Objective:To study the effect of different dosage of tamoxifen (TAM) on the morphological change of experimental mammary hyperplasia.Methods:The animal model of mammary hyperplasia of Wistar rats was induced with estradiol and progesterone. One hundred and eighty female Wistar rats were selected randomly into group A (control group ) , group B (model control group), group C (166.7 ?g dosage of TAM),group D(333?g dosage of TAM) ,group E(500?g dosage of TAM),and group F(667?g dosage of TAM) and fed for 2 months.Samples of breasts were collected and observed under light microscope and electronmicroscope.Results:For light microscope observation :there were obvious difference between premedication and postmedication in group E and F, respectively ( P 0. 05), implying that 500 ?g dosage and 667 ?g dosage of TAM had obvious inhibitory effect on mammary hyperplasia under light microscope.Conclusion:Through light microscope and electronmicroscope observation,TAM especially 500?g and 667?g dosage proves to have obvious inhibitory effect on mammary hyperplasia induced by estradiol and progesterone.

Objective:To investigate the effect of interventional therapy in patients with advanced breast cancer.Methods:According to Seldinger method, catheter was put into the opening of subclavian artery and thoracic internal artery through subcutaneous femoral artery puncture, then anti-cancer agents were given and recent response of the lumps was observed.Results:Thirty-one cases of advanced breast cancer received interventional therapy.Complete response (CR) was 9.68% (3/31),partial response (PR) was 83.87%(22/31),and total response rate RR(CR+PR) was 93.55%.Conclusion:Interventional therapy is effective for treating local advanced breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the effect of transarterial infusion ( TAI) chemotherapy on estrogen receptor ( ER) and progesterone receptors ( PR) expression in breast carcinoma tissue. Methods Samples of 81 patients with breast carcinoma were selected in this study. ER and PR mRNAs levels in the samples were determined by RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry was employed to measure ER and PR expressions in different samples before and after TAI chemotherapy. Western blotting was used to assay ER and PR proteins level in the samples before and after the chemotherapy. Results RT-PCR results indicated that ER mRNA level was increased in 43 cases ( 53. 1% ) and PR level in 33 cases ( 40. 7% ) . Meanwhile,both ER and PR mRNAs levels were increased in 25 cases ( 30. 9% ) . Immunohistochemistry results showed that ER level was up-regulated in 35cases ( 43. 2% ) ,and PR level in 21 cases ( 26. 0% ) . Both ER level and PR level were up-regulated in 16 out of 81 cases( 19. 8% ) . Western blotting also suggested that the both proteins levels of ER and PR were up-regulated in some patients after the chemotherapy. Conclusion Transarterial infusion neoadjuvant chemotherapy affects the mRNA and protein level of the hormone receptors,which facilitates the subsequent killing effect of chemotherapy on tumor cells. ER and PR expressions should be determined after the transarterial infusion chemotherapy,which might provide a guide for the subsequent treatment and prognosis.

AIM:To investigate the influence and mechanisms of human pancreatic cancer tumor microenvironments on T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) expression and function of dendritic cells (DCs).METHODS:Tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (TIDC) and para-carcinoma tissue DCs were isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque density centrifugation from trypsinized pancreatic carcinoma tissues, and the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from pancre-atic cancer patients or healthy people.The expression of TIM-3 on DCs was detected by flow cytometry.DCs isolated from healthy people peripheral blood mononuclear cells were induced by rhGM-CSF and IL-4.The expression of TIM-3 in the DCs treated with the culture supernatants of Capan-2, SW1990 and Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cells or human skin fibroblast (Hs27) cells for 48 h, and in the DCs treated with supernatants of Capan-2 cells, anti-VEGF-R2, anti-IL-10 and EP2 re-ceptor blocking peptide were evaluated by flow cytometry.The releases of IFN-βand IL-12 in the culture supernatants of DCs pretreated with monoclonal antibody ( mAb) to TIM-3 or DNase+RNase, followed by stimulation with apoptotic Ca-pan-2 cells, were detected by ELISA.RESULTS:DCs in tumor microenvironments had higher expression of TIM-3 than the DCs from para-carcinoma tissues and pancreatic cancer patient or healthy people peripheral blood ( P<0.01 ) .TIM-3 expression in the DCs treated with the culture supernatants of Capan-2, SW1990 and Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cells for 48 h was much higher than that in Hs27 cells (P<0.05).Treatment with a combination of anti-VEGF-R2, anti-IL-10 and EP2 receptor blocking peptide largely diminished the upregulation of TIM-3 on the DCs mediated by Capan-2 cell superna-tants (P<0.05).The concentrations of IFN-βand IL-12 in the DCs with high expression level of TIM-3 were lower than those in the DCs with low TIM-3 expression level.Treatment with mAb to TIM-3 resulted in much more IFN-βand IL-12 releases (P<0.01), but DNase+RNase made this effect disappear.CONCLUSION:TIM-3 serves as a negative regula-tor of DCs innate immune responses in the pancreatic cancer microenvironments.The secretion of soluble factors to tumor microenvironment by pancreatic cancer cells, including IL-10, VEGF and PGE2 , may contribute to the regulation of TIM-3 expression.

Objective:To analyze the clinical features of latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA) in adults among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to explore whether LADA diagnostic models can be established based on this.Methods:From May 2016 to January 2017, 302 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM in the outpatient and inpatient department of metabolism and endocrinology of Yueyang Central Hospital were analyzed. All of them were tested for glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA). According to the consensus of the Chinese Medical Association Diabetes Association (CDS) LADA diagnosis and treatment, they were divided into LADA group (18 cases) and T2DM group (284 cases). The general clinical data and clinical biochemical indexes of the two groups were analyzed; Multiple linear regression method was used to evaluate the feasibility of establishing LADA diagnostic model.Results:⑴ Compared with patients in the T2DM group, the patients in the LADA group had a younger age of onset, and " three more and one less" symptoms were more common ( P<0.05); the weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), triglycerides (TG), fasting C peptide (FCP), postprandial 2 h C peptide (2 h-CP), modified islet function index HOMA-islet (CP-DM), and modified insulin resistance index HOMA-IR (CP) in the LADA group were all lower, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and HbA1c were higher ( P<0.05). ⑵ the linear regression method was used to analyze the multicollinearity of patients in LADA group and T2DM group. The biochemical indexes with statistically significant difference were selected as independent variables through correlation analysis, and the GADA value was used as dependent variable. The statistical results showed that the independent variables could not fully meet the conditions of multicollinearity regression analysis. Conclusions:⑴ Related clinical features and glucose metabolism indicators have differential diagnosis significance for LADA, but this study cannot be used for multiple linear regression analysis, and it is difficult to establish a diagnostic model for LADA. ⑵ LADA diagnosis is a comprehensive diagnosis, which should be combined with the results of islet autoantibody and clinical features.