Objective To explore the correlated factors and clinical features of cognitive impariment in parkinson's disease (PD).Methods A total of 419 patients with PD were collected from Xiangya Hospital of Centre-South University during Mar 1st,2017 to Nov 30th,2017.The cognitive functions of patients were assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE),and the basic information and the motor symptoms of 419 PD patients were selected at the same time.The PD patients were classified into three groups according to the MMSE score:PD with no cognitive impairment (PD-NC),mild cognitive impairment in PD (PD-MCI),and Dementia in PD (PD-D).The data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0.Results There were 156 patients with PD-MCI (37.2％) and 64 patients with PD-D (15.3％).The difference of sex and disease duration among three groups were not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).The significant difference was found among PD-D,PD-MCI,and PD-NC groups in age of onset,age,educational attainment,Unified Parkinson's disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)-Ⅱ score,UPDRS-Ⅲ score and Hoehn-Yahr stage (P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences among three groups in MMSE score and its items (P ＜ 0.01).Logistics regression analysis found that the age of onset,educational attainment,and Hoehn-Yahr stage were the risk factors of cognitive impairment in PD patients (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Cognitive impairment is common in PD patients,and it is relevant to the age of onset,educational attainment and the severity of illness of PD patients.

An analysis of typical cases of the incentive-restraint mechanism in the development of medical alliances in China , discovered a number of problems as follows .These include poor top-level system design, delayed reform of the medical insurance payment system , poor performance of the two-way referral system, insufficient human resources and their unreasonable distribution , shortage of a performance appraisal and salary incentive system, and low patient support.In this regard, this paper put forward policy recommendations on the pathway to carry out the incentive and constraint mechanism of medical alliances , in terms of such aspects as top-level system design , medical insurance system , personnel and remuneration system, and two-way referral system .

Objective To scientifically assess the degree of " overwork" and its influencing factors of doctors and nurses at county hospitals. Methods Six county hospitals were selected as the research objects. Descriptive analysis, chi-square test and ordered multi-class regression were used to analyze the degree of " overwork" and its influencing factors of doctors and nurses. Results 48. 3％ (156 / 323)of the doctors at these hospitals were working more than 60 hours per week. Work hours per week of the doctors were significantly longer than those of the nurses. At the same time, the workload of doctors based on the fatigue self-assessment scale was also significantly higher than that of the nurses, while 61. 9％ (200 / 323) of the doctors were exposed to a very high workload, and so were 33. 3％ (118 / 354) of the nurses. There were significant differences in the workload of doctors and nurses in terms of their gender, age, education level, seniority and number of children. And the work hours per week were an important factor affecting the workload of doctors and nurses. Conclusions We should formulate a reasonable work hours for doctors and nurses, especially focusing on young and middle-aged doctors.

Objective To explore the utilization of the basic medical insurance and the influence of age factors on the medical expenses of the retirees. Methods Descriptive statistics and variance analysis were used to analysis the 265 426 medical service use records of the retirees in Y city in 2016. Results Increase of age pushes up the utilization rate of retirees for hospitalization services and reduces the service utilization of chronic disease outpatient clinics. In total, the medical expenses are concentrated in the age of 60-70, and the total medical cost of the population decreases with age. The per-capita medical expenses of different age groups were different, the greater the age the higher the average.Conclusions The change of the disease spectrum such as higher incidence of chronic diseases poses a new challenge to the medical service system. Aging will continue to pressurize the medical security system. It is urgent to establish a healthcare system centering on the elderly and a sound medical insurance system.