BACKGROUND:Researches on establishing restenosis models in rats emphasize the importancc of 2.0 Forgarty balloon catheter import,but little has been mentioned about domestic-made balloon catheter.OBJECTIVE:To explore the characteristics of vessel restenosis model by denuding arterial endothelium with domestic-made 2.0 Forgarty balloon catheter in rats.DESIGN:A randomized controlled animal experiment.SETTING:Laboratory of Pathophysiology,Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.MATERIALs:This study was performed at the Laboratory of Pathophysiology,Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between September 2006 and January 2007.Healthy male SD rats,weighing 300-350 g,were selected.The protocol was performed in accordance with ethical guidelines for the use and care of animals.Domestic-made 2.0 Forgarty balloon catheters were made of balloons and catheters.Proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),collagen I,and SM α-actin immunohistochemical staining kits were provided by Wuhan Boster Bioengineering Co.,Ltd,China.METHODS:The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:sham-operated group(n=5),7th day model group(n=4),14th day model group(n=5),and 21st day model group(n=4).The vessel restenosis models were established in the latter 3 groups by denuding arterial endothelium with domestic-made balloon catheter in rats.In the sham-operated group,rats were without insertion of balloon catheter.Injured thoracic aortas were taken out for HE staining to observe histological changes of vascular intima.At the meantime,expressions of SM α-actin,PCNA and collagen I were determined by immunohistochemical method in each group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Histological changes of intima at the thoracic aorta as well as expressions of SM α-actin,PCNA and collagen I.RESULTS:Eighteen rats were included in the final analysis.The aortal vascular walls remained integrity without narrowness of the lumen areas and proliferation of the endothelium,vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs)ranged regularly in the mesolamella in the sham-operated group.The endothelium had little proliferation in the 7th day model group.The intima thickened and the area of lumen became narrow in the 14th day model group.The intimal hyperplasia was diffusive and progressive which mainly included VSMCs,the area of lumen narrowed markedly and cells ranged disorderly in mesolamella in the 21st day model group.In the 14th day model group,PCNA level was higher compared to the remaining 3 groups(P＜0.01).SM α-actin level were significantly higher in the 14th and 21st day model groups than in the sham-operated group and 7th day model group(both P＜0.01).There were no significant differences in collagen I among the groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Vascular intima hyperplasia appeared markedly 14-21 days after domestic-made balloon catheter-induced rat aorta injury.The results suggested that intima hyperplasia is mainly induced by proliferation of VSMCs.

Objective　To study the mucosa immune responses of gastric and intestinal mucosa in Balb／c mice administered orally with Hp sonicate and mucosal adjuvant（LT）．Methods　The changes of antigen specific AFC in gastric and intestinal mucosa were detected by ELISPOT assay． Results　The numbers of sIgA and IgG AFC rise significantly in PP and gastric mucosa， especially the numbers of sIgA-AFC， significant differences were observed between two immunized groups and the control． Conclusions　Locally synthesized specific sIgA antibodies contribute to immunity against gastric helicobacter infection．

The advent of human infections with avian influenza A(H7N9)and the emerging communicable disease has brought us profound thoughts on lemology teaching recently. We analyzed the exiting challenges of lemology teaching, including great changes in communicable diseases com-posing but limited class hours, decreasing of communicable diseases cases, medical students' psycho-logical apprehension, lack of teachers, more and more requirements in the prevention and treatment for communicable diseases from the public, etc. Several suggestions on how to further improve the lemology teaching quality were proposed including adjusting the curriculum arrangement, paing atten-tion to accumulate teaching cases, applying multi-media materials, taking full advantage of the teach-ing cases from specialized hospital, teaching students knowledge about themselves protection, improv-ing the quality of young teachers, emphasizing discipline characteristics and the importance of public health, reforming the teaching method and promoting the effect of teaching in communicable diseases.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical expression in 8 cases with synchronous occurrence of digestive tract cancer and GIST. Methods Clinical and pathologic data of 8 out of 70 cases of GIST coexisted with gastrointestinal cancer were recorded, and immunohistochemical stain ( Envision method) was used to detect the expressions of CD117, CD34 ,Vimenlin etc. Results In 8 cases of GIST (4 benign, 3 borderline, 1 malignant) coexisted with GI carcinoma, of which 6 cases featured the simultaneous occurrence of GIST and adenocarcinomas (5 cases in slomach and 1 case in colon) , whereas the other 2 cases associated with squamus cell carcinoma of esophagus. In 4 cases, tumors arose from the same organ, in the other 4 cases they developed from different sites of digestive tract. In all of the cases two kinds of neoplasms were developed in different areas without any connection, preoperative endoscopy and biopsy showed adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinoma, but histologic and clinical diagnosis of coexisted tumors were not achieved in any case. All GIST expressed Vimentin and CD34; 7 cases expressed CD117; 2 cases were focally positive for S-100 protein and 1 each for SMA and Desmin. Conclusion The simultaneous occurrence of epithelial tumor and GIST in digestive tract is not less than that usually expected, in clinical practice we should pay much attention on the diagnosis of this entity. Endoscopic biopsy conjugated with profound inspection during operation and pathological examination of specimen postoperatively can improve the possibility of early diagnosis.

Objective To observe the changes of serum endotoxin and interleukin-6 level before and after treatment at intestine get rid of filth and adjustment intestine microenviroment in patients with advanced stage liver cirrhosis and to oberserve the incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP) and to research a method that can more efficient reduce the incidence of SBP.Methods Group A was given conventional treatment such as protection liver,supplement human albumin and uragogue;goup B was given FPA 0 2g tid po,continuous three days on the basis of two weeks conventional treatment,group C was given Tab comfort get 0 5g tid po,Changtai orally taken liquid,10ml tid po,lactulose 10ml tid po, for all 8 weeks,on the basis of group B treatment after pausing use FPA.Results Serum endotoxin and interleukin-6 levels in group A was not significantly changes after treatment,,SBP incidence was higher than both group B and group C;at group B,serum endotoxin and interleukin-6 levels decline,SBP incidence significantly drop afer treatment,at group C,serum endotoxin,interleukin-6 level and SBP incidence significantly drop,the difference was significant at statistics as compared with group A and B.Conclusions The treatment at intestine get rid of filth and adjustment intestine microenviroment can effectively reduce serum endotoxin and interleukin-6 levels and can significantly reduce the incidence of SBP.

Background and purpose:Chemotherapy is the important way of breast cancer treatment, but the drug-resistance has attracted special attention. The emergence of drug resistance is closely related to the abnormal enhancement of DNA-damage repair. Both Kif4A and PARP-1 are important molecules of DNA repair. The research investigated the function of Kif4A in epirubicin up-regulating the activity of PARP-1 in breast cancer cells and possible significance. Methods:Western blot was used to detect the expression of Kif4A and PARP-1 after treatment with epirubicin in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells; the expression of PARP-1 and its activity were detected after high expression of Kif4A and treatment with epirubicin;FCM was used to detect cell apoptosis after treatment with epirubicin combined with PARP-1 inhibitor 3-ABA. Results:Epirubicin up-regulated PARP-1 activity and induced low expression of Kif4A in breast cancer cells, both of them showed dose-dependent and time-dependent. After high expression of Kif4A, the activity of PARP-1 was inhibited and the apoptosis of cells increased, epirubicin partially reversed the activity of PARP-1 inhibited by high Kif4A expression. Both of epirubicin and 3-ABA induced cell apoptosis, combination of them further increased cell apoptosis compared with alone used (P<0.05). The results also showed the apoptosis rate of MDA-MB-231 cells induced by epirubicin, PARP-1 inhibitor 3-ABA and high expression Kif4A was higher than that of MCF-7 cells (P<0.05). Conclusion:Epirubicin increases the activity of PARP-1 dependent on the low expression of Kif4A in breast cancer cells. Kif4A might become a novel target for overcoming resistance of epirubicin.

To understand the pyrolysis mechanism of lignin with α-O-4 linkage, 4-(3-hydroxy-1-phenoxypropyl)-phenol was selected as an α-O-4 type lignin dimer model compound, and its pyrolysis process was studied by density functional theory with M06-2X method at 6-31+G (d,p) level. Equilibrium geometries of the reactant, intermediates, transition states and products were fully optimized. The activation energies in each pyrolysis pathway were calculated. The dimer decomposed mainly through the homolytic cleavage and concerted decomposition of the C(α)-O linkage. Pyrolytic products mainly included various phenolic compounds such as phenol, 4-methylphenol, 4-vinylphenol and p-coumaryl alcohol, as well as light compounds such as ethanol, methanol and formaldehyde. Pyrolytic depolymerization process has its potential in biomass-based fuels.
Biofuels ; Biomass ; Cresols ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Formaldehyde ; chemistry ; Hot Temperature ; Lignin ; chemistry ; Methanol ; chemistry ; Phenols ; chemistry ; Propionates ; chemistry

Objective To investigate whether the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD) can independently increase the risk of cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes .Methods The cardiovascular endpoints were observed after 5 years follow up for fat liver group (46 cases, patient with fat liver and with diabetes more than 10 years), non-fatty liver group (50 cases, patients without fatty liver disease and with diabetes more than 10 years), and normal glucose group (46cases, patient with NAFLD and with normal glucose) in the same demographic characteristics.Results ⑴ Patient status before enrollment: The body mass index (BMI), and blood glucose levels in fat liver group and non-fatty liver group were higher than normal glucose group , while the high-density lipopro-tein cholesterol ( HDL-C) was lower than normal glucose group ( P <0.05 ) .There is no significant difference among three groups in blood pressure and triglyceride ( TG) level ( P >0.05 ) .⑵After 5 years observation:The BMI , blood glucose , and TG levels in fat-ty liver disease group were significant higher than other two groups , while the HDL-C was lower than other two groups .The glucose control level of fat liver group was higher than normal glucose group ( P <0.05 ) .⑶After 5 years observation:The incidence of cardi-ovascular events of fat liver group was higher than other two groups ( P <0.05 ) .There is no significant difference between the normal glucose group and non-fatty liver group in the incidence of cardiovascular events ( P >0.05 ) .Conclusions NAFLD can independent-ly increase the risk of cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes.

Objective To evaluate the effects of sitagliptin on blood glucose,blood pressure,blood lip and carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) in metabolic syndrome patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods The clinical data were collected for 64 cases of inpatient and outpatient patients with metabolic syndrome with type 2 diabetes.Those patients included anti-diabetes native patients and patients only used the stable metformin dose.After signed off the informed consent form,those patients were randomized to the sitagliptin treatment group or original treatment group,and the metabolic index and carotid artery intima-media thickness were evaluated after 24 weeks treatment.Results The body mass index (BMI),waist circumference (WC),fasting plasma glucose (FPG),triglycerides (TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),glycated hemoglobin a1c (HbA1c),and carotid artery IMT in two groups were comparable at baseline.After 12 weeks treatment,the FPG,TG,DBP,and HbA1c in the sitagliptin group were significantly better than original treatment group and the baseline,while there was no different between two groups in other index.After 24 weeks treatment,the FPG,TG,HDL-C,DBP,HbA1c,and carotid artery IMT in the sitagliptin group were significantly better than original treatment group and the baseline.Conclusions Sitagliptin presents the functions of lowering blood pressure,adjusting blood lipid,and protecting vascular endothelial in addition to lowering blood glucose.

Objective To investigate the development of rat heart and the expressions of TGF-?1,SMAD4 and Bax protein to detect the location and mechanism of action in different developmental periods of rat heart. Methods Histology and immunohistochemistry of rat embryonic hearts from day11 to day19(E11～E19) in paraffin-embedded were used to analyze the heart development and TGF-?1,SMAD4 and Bax protein expressions. Results The muscular part of interventricular septum appeared on E12.5,and the partition of the ventricle finished on E16.The positive expression of TGF-?1 can be seen in the rat embryonic heart during E11～E19.The positive staining was increased to E15 and then declined significantly.The expression of SMAD4 was enhanced gradually and the positive signals were strong on E17,and a spatial difference was found in the expression on E13.The expression peaks of the Bax protein appeared on E15 then subsided to a stable.Conclusion The critical period of cardiac muscle cell differentiation and heart moulding was E15.TGF-?1,Smad4 and Bax protein play important roles during the development of rat embryonic heart.