To improve the diagnostic level of CT and MRI in intracranial angioreticuloma. 75 cases of intracranial angioreticuloma were examined by CT, and 19 of them were re examined with MRI. The tumor was located in the cerebellum in 67, frontal lobe in 2, temporal lobe in 1, cerebellum with involvement of medulla, great occipital foramen, vertebral canal, spinal cord and cerebropontial angle in 1, respectively. CT displayed cystic low density accompanied by tumor wall nodules (midcystic tumor) in 35, cystic low density in 18, circular cystic wall in 11, parenchymatous high density in 4, and mixed density in 6. Long T 1 and T 2 signals with tumor wall nodules were displayed in MRI in all of 12 patients. Postoperative pathology: 47 were cystic tumors with tumor wall nodules in the size of 0 1～3 0cm in diameter. The tumor was solitary in 71 cases, and multiple is 3, and the mixed tumor of glioblastoma multiforme and multiple angioreticuloma was located in the temporal lobe in 1 patient, which was rare. The tumor should be diagnosed as angioreticuloma when it was located in the cerebellar hemisphere or vermis without the feature of midcystic tumor or parenchymatous tumor in CT and MRI profiles, with the features of obvious reinforcement or paramagnetic vascular empty in tumor, and a short history.

Objective To investigate the correlation of rCBV with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression and microvessel density (MVD) in gliomas Methods MR examinations were performed preoperatively in 46 patients with suspected supratentorial gliomas All the 46 cases were proved by operation and pathology Immunohistochemical stain methods were used to demonstrate the situation of VEGF protein expression and quantitatively measure the MVD in gliomas The procedures of MR examinations included plain MR scan, PWI and routine contrast enhanced MR scan The pulse sequence of PWI was single shot GRE EPI T  2WI The CBV maps were calculated from the original data of perfusion images and the maximum rCBV of gliomas was acquired from CBV maps through measurement on the region of interest (ROI) According to the situation of VEGF protein expression, all the 46 cases were divided into two groupsincluding positive VEGF protein expression group and negative VEGF protein expression group Mann Whitney U test was used for comparing the difference between the two groups Spearman′s rho correlation analysis was used for observing the correlation between maximum rCBV and MVD in gliomas Results Of the 46 cases; 12 cases were astrocytomas, 3 were oligodendrogliomas, 1 was mixed glioma, 14 were anaplastic astrocytomas, and 16 were glioblastomas multiforme The maximum rCBV value in VEGF(-) group ( n =14) and VEGF(+) group ( n =32) ranged from 0 33～6 63 and 1 03～10 68, with median of 3 08 and 5 95, respectively The difference in maximum rCBV between the two groups was statistically significant ( Mann Whitney U test | z| =2 638, P

OBJECTIVETo study the anatomic features of the gracilis muscle flap and its clinical application in tongue reconstruction.

METHODSThirty gracilis muscles in 15 cadavers were dissected, and the morphometric parameter of the gracilis muscle and the origin, length, diameter of the vascular and nerve pedicle were observed and measured.

RESULTSThe length of the total gracilis and the muscle belly was 41.8±3.9 cm and 31.0±3.6 cm respectively, and the width and thickness of the muscle was 3.2±0.7 cm and 1.7±0.2 cm respectively. The blood supply to the gracilis originated from multiple source vessles, and two to five pedicles supplied the gracilis from its deep surface and entered the muscle near its anterior border, of which the dominant pedicle and the first distal pedicle were consistent in their anatomy which originated from the profunda femoris vessels and the femoris vessels respectively. The length and external diameter of these vessels were suitable for microvascular anastomosis, while other vessel pedicles were neither consistent in their anatomy nor the length and external diamiter suitable for microvascular anastomosis. The nerve to the gracilis arose from the anterior division of the obturator nerve consistently and its length and external diameter was suitable for anastomosis with the hypoglossal nerve.

CONCLUSIONSBecause of superficial location, excellent morphological match for tongue, consistency in its vascular and neural pedicle's anatomy and suitability of neurovascular pedicle's length and external diameter for microsurgical anastomoses, possibility of regaining tongue movements, the gracilis flap is a ideal option for tongue reconstruction.

Cadaver ; Humans ; Muscle, Skeletal ; anatomy & histology ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Thigh ; Tongue ; surgery

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) can cause various oral dysfunctions in patients and can turn into oral cancer. The causes and processes of OSF malignant transformation involve betel nut chewing, vascular atrophy, tissue hypoxia, cell cycle changes, aging, autophagy, and changes in cancer/cancer suppressor genes and microRNAs. It is of great significance to study the causes and process of OSF malignant transformation for the treatment and prevention of OSF malignant transformation.