Mongolian gerbil is a multifunctional laboratory anima1 resource with Chinese characteristics.It has many advantages for some research fields, and play an important role.The more biological characteristics of Mongolian ger-bils discovered with in-depth research will promote diverse application of this resoure.In this paper, we reviewed the devel-opment of application of Mongolian gerbils in taxonomy, parasitology, microbiology, cerebral ischemia, lipid metabolism, neurological diseases, and cancer researches.

Objective To optimize the scheme of Mongolian gerbil superovulation.Methods Based on the analysis of the animal-week-old, the dose and time interval of hormone, we got the best animal-week-old, dose and time interval of hormone for Mongolian gerbil superovulation.Results The 6 week old female Mongolian gerbils which injected of 10 IU PMSG and followed by 10 IU hCG in 70 hours later could get the best superovulation.We collected eggs at 16 hour after mate with male gerbils.The ovum pick-up rate reached 80%, the number of oocytes were 32.6 ±3.0, the number of the fertilized egg developed to 2-cell are 24.8 ±5.4.Conclusions This study summarizes the optimization scheme of Mongolian gerbil superovulation induced by PMSG and hCG and it supported the foundation for Mongolian gerbils embryo biotechnology.

OBJECTIVE:To compare and analyze the ADR in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2010 edition)(ChPD)and non-phar-macopoeia quality standard drugs(NChPD)and its standard. METHODS:In respective study,ADR reports and drug utilization da-ta in our hospital from 2012 to 2014 were collected and divided into ChPD group and NChPD group,the index differences were an-alyzed. RESULTS:The percentages of reported ADR to product regulation [(0.27 ± 0.10)%] and to drug use frequency [(0.15 ± 0.06)%] in ChPD group were significantly lower than NChPD group [(0.62 ± 0.08)%、(0.32 ± 0.07)%],with statistical signifi-cance (P<0.05). Compared with the percentage of general reported ADR to drug use frequency in NChPD group [(0.44 ± 0.12)%],there was no significant difference in ChPD group [(0.23±0.09)%](P>0.05);the percentage of new severe reported ADR to drug use frequency in ChPD group [(0.04 ± 0.01)%] was significantly lower than NChPD group [(0.27 ± 0.05)%],with statistical significance (P<0.05). And there were no significant differences in indexes in different years (P>0.05). CONCLU-SIONS:Drug quality standards should be payed more attention,from the perspective of which to reduce the incidence of adverse drug reactions. While the drugs introduced to hospital should be strictly controlled and timely adjust the drug structure;the pharma-copoeia standard drugs should be generalized among doctors to reduce ChPD drug reactions and ensure the drug safety.

Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important pathophysiological role in osteoarthritis and cartilage metabolism. To determine the relationship between NO and the synthesis of type II collagen in cartilage, we measured levels of type II collagen by ELISA and procollagen (II) mRNA by RT-PCR in cultured lapine chondrocytes that were incubated with some kinds of reagents. 0.2mM sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor) can release high levels of NO, decreasing type II collagen, suppressing the expression of procollagen (II) mRNA (COL2A1).At the same time, chondrocytes showed a large increase in NO synthesis, a decrease in type II collagen and COL2A1 mRNA in response to 100u/ml IL-1. When 1mg/ml N-nitro-L-arginine methyl easter (NAME, an inhibitor of NO synthase) was mixed with IL-1, NO production was inhibited, the amounts of type II collagen recovered partially and COL2A1 mRNA recovered completely.These data indicate NO can inhibit type II collagen synthesis as IL-1 downstream molecule by suppressing procollagen (II) mRNA.

Objective To determine the expression of cathepsin D (CD), cathepsin H (CH) and cathepsin L (CL) in human primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to investigate their mechanisms. Methods The protein expression of CD, CH and CL in hepatic specimens consisted of control (n = 17), HCC (n = 37) and paracancerous (n = 28) tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. The relative values of CD, CH and CL protein expression were examined with absorbent density analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS11. 5 software. The univariate analysis was used to compare the difference among groups. Results The mean absorbance of CD, CH and CL proteins in HCC tissues (1.21± 0.33, 0. 89 ± 0.22 and 1.16± 0. 25, respectively) were significantly higher in comparison with those in control tissues (0. 19 ± 0. 07, 0. 24 ± 0. 12 and 0. 28 ± 0. 14,respectively) and in paracancerous tissues (0.27±0.13,0. 31± 0.14 and 0. 36±0.15)(all P values =0.0001). Whereas there was no difference between control and paracancerous tissues with respect to CD, CH and CL proteins (P ＞0. 05). Three proteins immunohistochemically appeared as a lot of diffused spots and stripes staining in cytoplasma of HCC tissues,but only a few scatted spots staining was found in control and paracancerous tissues. Conclusion The high expression of CD, CH and CL protein in primary HCC may be important markers for carcinogenesis and malignant progress.

Objective To explore the microneurosurgical technique and prevention of postoper-ative complications for the fourth ventricle tumors in adults. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 68 patients with the fourth ventricle tumors between August 2005 and August 2007 in Xiangya Hospital after microsurgical operation. Tumors were excised by inferior vermis cere-bellar approach or cerebellomedullary fissure approach. The extent of tumor removal should take into consideration the possible injury of brain stem respiratory center, especially tumors adherent to the brain stem. Cerebral aqueduct obstructions were removed in all patients, suspending dura on the neck muscles during closing skull to eliminate scalp hydrops. Results There were 58 total tumor excisions and 10 subtotal tumor excisions. No patient died and no suboccipital hydrops took place before dis-charge in this study. Postoperative symptomatic hydrocephalus was found in 10 patients, but it was cured by ventricle-abdomen shunt. Hemorrhage in tumor lumen happened in 4 patients, who received second microsurgery. Drugs were given to 8 patients with intracranial pneumatocele, 10 with intracra-nial infection, and 18 with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Five patients out of the 16 tracheoto-mies recovered well by mechanical ventilation. Conclusion Protecting the life center of brain stem and dredging the aqueduct outlet completely were the key to surgical success. Therapeutic effect could be improved by adept microneurosurgical techniques after operation. The prognosis of patients may be improved by preventing complications actively and combined therapy after the operation.

Objective To establish a detection technique for H.pylori(HP) infection in Mongolian gerbils using nested PCR technique.Methods H.pylori was cultured in vitro and inoculated into Mongolian gerbils.At the 10th week after infection, the HP in the gastric juice of Mongolian gerbil was detected by conventional PCR assay and the gastric juice, gastric mucosa, duodenal contents and colon stool were examined by nested PCR.Rapid urease test and ELISA were used to analyze the accuracy of the nested PCR assay.All of the PCR products were verified by sequencing.Results The positive rate of gastric juice detected by conventional PCR was 30%, while the positive rates of gastric juice, gastric mucosa, duodenal contents and colon stool detected by nested PCR were 100%, 100%, 90%, and 10%, respectively.The positive detection rates of rapid urease test and serum ELISA were 100% and 0%, respectively.Comparing the results of different methods, both the positive rates of gastric juice and gastric mucosa detected by nested PCR and the detection rate of rapid urease test were 100%, but the results of conventional PCR detection of gastric juice, the nested PCR detection result of stool in colon and of serum ELISA assay were lower than other methods.Conclusions Due to its high accuracy and sensitivity, the nested PCR assay of gastric juice can be used for the long-time detection of H.pylori infection in Mongolian gerbils, especially useful in the experiments of prevention and treatment of H.pylori infection.

Objective To investigate the effect of neutrophil elastase (NE) inhibitor on the blood-brain barrier(BBB) permeabili-ty and hydrocephalus in rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI) .Methods 99 SD rats were randomly divided into the control group , the TBI group and the intervention group(dividing into 5 sub-groups:6 ,24 ,48 ,72 ,168 h) .The hydraulic impact model of rats was duplicated .Sivelestat sodium was given in the intervention group .The NE concentration in the brain tissue ,BBB permeability and brain water content were detected in each group and performed the comparative analysis .Results The NE concentration in the brain tissue ,BBB permeability and brain water content at each timepoint in the TBI group and the intervention groups were higher than those in the control group .The NE concentration at 24 ,48 ,72 ,168 h in the intervention group was lower than that in the TBI group .The BBB permeability and the brain water content at 48 ,72 ,168 h in the intervention group were lower than those in the TBI group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Sivelestat sodium can inhibit the NE release in TBI rat brain tissue ,reduce the BBB permeability and the occurrence of hydrocephalus ,which indicating that sivelestat sodium has the protective effect on TBI secondary lesion in rat .

Aim To investigate effects of chlorzoxazone on survival and apoptosis of HepG2 cells.Methods The necrosis of HepG2 cells was evaluated by measurement of LDH release.The effects of chlorzoxazone on survival of HepG2 cells were assayed by MTT dyereduction.The effects of chlorzoxazone on cell apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL method.The ultrastructure of HepG2 cells was observed by transmission electron microscope.Results Chlorzoxazone at concentrations of 100～500 ?mol?L-1 inhibited survival ratios of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner significantly.Typical apoptotic changes were observed in HepG2 cells under the fluorescence microscope and transmission electron microscope.Apoptosis of HepG2 cells was induced after treatment of chlorzoxazone at concentrations from 100 ?mol?L-1 to 500 ?mol?L-1 for 48h,which showed obvious concentration-effect relationship.The apoptotic ratios of HepG2 cells were also increased when chlorzoxazone(100,200,300 and 500 ?mol?L-1) was treated for 24,48 and 72 h,which showed obvious time-effect relationship.Conclusion Chlorzoxazone inhibited HepG2 cells survival and induced cell apoptosis.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have found that electroacupuncture can delay articular cartilage degeneration mediated by JAK-STAT signaling pathway through upregulating the expression level of transforming growth factor β1 as well as mRNA expression levels of STAT3, Smad3 and LepR. In the meanwhile, electroacupuncture can inhibit the mRNA expression of p38 and Fas mRNA mediated by MAPK signaling pathways, further inhibiting the apoptosis of chondrocytes. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of electroacupuncture on the degeneration of articular cartilage in rats with knee osteoarthritis based on Ras-Raf-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. METHODS:120 male healthy Sprague-Dawley rats aged 2 months olds were selected and randomly divided into normal, model, 15-minite electroacupuncture and 30-minute electroacupuncture groups (n=30 per group). The rats in the latter three groups received the intra-articular injection of 4% papain bilaterally, and the remaining rats received no intervention. At 2 weeks after modeling, the latter two groups were respectively given 15- and 30-minute electroacupuncture, five times weekly for consecutive 12 weeks. The morphology of the cartilage was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, the expression level of interleukin-1β in the synovium was detected by ELISA assay, and the protein expression levels of Ras, Raf, MEK1/2, ERK1/2, C-MYC, C-FOS, and C-JUN were detected by western blot analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that: in the model group, the cartilage surface was rough, the cartilage layer became thinner, and the cartilage structure was damaged with incomplete tidal line; in the 15- and 30-minute electroacupuncture groups, the cartilage structure was complete with clear layers and complete tidal line. ELISA showed that the expression level of interleukin-1β in the model group was significantly higher than that in the normal group (P< 0.01), and the level in the 15- and 30-minute electroacupuncture groups was significantly lower than that in the model group (P < 0.05). Western blot assay found that compared with the normal group, the protein expression levels of Ras, Raf, MEK1/2, ERK1/2, C-MYC, C-FOS, and C-JUN were increased in the model group. However, all above protein levels except ERK1/2 in the 15- and 30-minute electroacupuncture groups were significantly lower than those in the model group (P < 0.01,P < 0.05). To conclude, electroacupuncture inhibits the degeneration of articular cartilage in osteoarthritisvia Ras-Raf-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway and downregulating the expression level of interleukin-1β.