1.A Study of Psychiatric Treatment Compliance in Referred Patients at a General Hospital.
In Bo SHIM ; Young Hoon KO ; Moon Soo LEE ; Yong Ku KIM ; Changsu HAN
Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine 2011;19(2):66-73
OBJECTIVES: The present study investigates the status of inpatient psychiatric consultations at a general hospital in order to find factors that contribute to treatment compliance related to psychiatric consultations. METHODS: The subjects were 333 patients who were hospitalized at Korea University Medical Center Ansan Hospital from 1 September 2009 to 31 July 2010.The patients were referred for psychiatric consultation during hospitalization. This study investigates demographic data, request department, referral causes, requestor, psychiatric history and diagnosis, andpsychiatric treatment compliance. Treatment compliance was defined as whether or not the patient had accepted psychiatric treatment during hospitalization or outpatient department(OPD) follow-up. This study ascertains the factors that have impact on compliance, by taking binary logistic regression with compliance and other variables. RESULTS: Among the patients that were offered psychiatric treatment during hospitalization(N=310), treatment compliance was 82.9%. Among the patients that were offered OPD treatment(N=111), compliance was 55.8%. Elderly group(>65 years) showed better compliance to treatment during hospitalization than the younger patient group(OR=4.838, p=0.004). Patients with secondary psychiatric disorders showed better OPD follow-up compliance than patients with secondary psychiatric disorders(OR=8.520, p=.008). CONCLUSION: Elderly patients showed better compliance for psychiatric treatment during hospitalization. However they commonly have disorders such as delirium and mood disorders that have impact on the patient's physical state, hence further active measures should be carried out. Patients referred due to primary psychiatric disorders showed poor OPD compliance. Therefore clinicians have to suggest multidisciplinary interventions that will improve treatment compliance of such patients.
Academic Medical Centers
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Aged
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Compliance
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Delirium
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Follow-Up Studies
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Hospitalization
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Hospitals, General
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Humans
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Inpatients
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Korea
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Logistic Models
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Mood Disorders
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Outpatients
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Referral and Consultation
2.The Reliability and Validity Studies of the Korean Version of the Perceived Stress Scale.
Jongha LEE ; Cheolmin SHIN ; Young Hoon KO ; Jaehyung LIM ; Sook Haeng JOE ; Seunghyun KIM ; In Kwa JUNG ; Changsu HAN
Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine 2012;20(2):127-134
OBJECTIVES: Perceived stress scale is a self-report inventory to estimate the degree of individual perceived stress in daily life. The aim of this study was to introduce this scale and test the reliability and validity of the Korean version of PSS. METHODS: The total of 154 female hospital workers were included in this study. The survey questionnaires were conducted for demographic information. All participants were required to complete PSS, Hamilton Anxiety scale and Beck Depression Inventory. Reliability and validity studies were conducted and internal consistency was examined. RESULTS: The mean score of the PSS reported in this sample was 20.69+/-4.56. The overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.819, and the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.66. PSS had a significant positive correlation with the HAM-A(r=0.49, p<0.01), and the BDI(r=0.55, p<0.01). Factor analysis yielded 2 factors with eigenvalues of 3.924 and 2.608, accounting for 65 percent of variance. Factor 1 represented "stress" and factor 2 represented "control of stress". CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the PSS is appropriate for estimating the perceived stress levels. These results support the use of PSS in large sections of the population in Korea.
Accounting
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Anxiety
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Depression
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Female
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Humans
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Korea
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Questionnaires
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Reproducibility of Results
3.Standardization of the Korean Version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4)
Hyoun-Wook KIM ; Cheolmin SHIN ; Seung-Hoon LEE ; Changsu HAN
Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience 2021;19(1):104-111
Objective:
The Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) has been used for screening owing to ease of use and brevity.In this study, we developed the Korean version of the PHQ-4 and tested its validity.
Methods:
One hundred sixteen new adult outpatients at the Department of Psychiatry of the Korea University Ansan Hospital participated in the study. We simultaneously administered other depression/anxiety scales: the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory.
Results:
The mean PHQ-4 score was 6.52 (standard deviation = 3.45). Cronbach’s α was 0.792, and the intraclass correlation coefficient of test and 2-week interval retest was 0.827 (p < 0.01). The Pearson correlation coefficients between the PHQ-4 total score and other depression/anxiety scales were all over 0.6. Confirmatory factorial analysis showed acceptable convergent validity and reliability but questionable discriminant validity for some model fit values.
Conclusion
The Korean version of the PHQ-4 has sufficient internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity, but its two-factor structure showed incompleteness. However, we suggest that it should be used as a brief screening measure for common psychiatric distress that warrants further detailed assessment, but not to separately assess the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms.
4.Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species via NOXa Is Important for Development and Pathogenicity of Mycosphaerella graminicola.
Yoon E CHOI ; Changsu LEE ; Stephen B GOODWIN
Mycobiology 2016;44(1):38-47
The ascomycete fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola (synonym Zymoseptoria tritici) is an important pathogen of wheat causing economically significant losses. The primary nutritional mode of this fungus is thought to be hemibiotrophic. This pathogenic lifestyle is associated with an early biotrophic stage of nutrient uptake followed by a necrotrophic stage aided possibly by production of a toxin or reactive oxygen species (ROS). In many other fungi, the genes CREA and AREA are important during the biotrophic stage of infection, while the NOXa gene product is important during necrotrophic growth. To test the hypothesis that these genes are important for pathogenicity of M. graminicola, we employed an over-expression strategy for the selected target genes CREA, AREA, and NOXa, which might function as regulators of nutrient acquisition or ROS generation. Increased expressions of CREA, AREA, and NOXa in M. graminicola were confirmed via quantitative real-time PCR and strains were subsequently assayed for pathogenicity. Among them, the NOXa over-expression strain, NO2, resulted in significantly increased virulence. Moreover, instead of the usual filamentous growth, we observed a predominance of yeast-like growth of NO2 which was correlated with ROS production. Our data indicate that ROS generation via NOXa is important to pathogenicity as well as development in M. graminicola.
Ascomycota
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Fungi
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Life Style
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NADPH Oxidase
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Reactive Oxygen Species*
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Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Triticum
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Virulence*
5.Low Psychological Resilience Predict the Risk for Alcohol Use Disorder in General Population: National Mental Health Survey of Korea 2021
Seung-Hoon LEE ; Junhyung KIM ; Changsu HAN
Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience 2025;23(1):53-64
Objective:
Prior research has emphasized psychological resilience as a potential protective factor against alcohol use disorder in diverse populations, with limited exploration of its relationship in the general population. This study investigated the association between the lifetime and one-year prevalence of alcohol use disorder and resilience.
Methods:
Data obtained from the National Mental Health Survey of Korea 2021 (5,511 participants; 40.7% response rate) encompassed information on alcohol use disorders, resilience, experiences of psychological trauma, and major mental disorders. The analyses compared demographics, psychological trauma, resilience, and the prevalence of major mental disorders based on alcoholism. The contribution of resilience to alcoholism was assessed utilizing Rao-Scott logistic regression, with adjustments made for confounding variables.
Results:
Individuals with both lifetime and 1-year alcohol use disorder and dependence exhibited significantly lower levels of resilience on the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Diminished resilience predicted morbidity and persisted even after adjusting for depressive and anxiety disorders, psychological trauma, nicotine use disorders, age, gender, education, income, marital status, and occupation.
Conclusion
Diminished resilience is a prognostic indicator of increased likelihood of both lifetime and current alcoholism in the general population.
6.Low Psychological Resilience Predict the Risk for Alcohol Use Disorder in General Population: National Mental Health Survey of Korea 2021
Seung-Hoon LEE ; Junhyung KIM ; Changsu HAN
Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience 2025;23(1):53-64
Objective:
Prior research has emphasized psychological resilience as a potential protective factor against alcohol use disorder in diverse populations, with limited exploration of its relationship in the general population. This study investigated the association between the lifetime and one-year prevalence of alcohol use disorder and resilience.
Methods:
Data obtained from the National Mental Health Survey of Korea 2021 (5,511 participants; 40.7% response rate) encompassed information on alcohol use disorders, resilience, experiences of psychological trauma, and major mental disorders. The analyses compared demographics, psychological trauma, resilience, and the prevalence of major mental disorders based on alcoholism. The contribution of resilience to alcoholism was assessed utilizing Rao-Scott logistic regression, with adjustments made for confounding variables.
Results:
Individuals with both lifetime and 1-year alcohol use disorder and dependence exhibited significantly lower levels of resilience on the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Diminished resilience predicted morbidity and persisted even after adjusting for depressive and anxiety disorders, psychological trauma, nicotine use disorders, age, gender, education, income, marital status, and occupation.
Conclusion
Diminished resilience is a prognostic indicator of increased likelihood of both lifetime and current alcoholism in the general population.
7.Low Psychological Resilience Predict the Risk for Alcohol Use Disorder in General Population: National Mental Health Survey of Korea 2021
Seung-Hoon LEE ; Junhyung KIM ; Changsu HAN
Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience 2025;23(1):53-64
Objective:
Prior research has emphasized psychological resilience as a potential protective factor against alcohol use disorder in diverse populations, with limited exploration of its relationship in the general population. This study investigated the association between the lifetime and one-year prevalence of alcohol use disorder and resilience.
Methods:
Data obtained from the National Mental Health Survey of Korea 2021 (5,511 participants; 40.7% response rate) encompassed information on alcohol use disorders, resilience, experiences of psychological trauma, and major mental disorders. The analyses compared demographics, psychological trauma, resilience, and the prevalence of major mental disorders based on alcoholism. The contribution of resilience to alcoholism was assessed utilizing Rao-Scott logistic regression, with adjustments made for confounding variables.
Results:
Individuals with both lifetime and 1-year alcohol use disorder and dependence exhibited significantly lower levels of resilience on the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Diminished resilience predicted morbidity and persisted even after adjusting for depressive and anxiety disorders, psychological trauma, nicotine use disorders, age, gender, education, income, marital status, and occupation.
Conclusion
Diminished resilience is a prognostic indicator of increased likelihood of both lifetime and current alcoholism in the general population.
8.Low Psychological Resilience Predict the Risk for Alcohol Use Disorder in General Population: National Mental Health Survey of Korea 2021
Seung-Hoon LEE ; Junhyung KIM ; Changsu HAN
Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience 2025;23(1):53-64
Objective:
Prior research has emphasized psychological resilience as a potential protective factor against alcohol use disorder in diverse populations, with limited exploration of its relationship in the general population. This study investigated the association between the lifetime and one-year prevalence of alcohol use disorder and resilience.
Methods:
Data obtained from the National Mental Health Survey of Korea 2021 (5,511 participants; 40.7% response rate) encompassed information on alcohol use disorders, resilience, experiences of psychological trauma, and major mental disorders. The analyses compared demographics, psychological trauma, resilience, and the prevalence of major mental disorders based on alcoholism. The contribution of resilience to alcoholism was assessed utilizing Rao-Scott logistic regression, with adjustments made for confounding variables.
Results:
Individuals with both lifetime and 1-year alcohol use disorder and dependence exhibited significantly lower levels of resilience on the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Diminished resilience predicted morbidity and persisted even after adjusting for depressive and anxiety disorders, psychological trauma, nicotine use disorders, age, gender, education, income, marital status, and occupation.
Conclusion
Diminished resilience is a prognostic indicator of increased likelihood of both lifetime and current alcoholism in the general population.
9.The Cost of Occupational Health and Safety in Manufacturing Factories.
Wonki OH ; Hyeongsu KIM ; Changsu UM ; Sounghoon CHANG ; Kunsei LEE ; Kyunghee JUNG-CHOI ; Keunwhoe KIM ; Kwanhyung LEE
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(1):25-36
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the cost for occupational health and safety in manufacturing factories in Korea according to the factory's size and the industrial classification. METHODS: The costs to prevent occupational injuries and promote the general health of the workers were calculated by using the data of The Occupational Safety and Health Survey in Korea in the year of 2005 and the data of the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance (IACI) premiums at the same factories for the year of 2004. RESULTS: The mean cost per one worker was as follows: 990,000 won for the factory with 5~49 workers, 869,000 won for the factory with 50~299 workers and 1,773,000 won for the factory with more than 300 workers. In the factories with 5~49 workers and 50~299 workers, the premium for the IACI was the largest portion of the cost (62.8% and 52.8%, respectively) and the cost for gear to protect workers from dangerous machineries was the next biggest portion of the cost (20.1% and 19.1%, respectively). The largest portion of the cost in the factories with more than 300 workers was the premium for the IACI (37.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The investment costs to prevent occupational injuries and to promote the general health of the workers were very diverse according to the size of the factories and the industrial classification. To reduce the occupational injuries and to promote the general health of the workers, systematic and continuous approaches to evaluate the investment costs for the occupational health and safety are required.
Accidents, Occupational
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Compensation and Redress
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Health Surveys
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Insurance
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Investments
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Korea
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Occupational Health
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Occupational Injuries
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Occupations
10.The Cost of Occupational Health and Safety in Manufacturing Factories.
Wonki OH ; Hyeongsu KIM ; Changsu UM ; Sounghoon CHANG ; Kunsei LEE ; Kyunghee JUNG-CHOI ; Keunwhoe KIM ; Kwanhyung LEE
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(1):25-36
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the cost for occupational health and safety in manufacturing factories in Korea according to the factory's size and the industrial classification. METHODS: The costs to prevent occupational injuries and promote the general health of the workers were calculated by using the data of The Occupational Safety and Health Survey in Korea in the year of 2005 and the data of the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance (IACI) premiums at the same factories for the year of 2004. RESULTS: The mean cost per one worker was as follows: 990,000 won for the factory with 5~49 workers, 869,000 won for the factory with 50~299 workers and 1,773,000 won for the factory with more than 300 workers. In the factories with 5~49 workers and 50~299 workers, the premium for the IACI was the largest portion of the cost (62.8% and 52.8%, respectively) and the cost for gear to protect workers from dangerous machineries was the next biggest portion of the cost (20.1% and 19.1%, respectively). The largest portion of the cost in the factories with more than 300 workers was the premium for the IACI (37.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The investment costs to prevent occupational injuries and to promote the general health of the workers were very diverse according to the size of the factories and the industrial classification. To reduce the occupational injuries and to promote the general health of the workers, systematic and continuous approaches to evaluate the investment costs for the occupational health and safety are required.
Accidents, Occupational
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Compensation and Redress
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Health Surveys
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Insurance
;
Investments
;
Korea
;
Occupational Health
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Occupational Injuries
;
Occupations