1.Detection of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis Using Polymerase Chain Reaction and in Situ Hybridization.
Yangil PARK ; Jounghwan LIM ; Bongryoul OH ; Soobang RYU ; Chan CHOI ; Changsoo PARK
Korean Journal of Urology 1997;38(8):823-831
PURPOSE: Infection of the external urogenital system with human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated in the development of genital cancer. We evaluated the prevalence of HPV types 6/11, 16 and 18 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the localization of HPV DNA by in situ hybridization. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A total of 22 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis were analyzed. We used the PCR technique to evaluate type specific DNA sequences of unique E6 to E7 transforming regions of HPV. Also, we investigated the localization of HPV DNA by in situ hybridization in PCR positive cases. RESULTS: Overall, by PCR technique the detection rate for HPV DNA were 50% (11 of 22 cases). HPV DNA type 16 was detected in all positive specimen and type 6/11 in 5 cases, whereas type 18 could not be detected. All of HPV DNA type 6/11 positive specimens were also HPV DNA type 16 positive. Using in situ hybridization HPV DNA type 16 was detected in 2 (18.2%) from 11 specimens in which HPV DNA had already been detected by PCR, and HPV DNA type 16 was localized in the nuclei of scattered carcinoma cells. But, HPV DNA type 6/11 were not detected by in situ hybridization. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that HPV DNA type 16 is the type most commonly associated with penile carcinoma. But the result of high detection rate for HPV DNA type 6/11 seems to require further investigations.
Base Sequence
;
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell*
;
DNA*
;
Humans*
;
In Situ Hybridization*
;
Male
;
Penis*
;
Polymerase Chain Reaction*
;
Prevalence
;
Urogenital System
2.Evaluation of an air quality warning system for vulnerable and susceptible individuals in Korea: an interrupted time series analysis
YouHyun PARK ; Jun Hyuk KOO ; Hoyeon JEONG ; Ji Ye JUNG ; Changsoo KIM ; Dae Ryong KANG
Epidemiology and Health 2023;45(1):e2023020-
OBJECTIVES:
This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of an air quality warning system (AQWS) implemented in January 2015 in Korea by analyzing changes in the incidence and exacerbation rates of environmental diseases.
METHODS:
Data from patients with environmental diseases were extracted from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort database from 2010 to 2019, and data on environmental risk factors were acquired from the AirKorea database. Patient and meteorological data were linked based on residential area. An interrupted time series analysis with Poisson segmented regression was used to compare the rates before and after AQWS introduction. Adjustment variables included seasonality, air pollutants (carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter less than 10 μm in diameter, and ozone), temperature, and humidity.
RESULTS:
After AQWS implementation, the incidence of asthma gradually decreased by 20.5%. Cardiovascular disease and stroke incidence also significantly decreased (by 34.3 and 43.0%, respectively). However, no immediate or gradual decrease was identified in the exacerbation rate of any environmental disease after AQWS implementation. Sensitivity analyses were performed according to age, disability, and health insurance coverage type. Overall, the AQWS effectively mitigated the occurrence of most environmental diseases in Korea. However, the relationships between alarm system implementation and reduced incidence differed among diseases based on the characteristics of vulnerable and sensitive individuals.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that by tailoring the AQWS to demographic and sociological characteristics and providing enhanced education about the warning system, interventions can become an efficient policy tool to decrease air pollution-related health risks.
3.High Level of Real Urban Air Pollution Promotes Cardiac Arrhythmia in Healthy Mice
Hyewon PARK ; Sangchul LIM ; Seunghoon LEE ; Dasom MUN ; JiYoung KANG ; Hyoeun KIM ; Hyelim PARK ; Changsoo KIM ; Sunho PARK ; Yeong-Min LIM ; Boyoung JOUNG
Korean Circulation Journal 2021;51(2):157-170
Background and Objectives:
Ambient particulate matter (PM) in real urban air pollution (RUA) is an environmental health risk factor associated with increased cardiac events. This study investigated the threshold level to induce arrhythmia, as well as arrhythmogenic mechanism of RUA that mainly consisted of PM <2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter close to ultrafine particles.
Methods:
RUA was artificially produced by a lately developed pyrolysis based RUA generator.C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups: a control group (control, n=12) and three groups with exposure to RUA with the concentration of 200 µg/㎥ (n=12), 400 µg/㎥ (n=12), and 800 µg/㎥ (n=12). Mice were exposed to RUA at each concentration for 8 hr/day and 5 day/week to mimic ordinary human activity during 3 weeks.
Results:
The QRS and QTc intervals, as well as intracellular Ca2+ duration, apicobasal action potential duration (APD) gradient, fibrosis, and inflammation of left ventricle of mouse hearts were increased dose-dependently with the increase of RUA concentration, and significantly increased at RUA concentration of 400 µg/㎥ compared to control (all p<0.001). In mice exposed to RUA concentration of 800 µg/㎥ , spontaneous ventricular arrhythmia was observed in 42%, with significant increase of inflammatory markers, phosphorylated Ca2+ /calmodulindependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and phospholamban (PLB) compared to control.
Conclusions
RUA could induce electrophysiological changes such as APD and QT prolongation, fibrosis, and inflammation dose-dependently, with significant increase of ventricular arrhythmia at the concentration of 400 µg/㎥ . RUA concentration of 800 µg/㎥ increased phosphorylation of CaMKII and PLB.
4.High Level of Real Urban Air Pollution Promotes Cardiac Arrhythmia in Healthy Mice
Hyewon PARK ; Sangchul LIM ; Seunghoon LEE ; Dasom MUN ; JiYoung KANG ; Hyoeun KIM ; Hyelim PARK ; Changsoo KIM ; Sunho PARK ; Yeong-Min LIM ; Boyoung JOUNG
Korean Circulation Journal 2021;51(2):157-170
Background and Objectives:
Ambient particulate matter (PM) in real urban air pollution (RUA) is an environmental health risk factor associated with increased cardiac events. This study investigated the threshold level to induce arrhythmia, as well as arrhythmogenic mechanism of RUA that mainly consisted of PM <2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter close to ultrafine particles.
Methods:
RUA was artificially produced by a lately developed pyrolysis based RUA generator.C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups: a control group (control, n=12) and three groups with exposure to RUA with the concentration of 200 µg/㎥ (n=12), 400 µg/㎥ (n=12), and 800 µg/㎥ (n=12). Mice were exposed to RUA at each concentration for 8 hr/day and 5 day/week to mimic ordinary human activity during 3 weeks.
Results:
The QRS and QTc intervals, as well as intracellular Ca2+ duration, apicobasal action potential duration (APD) gradient, fibrosis, and inflammation of left ventricle of mouse hearts were increased dose-dependently with the increase of RUA concentration, and significantly increased at RUA concentration of 400 µg/㎥ compared to control (all p<0.001). In mice exposed to RUA concentration of 800 µg/㎥ , spontaneous ventricular arrhythmia was observed in 42%, with significant increase of inflammatory markers, phosphorylated Ca2+ /calmodulindependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and phospholamban (PLB) compared to control.
Conclusions
RUA could induce electrophysiological changes such as APD and QT prolongation, fibrosis, and inflammation dose-dependently, with significant increase of ventricular arrhythmia at the concentration of 400 µg/㎥ . RUA concentration of 800 µg/㎥ increased phosphorylation of CaMKII and PLB.
5.Changes in gallbladder motility in gastrectomized patients.
Joonsoo HAHM ; Joonyong PARK ; Yunju CHO ; Changsoo EUN ; Yongwook LEE ; Hosoon CHOI ; Byoengchul YOON ; Minho LEE ; Choonsuhk KEE ; Kyungnam PARK ; Heonkil LIM ; Sungjoon KWON
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine 2000;15(1):19-24
OBJECTIVES: Gastric resection may predispose gallstone formation. However, the mechanism has not been clearly understood. To evaluate the relationship between gastric resection and gallstone formation, we compared gallbladder(GB) motility in gastrectomized patients and control subjects. METHODS: We compared the GB volume and ejection fraction of the 46 gastrectomized patients with 37 healthy controls using real time ultrasonography. RESULTS: GB volume increased significantly in the gastrectomized group in fasting (30.2 13.9 ml). The GB volume after a fatty meal was greater in the gastrectomized group (12.6 6.4 ml) than in the control group (4.3 3.3 ml) (p +ADw- 0.01). A significant reduction of ejection fraction was found in gastrectomized patients (56.9 13.0+ACU-) in comparison with the control group (75.5 16.1+ACU-) (p +ADw- 0.01). The GB ejection fraction had a poor correlation to the postoperative period (r +AD0- 0.232). CONCLUSION: A gastrectomy appears to be a risk factor of GB dysmotility, which may play a major role in gallstone formation in gastrectomized patients.
Adult
;
Aged
;
Cholelithiasis/ultrasonography
;
Cholelithiasis/etiology+ACo-
;
Comparative Study
;
Eating
;
Endosonography
;
Fasting
;
Female
;
Gallbladder/ultrasonography
;
Gallbladder/physiopathology+ACo-
;
Gallbladder Emptying
;
Gastrectomy/adverse effects+ACo-
;
Gastrointestinal Motility
;
Human
;
Male
;
Middle Age
;
Probability
;
Prospective Studies
;
Reference Values
;
Risk Assessment
;
Stomach Neoplasms/surgery+ACo-
6.Structural and Resting-State Brain Alterations in Trauma-Exposed Firefighters: Preliminary Results
Yae Won PARK ; Suhnyoung JUN ; Juwhan NOH ; Seok Jong CHUNG ; Sanghoon HAN ; Phil Hyu LEE ; Changsoo KIM ; Seung-Koo LEE
Journal of the Korean Radiological Society 2020;81(3):676-687
Purpose:
To analyze the altered brain regions and intrinsic brain activity patterns in trauma-exposed firefighters without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Materials and Methods:
Resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) was performed for all subjects. Thirty-one firefighters over 40 years of age without PTSD (31 men; mean age, 49.8 ± 4.7 years) were included. Twenty-six non-traumatized healthy controls (HCs) (26 men; mean age, 65.3 ± 7.84 years) were also included. Voxel-based morphometry was performed to investigate focal differences in the brain anatomy. Seed-based functional connectivity analysis was performed to investigate differences in spontaneous brain characteristics.
Results:
The mean z-scores of the Seoul Verbal Learning Test for immediate and delayed recall, Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) score for animals, and COWAT phonemic fluency were significantly lower in the firefighter group than in the HCs, indicating decreased neurocognitive function. Compared to HCs, firefighters showed reduced gray matter volume in the left superior parietal gyrus and left inferior temporal gyrus. Further, in contrast to HCs, firefighters showed alterations in rsfMRI values in multiple regions, including the fusiform gyrus and cerebellum.
Conclusion
Structural and resting-state functional abnormalities in the brain may be useful imaging biomarkers for identifying alterations in trauma-exposed firefighters without PTSD.
7.Effect of Burnout on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Firefighters in Korea: Data From the Firefighter Research on Enhancement of Safety & Health (FRESH)
Woojin KIM ; Munjoo BAE ; Sei Jin CHANG ; Jin Ha YOON ; Da Yee JEONG ; Dae Sung HYUN ; Hye Yoon RYU ; Ki Soo PARK ; Mi Ji KIM ; Changsoo KIM
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health 2019;52(6):345-354
OBJECTIVES:
It is well-known that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among firefighters contributes to their job-related stress. However, the relationship between burnout and PTSD in firefighters has rarely been studied. This study therefore explored the association between burnout and its related factors, such as trauma and violence, and PTSD symptoms among firefighters in Korea.
METHODS:
A total of 535 firefighters participated in the Firefighter Research on Enhancement of Safety & Health study at 3 university hospitals from 2016 to 2017. The 535 participants received a baseline health examination, including questionnaires assessing their mental health. A Web-based survey was also conducted to collect data on job-related stress, history of exposure to violence, burnout, and trauma experience. The associations among burnout, its related factors, and PTSD symptoms were investigated using structural equation modeling.
RESULTS:
Job demands (β=0.411, p<0.001) and effort-reward balance (β=-0.290, p<0.001) were significantly related to burnout. Burnout (β=0.237, p<0.001) and violence (β=0.123, p=0.014) were significantly related to PTSD risk. Trauma (β=0.131, p=0.001) was significantly related to burnout; however, trauma was not directly associated with PTSD scores (β=0.085, p=0.081).
CONCLUSIONS
Our results show that burnout and psychological, sexual, and physical violence at the hands of clients directly affected participants’ PTSD symptoms. Burnout mediated the relationship between trauma experience and PTSD.
8.Development and Testing of a Machine Learning Model Using 18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT-Derived Metabolic Parameters to Classify Human Papillomavirus Status in Oropharyngeal Squamous Carcinoma
Changsoo WOO ; Kwan Hyeong JO ; Beomseok SOHN ; Kisung PARK ; Hojin CHO ; Won Jun KANG ; Jinna KIM ; Seung-Koo LEE
Korean Journal of Radiology 2023;24(1):51-61
Objective:
To develop and test a machine learning model for classifying human papillomavirus (HPV) status of patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) using 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) PET-derived parameters in derived parameters and an appropriate combination of machine learning methods in patients with OPSCC.
Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study enrolled 126 patients (118 male; mean age, 60 years) with newly diagnosed, pathologically confirmed OPSCC, that underwent 18 F-FDG PET-computed tomography (CT) between January 2012 and February 2020. Patients were randomly assigned to training and internal validation sets in a 7:3 ratio. An external test set of 19 patients (16 male; mean age, 65.3 years) was recruited sequentially from two other tertiary hospitals. Model 1 used only PET parameters, Model 2 used only clinical features, and Model 3 used both PET and clinical parameters. Multiple feature transforms, feature selection, oversampling, and training models are all investigated. The external test set was used to test the three models that performed best in the internal validation set. The values for area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were compared between models.
Results:
In the external test set, ExtraTrees-based Model 3, which uses two PET-derived parameters and three clinical features, with a combination of MinMaxScaler, mutual information selection, and adaptive synthetic sampling approach, showed the best performance (AUC = 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.46–1). Model 3 outperformed Model 1 using PET parameters alone (AUC = 0.48, p = 0.047) and Model 2 using clinical parameters alone (AUC = 0.52, p = 0.142) in predicting HPV status.
Conclusion
Using oversampling and mutual information selection, an ExtraTree-based HPV status classifier was developed by combining metabolic parameters derived from 18 F-FDG PET/CT and clinical parameters in OPSCC, which exhibited higher performance than the models using either PET or clinical parameters alone.
9.Physical Activity-Induced Modification of the Association of Long-Term Air Pollution Exposure with the Risk of Depression in Older Adults
Woongbi PARK ; Heeseon JANG ; Juyeon KO ; Jungwoo SOHN ; Young NOH ; Sun-Young KIM ; Sang-Baek KOH ; Changsoo KIM ; Jaelim CHO
Yonsei Medical Journal 2024;65(4):227-233
Purpose:
Evidence suggests that long-term air pollution exposures may induce depression; however, the influence of physical activity on this effect is unclear. We investigated modification of the associations between air pollution exposures and depression by the intensity of physical activity.
Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study included 1454 Korean adults. Depression was defined as a Geriatric Depression Scale score ≥8. Concentrations of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5: diameter ≤10 μm and ≤2.5 μm, respectively) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) level at each participant’s residential address were estimated. Based on metabolic equivalents, physical activity intensity was categorized as inactive, minimally active, or health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA).
Results:
Each 1-part per billion (ppb) NO2 concentration increase was significantly associated with a 6% [95% confidence interval (CI), 4%–8%] increase in depression risk. In older adults (≥65 years), a 1-ppb NO2 increase was associated (95% CI) with a 4% (1%–7%), 9% (5%–13%), and 21% (9%–33%) increase in depression risk in the inactive, minimally active, and HEPA groups, respectively. Compared with the inactive group, the minimally active (p=0.039) and HEPA groups (p=0.004) had higher NO2 exposure-associated depression risk. Associations of PM10 and PM2.5 with depression did not significantly differ by the intensity of physical activity.
Conclusion
We suggest that older adults who vigorously exercise outdoors may be susceptible to air pollution-related depression.
10.Label Adherence for Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in a Prospective Cohort of Asian Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
So Ryoung LEE ; Young Soo LEE ; Ji Suck PARK ; Myung Jin CHA ; Tae Hoon KIM ; Junbeom PARK ; Jin Kyu PARK ; Jung Myung LEE ; Ki Woon KANG ; Jaemin SHIM ; Jae Sun UHM ; Jun KIM ; Changsoo KIM ; Jin Bae KIM ; Hyung Wook PARK ; Boyoung JOUNG ; Eue Keun CHOI
Yonsei Medical Journal 2019;60(3):277-284
PURPOSE: Label adherence for non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) has not been well evaluated in Asian patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). The present study aimed to assess label adherence for NOACs in a Korean AF population and to determine risk factors of off-label prescriptions of NOACs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this COmparison study of Drugs for symptom control and complication prEvention of AF (CODE-AF) registry, patients with AF who were prescribed NOACs between June 2016 and May 2017 were included. Four NOAC doses were categorized as on- or off-label use according to Korea Food and Drug Regulations. RESULTS: We evaluated 3080 AF patients treated with NOACs (dabigatran 27.2%, rivaroxaban 23.9%, apixaban 36.9%, and edoxaban 12.0%). The mean age was 70.5±9.2 years; 56.0% were men; and the mean CHA₂DS₂-VASc score was 3.3±1.4. Only one-third of the patients (32.7%) was prescribed a standard dose of NOAC. More than one-third of the study population (n=1122, 36.4%) was prescribed an off-label reduced dose of NOAC. Compared to those with an on-label standard dosing, patients with an off-label reduced dose of NOAC were older (≥75 years), women, and had a lower body weight (≤60 kg), renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance ≤50 mL/min), previous stroke, previous bleeding, hypertension, concomitant dronedarone use, and anti-platelet use. CONCLUSION: In real-world practice, more than one-third of patients with NOAC prescriptions received an off-label reduced dose, which could result in an increased risk of stroke. Considering the high risk of stroke in these patients, on-label use of NOAC is recommended.
Anticoagulants
;
Asian Continental Ancestry Group
;
Atrial Fibrillation
;
Body Weight
;
Cohort Studies
;
Drug and Narcotic Control
;
Drug Labeling
;
Female
;
Hemorrhage
;
Humans
;
Hypertension
;
Korea
;
Male
;
Off-Label Use
;
Prescriptions
;
Prospective Studies
;
Risk Factors
;
Rivaroxaban
;
Stroke