Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge (Dan shen in Chinese)is extracted from dried roots and rhizomes of Labiatae Salvia.Tan-shinones are the main lipid-soluble components in Salvia,each has specific pharmacological activity.This review focuses on the research progress of Tanshinones on cardiovascular diseases,an-ti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, anti-tumor effect,hepatocyte protection and neuroprotective effects.Thera-peutic effects and mechanisms of Tanshinones on diverse disea-ses are summarized,pharmacokinetics and pharmaceutic evalua-tion were concluded.This review provides a global understand-ing about Tanshinones as a class of effective and promising can-didates for further studies,and lays a foundation for developing new Tanshinone-based agents according to the characteristics of Tanshinones.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a chronic liver disease characterized by hepatic steatosis in the absence of other causes,such as chronic alcohol consumption,that cause secondary hepatic fat accumulation.NAFLD has become the most common liver disease worldwide over the past two decades,and the prevalence of NAFLD is 20-30％in Western countries.However,the mechanism of NAFLD re-mains unclear.The gut microbiota plays an important role in the metabolism of the host;in fact,it has been implicated in inflammatory diseases,metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.Accumu-lating evidence has indicated that gut microbiota component changes are linked to human obesity,in-sulin resistance(IR),type 2 diabetes and NAFLD.Here,we provide insight into the role of gut microbiota,especially bile salt hydrolase(BSH)in modulating the bile acid pool and farnesoid X receptor(FXR),which promotes the synthesis of ceramide and contributes to the development of NAFLD.

Objective : To investigate the clinical use of glass ceramic onlay in the restoration of the non-vital posterior teeth with computer aided design and computer-aided manufacturing technique (CAD/CAM). Methods : 70 patients with 75 teeth of residual crown were selected and restored with CAD/CAM glass-ceramic onlay after completely root canal therapy. Marginal adaptation, anatomic form, adjacent relation, contour appearance, color match were checked in 12-month follow-up. Results : Marginal adaptation, anatomic form, adjacent relation, contour appearance, color match of 73 teeth were satisfactory and 2 cases was excluded because of lost to follow-up. There were no significant differences in the number of cases which met clinical criterion A or B between immediate restoration and 12-month follow-up (P > 0.05), and more than 95% of cases met clinical criterion A. Conclusion The CAD/CAM glass-ceramic onlay in the restoration of non-vital posterior teeth can provide better effect of retention and esthetics in a short term observation of 12 months.

Objective:To investigate the expression of soluble T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (Tim-3) in peripheral blood of patients with pancreatic cancer and its diagnostic value in combination with serum Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) .Methods:106 newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer patients and 65 age and sex matched healthy individuals were enrolled. Tim-3 concentration was quantitatively determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). According to the expression levels of soluble Tim-3 and serum CA19-9, a binary logistic regression model of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was established to compare the diagnostic effects of serum CA19-9 and soluble Tim-3 alone or combined with the two tests.Results:The levels of soluble Tim-3 in the pancreatic cancer group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group ( P<0.001). The expression level of soluble Tim-3 was significantly higher in patients with stage III-IV pancreatic cancer than in patients with stage I-II ( P=0.003). The AUC of soluble Tim-3 diagnosis for stage I-II pancreatic cancer was 0.856 (95%CI: 0.765 to 0.992 P<0.001), Serum CA19-9 The AUC used for the stage I-II pancreatic cancer diagnosis was 0.862 (95%CI: 0.772 to 0.926 P<0.001), The AUC for the combined diagnosis was 0.949 (95%CI: 0.880 - 0.985 P<0.001) ; In a healthy population and in patients with stage III-IV pancreatic cancer, the AUC of soluble T I I-IV pancreatic cancer in stage III was 0.927 (95%CI: 0.873 to 0.963 P<0.001), the AUC of serum CA19-9 used for the diagnosis of stage III-IV pancreatic cancer was 0.933 (95%CI: 0.881 to 0.968 P<0.001), the AUC for the combined diagnosis was 0.989 (95%CI: 0.956 to 0.999 P<0.001) . Conclusions:The combination of soluble Tim-3 and serum CA19-9 can improve the diagnostic rate of pancreatic cancer patients.

This research evaluated the clinical efficacy of three-wings rib plate in the treatment of multiple rib fractures and flail chest with mechanical analysis and clinical verification. The model of rib and three-wings rib plate was reconstructed. The contact simulation with pretension stress was applied to the plate's fixation, and it was found that the bearable stress of the rib fractures after fixation increased from the result which indicated a good fixation efficacy of the plate. Clinical data of 53 cases of rib fractures and flail chest treated with three-wings rib plate in Shanghai Pudong Hospital of Fudan University were retrospectively analyzed. After the operation, the pain of the patients was relieved. Postoperative CT reconstruction of the chest showed good restoration of the rib fractures, which verified the clinical efficacy of three-wings rib plate. The three-wings rib plate showed a high value in clinical use for treatment of rib fractures.
China ; Flail Chest/surgery* ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Rib Fractures/surgery* ; Ribs

Objective:To explore the mechanism of miR-205-5p/E2F1 signal axis in regulating the glioma U251, U87 radiotherapy resistance.Methods:X-ray gradual ascending and intermittent induction method was used to irradiate the glioma U251 cells to establish U251/TR, U87/TR radiation-resistant cell lines. Then, the morphology, migration, invasion and proliferation abilities of cells (U251/TR, U87/TR radiation-resistant cells and U251, U87 radiation-sensitive cells) were analyzed. Luciferase gene detection system and point mutation technique were employed to analyze the mechanism of miR-205-5p and E2F1 gene activity on U251 and U87 radiation-resistant cell lines.Results:Compared with the radiation-sensitive U251 cells, the radiation-resistant cells U251/TR, U87/TR showed increased proliferation activity, enhanced migration and invasion abilities and decreased apoptosis under X-ray irradiation. miR-205-5p mimics transfection could down-regulate the expression of E2F1 factor in U251/TR cells, inhibit cell proliferation, invasion and migration and increase the radiosensitivity of U251/TR cells. miR-205-5p mimics transfection combined with with E2F1 down-regulation exerted anti-tumor effect and decreased cell tolerance by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activity.Conclusions:The glioma radiation-resistant cell line U251/TR, U87/TR can be established by X-ray gradual ascending and intermittent induction method. The miR-205-5p/E2F1 signal axis exerts tumor-suppressing effect through the classical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which can be used as an therapeutic target to increase the radiosensitivity of glioma.

It is well known that an unhealthy lifestyle is a major risk factor for metabolic diseases, while in recent years, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the gut microbiome and its metabolites also play a crucial role in the onset and development of many metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease and so on. Numerous microorganisms dwell in the gastrointestinal tract, which is a key interface for energy acquisition and can metabolize dietary nutrients into many bioactive substances, thus acting as a link between the gut microbiome and its host. The gut microbiome is shaped by host genetics, immune responses and dietary factors. The metabolic and immune potential of the gut microbiome determines its significance in host health and diseases. Therefore, targeting the gut microbiome and relevant metabolic pathways would be effective therapeutic treatments for many metabolic diseases in the near future. This review will summarize information about the role of the gut microbiome in organism metabolism and the relationship between gut microbiome-derived metabolites and the pathogenesis of many metabolic diseases. Furthermore, recent advances in improving metabolic diseases by regulating the gut microbiome will be discussed.

Since metabolic process differs between humans and mice, studies were performed in hamsters, which are generally considered to be a more appropriate animal model for studies of obesity-related metabolic disorders. The modulation of gut microbiota, bile acids and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) axis is correlated with obesity-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in mice. However, the interactions among the gut microbiota, bile acids and FXR in metabolic disorders remained largely unexplored in hamsters. In the current study, hamsters fed a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) were administered vehicle or an antibiotic cocktail by gavage twice a week for four weeks. Antibiotic treatment alleviated HFD-induced glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis and inflammation accompanied with decreased hepatic lipogenesis and elevated thermogenesis in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). In the livers of antibiotic-treated hamsters, cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily B member 1 (CYP7B1) in the alternative bile acid synthesis pathway was upregulated, contributing to a more hydrophilic bile acid profile with increased tauro--muricholic acid (TMCA). The intestinal FXR signaling was suppressed but remained unchanged in the liver. This study is of potential translational significance in determining the role of gut microbiota-mediated bile acid metabolism in modulating diet-induced glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis in the hamster.

Although the functions of metabolic enzymes and nuclear receptors in controlling physiological homeostasis have been established, their crosstalk in modulating metabolic disease has not been explored. Genetic ablation of the xenobiotic-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2E1 in mice markedly induced adipose browning and increased energy expenditure to improve obesity. CYP2E1 deficiency activated the expression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) target genes, including fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21, that upon release from the liver, enhanced adipose browning and energy expenditure to decrease obesity. Nineteen metabolites were increased in Cyp2e1-null mice as revealed by global untargeted metabolomics, among which four compounds, lysophosphatidylcholine and three polyunsaturated fatty acids were found to be directly metabolized by CYP2E1 and to serve as PPARα agonists, thus explaining how CYP2E1 deficiency causes hepatic PPARα activation through increasing cellular levels of endogenous PPARα agonists. Translationally, a CYP2E1 inhibitor was found to activate the PPARα-FGF21-beige adipose axis and decrease obesity in wild-type mice, but not in liver-specific Ppara-null mice. The present results establish a metabolic crosstalk between PPARα and CYP2E1 that supports the potential for a novel anti-obesity strategy of activating adipose tissue browning by targeting the CYP2E1 to modulate endogenous metabolites beyond its canonical role in xenobiotic-metabolism.

Adventitia ; Atherosclerosis/genetics* ; Cell Communication ; Humans ; Hyperhomocysteinemia/genetics* ; Sequence Analysis, RNA