Abstract Compared with normal children, leftbehind children who experience parent child separation receive less care and attention from their parents, and are more likely to have cognitive and behavioral adaptation problems, thus leading to an elevated risk of depression. The study systematically examines the effects of parent child separation type, separation duration and separation age on depression among left-behind children. Attachment theory, interpersonal relationship, theory attribution theory and behavior theory have been used to explain how parentchild separation influences depression among left-behind children, so as to provide reference for relevant research and mental health education for left-behind children.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a cell culture system of marginal cells(MCs) of the adult rat cochlea stria vascularis. METHOD: The cochlea strial vascularised were isolated under a dissecting microscopy as explants, then culture in vitro to get the monolayer epithelial cells. Immunocytochemistry method and transmission electron microscopy could be used to identify the origin and characterization of the cultured cells. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of IsK, an unique marker of MCs. RESULT: When grown on plastic dishes, cultured MCs showed a polygonal "cobblestone-like" appearance and dome formation, composed of several hundreds to thousands of cells. The characterized microvilli on the cultured MCs surface could be seen under the TEM. For immunochemistry, over 95% of the cultured cells showed positive reaction to cytokeratin antigen. RT-PCR detected the expression of the mRNA of IsK protein in the cultured cells. CONCLUSION The results show that a cell culture system of cochlear strial marginal cells of adult rat has been successfully established which can provide a stable source of MCs for ongoing physiological, biochemical and molecular characterization.
Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cell Division ; Female ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stria Vascularis ; cytology

Objective To study the clinical characteristics of the Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH ) of the temporal bone in children .Methods A total of 14 children with LCH of the temporal bone at Wuhan Children's Hospital were retrospectively reviewed from June 2011 to December 2016 .The clinical data ,imaging findings ,diag-nosis ,treatment and prognosis were studied .The correlation between clinical classifications and prognosis was also analyzed .Among the 14 patients ,5 were girls and 9 were boys .Eight cases were the single system group (3 cases as the single temporal bone ,5 case as the multifocality ) ,and 6 case as the multisystem group .Results The most common clinical characteristics of LCH were temporal tumors ,otorrhea ,otalgia ,hearing loss and the granulation of external auditory canals .The followed-up was for 1～5 years .Four cases were regressive ,l case kept stable ,while 2 cases showed progressive .The prognosis in the multisystem group was significantly worse than the single system group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The most of temporal bone LCH involves the single system ,while temporal tumor and otorrhea are common as the first signs of temporal bone LCH .The imaging examination remains as the major di-agnosis method .The differential diagnosis focuses on the common ear infection and otic neoplasms .The diagnosis is based on histological and immunophenotypic examination of the lesion tissue .The prognosis of the single system group is much better than the multisystem group .

Objective:To investigate the current situation of the use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for portal hypertension, which should aid the development of TIPS in China.Methods:The China Portal Hypertension Alliance (CHESS) initiated this study that comprehensively investigated the basic situation of TIPS for portal hypertension in China through network research. The survey included the following: the number of surgical cases, main indications, the development of Early-TIPS, TIPS for portal vein cavernous transformation, collateral circulation embolization, intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurement, commonly used stent types, conventional anticoagulation and time, postoperative follow-up, obstacles, and the application of domestic instruments.Results:According to the survey, a total of 13 527 TIPS operations were carried out in 545 hospitals participating in the survey in 2021, and 94.1% of the hospital had the habit of routine follow-up after TIPS. Most hospitals believed that the main indications of TIPS were the control of acute bleeding (42.6%) and the prevention of rebleeding (40.7%). 48.1% of the teams carried out early or priority TIPS, 53.0% of the teams carried out TIPS for the cavernous transformation of the portal vein, and 81.0% chose routine embolization of collateral circulation during operation. Most of them used coils and biological glue as embolic materials, and 78.5% of the team routinely performed intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurements. In selecting TIPS stents, 57.1% of the hospitals woulel choose Viator-specific stents, 57.2% woulel choose conventional anticoagulation after TIPS, and the duration of anticoagulation was between 3-6 months (55.4%). The limitation of TIPS surgery was mainly due to cost (72.3%) and insufficient understanding of doctors in related departments (77.4%). Most teams accepted the domestic instruments used in TIPS (92.7%).Conclusions:This survey shows that TIPS treatment is an essential part of treating portal hypertension in China. The total number of TIPS cases is far from that of patients with portal hypertension. In the future, it is still necessary to popularize TIPS technology and further standardize surgical indications, routine operations, and instrument application.