PURPOSE: Infection of the external urogenital system with human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated in the development of genital cancer. We evaluated the prevalence of HPV types 6/11, 16 and 18 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the localization of HPV DNA by in situ hybridization. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A total of 22 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis were analyzed. We used the PCR technique to evaluate type specific DNA sequences of unique E6 to E7 transforming regions of HPV. Also, we investigated the localization of HPV DNA by in situ hybridization in PCR positive cases. RESULTS: Overall, by PCR technique the detection rate for HPV DNA were 50% (11 of 22 cases). HPV DNA type 16 was detected in all positive specimen and type 6/11 in 5 cases, whereas type 18 could not be detected. All of HPV DNA type 6/11 positive specimens were also HPV DNA type 16 positive. Using in situ hybridization HPV DNA type 16 was detected in 2 (18.2%) from 11 specimens in which HPV DNA had already been detected by PCR, and HPV DNA type 16 was localized in the nuclei of scattered carcinoma cells. But, HPV DNA type 6/11 were not detected by in situ hybridization. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that HPV DNA type 16 is the type most commonly associated with penile carcinoma. But the result of high detection rate for HPV DNA type 6/11 seems to require further investigations.
Base Sequence ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; DNA* ; Humans* ; In Situ Hybridization* ; Male ; Penis* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Prevalence ; Urogenital System

High-voltage electrical burn injuries on the scalp often result in scalp and cranial bone necrosis. Repetitive debridements and rich-vascularized flap coverage of the cranium are required. However, despite successful flap coverage, chronic osteomyelitis of cranial bones may occur. Treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of cranial bones is surgical debridement of the necrotic bone with re-coverage by a well-vascularized flap. The latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap is suitable not only for coverage of the cranium after the burn injury, but also for treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of the skull.

Background and Objectives: Ambient particulate matter (PM) in real urban air pollution (RUA) is an environmental health risk factor associated with increased cardiac events. This study investigated the threshold level to induce arrhythmia, as well as arrhythmogenic mechanism of RUA that mainly consisted of PM <2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter close to ultrafine particles. Methods: RUA was artificially produced by a lately developed pyrolysis based RUA generator.C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups: a control group (control, n=12) and three groups with exposure to RUA with the concentration of 200 µg/㎥ (n=12), 400 µg/㎥ (n=12), and 800 µg/㎥ (n=12). Mice were exposed to RUA at each concentration for 8 hr/day and 5 day/week to mimic ordinary human activity during 3 weeks. Results: The QRS and QTc intervals, as well as intracellular Ca2+ duration, apicobasal action potential duration (APD) gradient, fibrosis, and inflammation of left ventricle of mouse hearts were increased dose-dependently with the increase of RUA concentration, and significantly increased at RUA concentration of 400 µg/㎥ compared to control (all p<0.001). In mice exposed to RUA concentration of 800 µg/㎥ , spontaneous ventricular arrhythmia was observed in 42%, with significant increase of inflammatory markers, phosphorylated Ca2+ /calmodulindependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and phospholamban (PLB) compared to control. Conclusions RUA could induce electrophysiological changes such as APD and QT prolongation, fibrosis, and inflammation dose-dependently, with significant increase of ventricular arrhythmia at the concentration of 400 µg/㎥ . RUA concentration of 800 µg/㎥ increased phosphorylation of CaMKII and PLB.

Background and Objectives: Ambient particulate matter (PM) in real urban air pollution (RUA) is an environmental health risk factor associated with increased cardiac events. This study investigated the threshold level to induce arrhythmia, as well as arrhythmogenic mechanism of RUA that mainly consisted of PM <2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter close to ultrafine particles. Methods: RUA was artificially produced by a lately developed pyrolysis based RUA generator.C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups: a control group (control, n=12) and three groups with exposure to RUA with the concentration of 200 µg/㎥ (n=12), 400 µg/㎥ (n=12), and 800 µg/㎥ (n=12). Mice were exposed to RUA at each concentration for 8 hr/day and 5 day/week to mimic ordinary human activity during 3 weeks. Results: The QRS and QTc intervals, as well as intracellular Ca2+ duration, apicobasal action potential duration (APD) gradient, fibrosis, and inflammation of left ventricle of mouse hearts were increased dose-dependently with the increase of RUA concentration, and significantly increased at RUA concentration of 400 µg/㎥ compared to control (all p<0.001). In mice exposed to RUA concentration of 800 µg/㎥ , spontaneous ventricular arrhythmia was observed in 42%, with significant increase of inflammatory markers, phosphorylated Ca2+ /calmodulindependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and phospholamban (PLB) compared to control. Conclusions RUA could induce electrophysiological changes such as APD and QT prolongation, fibrosis, and inflammation dose-dependently, with significant increase of ventricular arrhythmia at the concentration of 400 µg/㎥ . RUA concentration of 800 µg/㎥ increased phosphorylation of CaMKII and PLB.

OBJECTIVES: Gastric resection may predispose gallstone formation. However, the mechanism has not been clearly understood. To evaluate the relationship between gastric resection and gallstone formation, we compared gallbladder(GB) motility in gastrectomized patients and control subjects. METHODS: We compared the GB volume and ejection fraction of the 46 gastrectomized patients with 37 healthy controls using real time ultrasonography. RESULTS: GB volume increased significantly in the gastrectomized group in fasting (30.2 13.9 ml). The GB volume after a fatty meal was greater in the gastrectomized group (12.6 6.4 ml) than in the control group (4.3 3.3 ml) (p +ADw- 0.01). A significant reduction of ejection fraction was found in gastrectomized patients (56.9 13.0+ACU-) in comparison with the control group (75.5 16.1+ACU-) (p +ADw- 0.01). The GB ejection fraction had a poor correlation to the postoperative period (r +AD0- 0.232). CONCLUSION: A gastrectomy appears to be a risk factor of GB dysmotility, which may play a major role in gallstone formation in gastrectomized patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Cholelithiasis/ultrasonography ; Cholelithiasis/etiology+ACo- ; Comparative Study ; Eating ; Endosonography ; Fasting ; Female ; Gallbladder/ultrasonography ; Gallbladder/physiopathology+ACo- ; Gallbladder Emptying ; Gastrectomy/adverse effects+ACo- ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Human ; Male ; Middle Age ; Probability ; Prospective Studies ; Reference Values ; Risk Assessment ; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery+ACo-