By analyzing repeated judicial expertise cases of illegal practice,we find it a serious threat to patients' health and safety,and more deep-seated reasons for illegal medical practice of medicine are discovered as follows.Investigators and expertise staff have to face legal,ethical,social and other factors when judging the relationship between illegal medical practice and adverse consequences(patient injury or death),which are quite worth exploration in depth to clear up the complicated relationships.

We report a case of congenital accessory scrotum and pseudodiphallia with perineal lipoma. A 7-month-old boy was admitted to Xiamen Children's Hospital for a postnatal perineal mass. Physical examination found a mass of 4 cm×4 cm between the scrotum and anterior edge of the anus, with pigmented and wrinkled skin resembling the scrotum without a testicle. There was also a penis-like swelling on the surface of the mass without a urethral orifice. The penis and scrotum with bilateral testis were normal, as were the other organs. The patient's chromosome was 46,XY. Perineal ultrasound, MRI, and voiding cystourethrogram indicated no association between the mass and the penis, urethra, rectum, and anus. A resection of the mass and penis-like swelling and perineoplasty was performed because the normal penis was found to rotate clockwise about 90 degrees during the operation. The pathology showed that the masses were accessory scrotum and lipoma and the penile-like swelling was a pseudodiphallia without corpus cavernosum. Congenital accessory scrotum and pseudodiphallia with a perineal lipoma are rare. It is essential to clarify the anatomical relationship between the mass and genitourinary tract or anorectum before operation.

Background: With the development of endoscopic diagnosis technology, the detection rate of multiple primary gastric cancer is increasing. Aims: To explore the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the treatment of synchronous multiple primary early gastric cancer (SMPEGC). Methods: Fifteen consecutive patients with SMPEGC treated with ESD from March 2018 to December 2019 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University were collected. Clinical features and outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. The risk of lymph node metastasis was evaluated according to the eCura system. Results: In 15 patients, 32 lesions were resected and 31 specimens were obtained. Thirteen patients underwent simultaneous resection of multiple primary gastric lesions, and 2 patients underwent staged resection. The operation time of ESD was (138.80±58.06) minutes, the length of hospital stay was (11.47±4.63) days, the lesion diameter was (1.30±1.15) cm, the en bloc resection rate was 100% and the curative resection rate was 71.9%. Postoperative complications occurred in 2 patients. According to the eCura system, the risk of lymph node metastasis was low in the 4 patients with non-curative resection. Three months after the operation, no local residual or recurrence was found in 10 patients. Conclusions: ESD is a feasible choice for the treatment of SMPEGC. The length of hospital stay and overall medical costs can be reduced by resection multiple lesions in one operation. For patients with risk factors of complications, one-time surgical resection should be avoided. The risk of lymph node metastasis is not the same for all the patients with non-curative resection. Maybe the eCura system can better evaluate the risk of lymph node metastasis and provide individualized treatment strategy.