Hippocampal delayed neuronal death(DND)model was produced by bilateral carotid arteries occluded for 10 min with 7 day reperfusion.Effect of GPM on DND of gerbil hippocampus was examined by counting the neuronal density and histologic changes in CA_1sector.The average neuronal density((?)?SD)in NS group.GPM-I,GPM-Ⅱ group was 107.50?6.63/mu,146.18?19.75/mm and 165.30?9.24/mm respectively.Compared with NS contral group,both neuronal density in GPM-I group and GPM-Ⅱ group were significantly increased(P

Parathyroid hormone ( PTH) is an important hormone secreted by parathyroid cells , and regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in the body .In recent years , the toxic effect of PTH on myocardium has been re-ported.Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a member of G protein-coupled receptor family, can feel the subtle change of extracellular calcium concentration and regulate intracellular calcium concentration through multifarious ways in order to control the secretion of PTH .The expression of CaSR is observed in parathyroid cells , renal tubular epithelial cells , myo-cardial cells, etc.Intracellular calcium, as a second messenger, participates in various cell functions , such as excitation-contraction coupling , fertilization and so on .The injury of myocardial cells is intimately linked with high concentrations of PTH and intracellular calcium , and high expression of CaSR .

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture and miuci therapy combined with Qinggan Tongqiao Decoction for sudden sensor-neural hearing loss (SSHL) and the effects on level of plasma endothelin (ET) and serum nitrate oxide (NO). Methods Totally 110 patients with SSHL were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, with 55 patients in each group. The control group was given Qinggan Tongqiao Decoction combined with acupuncture routine treatment, and treatment group was given miuci therapy on the basis of the control group, two weeks as a course of two groups. Level changes of plasma ET and serum NO, and pure tone listening threshold changes before and after treatment were observed. Tinnitus and hearing efficacy was evaluated. Results The total effective rate for tinnitus efficacy was 94.54% (52/55) in the treatment group and 85.45% (47/55) in the control group, with statistical significance (u=2.038, P=0.040). The total effective rate for hearing efficacy was 96.46%(53/55) in the treatment group and 81.82% (45/55) in the control group, with statistical significance (u=2.913, P=0.040). Compared with before treatment, the level of plasma ET decreased and the level of serum NO increased after the treatment (P<0.05); After the treatment, the level of plasma ET in the treatment was lower than the control group, and the level of serum NO in the treatment group was higher than the control group (P<0.05). Pure tone threshold scores in the two groups on treatment 3, 7, 14 d were significantly improved (P<0.05), and pure tone threshold scores in the treatment group were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture and miuci therapy combined with Qinggan Tongqiao Decoction can significantly reduce clinical symptoms and enhance the hearing level of SSHL patients. The mechanism mainly lies in regulating levels of plasma ET and serum NO, and improving the inner ear micro-circulation.

The contents of amino acids in dorsal hippocampus were measured at themoment of 10-min transient forebrain ischemia by using amino acid autoanalyser, delayedneuronal death (DND) model was established by bilateral carotid arteries occlusion for10-min followed by 7-day reperfusion. Effect of monosodium glutamate, ketamine on DNDin the hippocampus was examined by counting neuronal density in CA_1 sector. The Ca~(2+)content in dorsal hippocampus was measured, and the effect of ketamine on Ca~(2+) concen- tration was examined. The results showed that the contents of glutamate and aspartate indorsal hippocampus were increased significantly at the moment of 10-min transient fore-brain ischemia (P0.05). These results suggested that excitatory amino acids (EAA)and Ca~(2+) played an important role directly or indirectly in the development of DND inhippocampus following transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils; ca~(2+) over-load may be ancommon final pathway of neuronal death.

Calcium sensing receptors (CaSR) is a member of super-family of G-protein coupling receptors. This review first introduced the concept, construction features, distribution, functions, decision methods, moderators, genetic locus of CaSR and its relationship with some diseases concisely. Then this article described the investigation progress of CaSR in cardiovascular system intensively, including the expression pattern, role and signal pathways of CaSR in rat myocardium in normal, ischemia-reperfusion injury, apoptosis and cardiac hypertrophy;the role and mechanism of CaSR in calcium homostasis regulation of rat myocardium, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cardiac ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning. The metabolism rule, physiological significance and pathological action of polyamine in cardiac cells;the increase of CaSR expression in cardiac tissue of artherosclerosic rat and its effect on sensitivity to acute myocardial infarction are also discussed. In the end, the research perspective of CaSR in cardiovascular system was anticipated.

BACKGROUND: Panax notoginseng is an effective medicine for curing gastric mucosal ulcer. There are many clinical reports that Panax notoginseng protects gastric mucosa.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective mechanism of Panax notoginseng on the gastric mucosal injury induced by water immersion restraint stress in rats.DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal trial.SETTING: School of Basic Medical Sciences, Daqing Branch of Harbin Medical University.MATERIALS: The study was conducted in the laboratory of Department of Pathophysiology of Harbin Medical University from September 2004 to October 2005. Forty-eight Wistar rats were used, either male or female, weighing 180-230 g.METHODS: The 48 Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups with 8 rats in each group: normal control group, stress model group, cimetidine treatment group, Panax notoginseng of low, middle and high-dose groups (4, 8, 12 mg/time). In the cimetidine treatment group, cimetidine tablets were grinded into powders, then mixed with distilled water to prepare into suspension (1 tablet:10 mL), which was perfused intragastrically (5 mL), 3 times a day; In the Panax notoginseng groups, the powders in Panax notoginseng capsules were mixed with distilled water to prepare into suspension of corresponding concentrations (0.8, 1.6, 2.4 g/L), then administrated the same as those in the cimetidine treatment group. Stress models in rats were established by means of water immersion restraint stress. The gross and pathohistological changes of gastric mucosa were observed, and the activity of superoxide oxidase (SOD) and contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) were determined.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Gross and pathohistological changes of gastric mucosa;②Changes of MDA and NO contents and SOD activity in the homogenate of gastric mucosa.RESULTS: All the 48 rats were involved in the analysis of results. The gastric mucosal hemorrhage and erosion in the cimetidine treatment group were reduced obviously as compared with those in the stress model group, SOD activity was obviously decreased [(12.61±0.87), (1.03±0.60) mkat/g], whereas the NO content was a little higher [(5.76±1.35), (0.97±0.58) nmol/g]. The MDA content was obviously higher in the stress model group than in the normal control group [(3.10±1.13), (0.09±0.02) μmol/g, P＜0.01]. There were no obvious differences between the Panax notoginseng groups and the cimetidine treatment group except that the NO contents were decreased in the in Panax notoginseng groups.CONCLUSION: Gastric mucosal injury induced by water immersion restraint stress can be significantly protected by Panax notoginseng, which is not dose-dependent. The protective mechanism may be associated with that Panax notoginseng can eliminate the product of oxygen-derived free radicals, and it is not totally the same as that of cimetidine

The current situation of the rise in medical expenses is shown through statistics and the causes of the rise are analyzed. These include: ①inevitability of development, such as changes in the spectrum of diseases, use of new technologies and materials, rise in the overall price index, and generally increased needs for medical care; ②restriction of social factors, such as the imperfect medical insurance system, the reduced proportion of input by the government, the irrational medical pricing and compensation, the fictitiously high pricing of drugs and health materials, and the hospital's excessively high operational costs; ③the boosting effect of the "supporting medicine with drugs" policy. Countermeasures are put forward for the government's price control and financial organs, the departments of health administration, and the hospitals.

Deficiency of Qi (healthy energy) and blood stasis are the basic pathological changes of hepatic fibrosis according to the theories of traditional Chinese medicine. Fuzheng Huayu Capsule, a compound Chinese herbal medicine for hepatic fibrosis, is produced in the light of this pathological mechanism. More than a decade of clinical studies and experimental researches show that this medicine has effects of protecting hepatic cells, relieving liver injury, and controlling the development of hepatic fibrosis. It has definite functional mechanisms on anti-hepatic fibrosis. It is a safe and effective medicine for hepatic fibrosis, and deserves to be well introduced to clinic.

Objective To investigate the analgesic effect and the safety assessment of intravenous injection of flurbiprofen axetil and sufentanil combined with epidural morphine for post-cesarean analgesia.Methods One hundred and eighty parturients (ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ) undergoing elective cesarean section with combined spinal and epidural anesthesia were divided into morphine group (group A),sufentanil + morphine group(group B),flurbiprofen axetil+sufentanil+ morphine group(group C) with 60 cases in each group.All patients were used subarachnoid epidural anesthesia,at the end of the surgery,1.5 mg morphine diluted to 5 ml saline was injected into the epidural space of each patient.Additional,group B and group C received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia after cesarean section.Flurbiprofen axetil and sufentanil were diluted to 100 ml with saline.The visual analog scale (VAS) of rest and dynamic incisional pain and uterine contraction pain,Ramsay sedation scale (RSS),and adverse events were recorded at 6,12,24 h after operation.Results At 6,12,24 h after operation,the VAS scores of rest and dynamic incisional pain and uterine contraction pain in group B and group C were statistically lower than those in group A [rest incisional pain:(2.6 ± 0.6),(2.7 ± 0.4),(2.8 ± 0.3)scores in group A; (2.3 ± 0.3),(2.3 ± 0.4),(2.2 ± 0.3) scores in group B; (1.8 ± 0.4),(1.7 ±0.5),(1.9 ±0.4) scores in group C; dynamic incisional pain:(5.7 ±0.9),(5.5 ± 0.8),(5.6 ± 1.0) scores in group A; (3.8 ± 0.4),(3.7 ± 0.5),(3.7 ± 0.4) scores in group B ; (2.7 ± 0.4),(2.4 ± 0.5),(2.4 ± 0.6) scores in group C ; uterine contraction pain:(5.7 ± 1.2),(5.9 ± 0.9),(5.8 ± 1.1) scores in group A; (3.0 ± 0.5),(3.1 ± 0.6),(3.2 ± 0.7)scores in group B; (2.5 ± 0.5),(2.5 ± 0.6),(2.4 ± 0.4) scores in group C],and group C were lower than group B,and there were significant differences (P＜0.05).At 6,12,24 h after operation,Ramsay score in group B and group C was higher than that in group A [(1.8 ± 0.5),(1.7 ± 0.4),(1.9 ± 0.5) scores in group A; (3.4 ± 0.8),(3.2 ± 0.7),(3.3 ± 0.6) scores in group B; (2.7 ±0.7),(2.7 ±0.5),(2.6 ± 0.4)scores in group C],and group C was higher than group B,and there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of adverse events in group A and group C was lower than group B [8.3％(5/60) and 23.3％(14/60) vs.40.0％(24/60)],and group A was lower than group C,and there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).Condusion Intravenous injection of flurbiprofen axetil and sufentanil combined with epidural morphine could perform better analgesic on postoperative incisional and uterine contraction pain after cesarean section and the incidence of adverse events is less than sufentanil combined with morphine.

Objective To evaluate the effects of sitagliptin on blood glucose,blood pressure,blood lip and carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) in metabolic syndrome patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods The clinical data were collected for 64 cases of inpatient and outpatient patients with metabolic syndrome with type 2 diabetes.Those patients included anti-diabetes native patients and patients only used the stable metformin dose.After signed off the informed consent form,those patients were randomized to the sitagliptin treatment group or original treatment group,and the metabolic index and carotid artery intima-media thickness were evaluated after 24 weeks treatment.Results The body mass index (BMI),waist circumference (WC),fasting plasma glucose (FPG),triglycerides (TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),glycated hemoglobin a1c (HbA1c),and carotid artery IMT in two groups were comparable at baseline.After 12 weeks treatment,the FPG,TG,DBP,and HbA1c in the sitagliptin group were significantly better than original treatment group and the baseline,while there was no different between two groups in other index.After 24 weeks treatment,the FPG,TG,HDL-C,DBP,HbA1c,and carotid artery IMT in the sitagliptin group were significantly better than original treatment group and the baseline.Conclusions Sitagliptin presents the functions of lowering blood pressure,adjusting blood lipid,and protecting vascular endothelial in addition to lowering blood glucose.