Objective To investigate the effect of non-restrictive external stent on both cell proliferation of rabbit vein grafts and prevention from hyperplasia of the grafts' neointima. Methods 36 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups, each animal was subjected to a reversed autologous venous graft between external jugular vein and common carotid artery. In stenting group (group S), the vein grafts were surrounded by a 6 mm in diameter non-restrictive stent, and in non-stenting group (group NS), there is no stent to support the vein grafts. The grafts were harvested 1 week (1W), 2 weeks (2W) and 4 weeks (4W) after surgery, respectively. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain, ?-smooth muscle actin (?-SMA) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunocytochemistry stain. PCNA index was calculated in intima, media and adventitia, respectively. Results (1) HE staining: From 1W to 4W, the hyperplasia of intima and media appeared gradually in both group S and group NS, nevertheless such hyperplasia in group S was lessintense than in group NS. (2) ?-SMA staining: Almost all cells in media were positive, but few cells were positive in intima of both groups at 1W; the thickness of intima of both groups increased gradually, and almost all cells except endothelial cells were positive in intima in both groups, though the thickness of intima of group S was smaller than in group NS at 2W and 4W. (3) PCNA index: the index of intima in both two groups peaked at 2W, and the index of intima in group S was less than in group NS at 2W and 4W, P

0.05; at 14 d,28 d, the thickness and area of the intiam in group S were smaller than those in group NS,P

The minimally invasive approach is the direction of cardiac surgery.With the development of telemanipulation and computer technology,the minimally robotic surgery has become reality.As the one of the most minimally invasive cardiac surgery,the robotic surgical system provides cardiac surgeons with less invasive manner and dexterity manipulation.Robotic cardiac surgery is an evolutionary process and has resulted in a substantial increased attention to surgeons and patients.This review is to introduce the recent clinical application of robotic technology in cardiac surgery.

Fractures of the femoral head (FFH) are mainly seen in young adults,and the majority mechanism is due to dashboard injury in crushing vehicles.FFH can be present with or without posterior dislocation of the hip joint.Except for periarticular pain and hip dysfunction,the typical signs include flexion,adduction and internal rotation of the hip and shortening of involved limb.CT and MRI get their popularity as diagnostic methods for FFH.An emergency open reduction should be indicated in the scenario of failed closed reduction in FFH with posterior dislocation,of FFH with femoral neck fractures,of unmatched head and acetabulum following closed reduction and of deteriorating sciatic nerve damage.Pipkin as well as Brumback classification is still the most popularly used methods,which have great significance for establishment of surgical strategy and prediction of prognosis.More and more clinical evidences show conservative care of FFH should only be indicated for non-displaced fractures or displacement less than 2 mm.These cases must meet the following criteria simultaneously,including stable hip joint,concentric head and acetabulum,no free fractured fragments in the joint space and no labrum entrapment.Operative care is naturally the treatment of choice.Surgical approaches for FFH are hot topics in recent years.In previous control studies to compare Kocher-Langenbeck (K-L) and Smith-Peterson (S-P) approach,it is revealed less operative time,less blood loss and better operative field you can get in S-P approach,however,the incidence of ectopic ossification is higher.Ganz approach,which is characterized by osteotomy of great trochanter,hip capsulotomy and surgical dislocation of the hip,is a novel pattern for operative care of FFH.Ganz approach can show the entire femoral head,while can not damage medial femoral circumflex artery (MFCA) and induce iatrogenic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).Various screws are the main implants for the fixation of fractured femoral head.Osteoarthritis and ONFH are two principal complications following FFH,which not only closely associate with severity and mechanism of primary injury,but also correlate with reduction quality and iatrogenic factors.Artificial hip joint replacement is a rational choice for extremely comminuted femoral head and these FFH in the elderly.

Objective To observe the distribution of different ventricular myocardial band segment's in different echocardiogram sectiones. Methods 5 swine hearts, 5 ox hearts and 5 sheep hearts were dissect to the ventricular myocardial band structure by the standard anatomy method. After the demarcation line of each segment of ventricular myocardial band was defined, they were dyed with different colors and then were recovered into the state before dissecting. At last, they were cut open according to different echocardiogram sectiones. Results With relative stabile anatomy methods, all hearts presented to be a unique integrate myocardial band,with two loops, the basic loop and apical loop, and four segments. At different echocardiogram sectiones, the left ventricle is formed by three muscular strata, while the right ventricle is formed by only one muscular strata. Conclusion The distribution of different ventricular myocardial band segments in different echocanliogram sectiones is significantly different.

To review the experience in surgical management of cor triatriatum, fourteen patients underwent open heart surgery under hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) from 1986 to 2001 for their cor triatiatum were studied retrospectively. The mean age of the patients was 6 6 years, with a range of 1 to 26 years. Eight patients were men and six were women. Eleven cases were diagnosed by two dimensioned echo cardiography with colour Dopplar imaging. Eleven patients with complete cor triatriatum were operate on enlarging ASD, resecting the fiboromuscular membrane and patching ASD and one patient with incomplete cor triatriatum were operated on through similar techniques and the associated abnormalities were corrected at a time. Nine patients were followed up after surgery from 5 months to 15 years, no patient died and had salutary results. It suggested that two dimensional echo cardiography with colour Doppler imaging can diagnose this condition accurately, surgical treatment of cor triatriatum was satisfactory in longterm follow up.

65mmHg. Sufficient blood products might be indicated when there was excessive oozing. Anticoagulant was not necessary. Two patients died of perioperative myocardial infarction and one of allergic shock to protamine. An incidence of postoperative complications as low as 2 2% (5/225) was obtained. Five patients were found to have various postoperative complications, which were completely cured. All the rest patients were uneventful, and they were discharged after (3 0?2 6) days of stay in the ICU and (8 2?1 5) days after the operation. Therefore, it is our belief that comprehensive and careful postoperative management is essential to achieve excellent results.

Objective To study the changes in protease and cytokines,and to evaluate the protective effect of ulinastatin on ischemia-reperfusion lung injury in rabbits.Methods Thirty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups(n=10): control group,traumatic hemorrhagic shock group(shock group) and ulinastatin-treated group.Blood samples were taken at four time points: pre-shock,post-shock,as well as 2h and 4h after blood volume repleshment.The serum levels of TNF-? and IL-8 were measured.4h after blood volume repleshment,the rabbits were sacrificed.The activity of myeloperoxidase(MPO) in lung tissue and neutrophil elastase(NE) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were determined.Results In control group,the serum concentrations of TNF-? and IL-8 showed no obvious changes during the experiment.While in shock group and ulinastatin-treated group,the serum concentrations of TNF-? and IL-8 increased significantly in the duration of experiment compared with the values before shock(P

0.05). While the significant differences existed between postoperative hypoxemia group and non-hypoxemia group (P

0.05). The levels of PT, APTT, TT were longer and INR was higher and FB, PTA were lower in two groups at the end of operation than at the preoperative day (P0.05). CCABG group was higher than OPCABG group in Allogeneic blood transfusion (P