OBJECTIVE To explore the methods and effects of endoscopic nasal structure reshaping for treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS). METHODS One hundred and twenty-three cases of CRS patients with abnormal anatomy in nasal cavity and sinus were treated by the Messerklinger approach. At the same time varieties of anatomical abnormalities were corrected,including:①submucous resection of nasal septum,②submusous middle turbinate resection,③submusous inferior turbinate resection,④Uncinate process resection ⑤deal with frontal recess and its adjacent cells. RESULTS All patients were followedup for 1 to 2 years. One hundred and six cases were successful,14 satisfied and 3 inefficient. The rate of full recovery was 97.56%. CONCLUSION Reshaping nasal structure during endoscopic surgery is a method worth recommendation for structural rhinitis.

OBJECTIVE:To study the change of particles of Chinese medicinal injection added to different kinds of infu-sions fluid before and after filtration.METHODS:Particle analysator was adopted to measure the particles of Xueshuantong injection,Yinzhihuang injection,Yuxingcao injection before and after filtration and30minutes after being mixed with0.9%Sodium Chloride injection,5%glucose injection,and10%glucose injection respectively.RESULTS:The number of particles in all kinds of unfiltered mixture increased significantly while those of filtered ones remarkably decreased.CONCLUSION:It is recommended that when intravenous drip of Chinese medicinal injection in the clinic was used,particles addition should be considered.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility of endoscopic sinus surgery under local anesthesia.METHODS A total of 810 patients underwent endoscopic sinus surgery from January 2000 to December 2007 with complete follow-up data were included in this study.Validity of anesthesia was evaluated using VAS(visual analogous scale).Operation time,bleeding quantity during operation,operation therapeutic efficacy,hospitalization cost and patient's evaluation to the operation were recorded.RESULTS The mean VAS score of local anesthesia was 3.18?0.46.Cases with no pain and mild pain accounted for 78.28%,with moderate pain 16.71%,and with severe pain 5.01%.The average bleeding quantity during operation,operation time,complication incidence,cure rate at 6 months after operation,hospitalization cost,patients' evaluation in local anesthesia were(43.25?27.46)ml,(41.14?9.479) min,1.78%,78%,4000～6000 yuan(RMB),9.28? 2.21 respectively.CONCLUSION For the endoscopic sinus surgery,most cases can be operated under local anesthesia if the indication were selected correctly and the sophisticated skills and advanced instrument were available.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and feasibility of endoscopic surgery to manage the tumors involving naso-ethmoidal complex and anterior skull base.METHODS 19 cases of tumors involving nasal cavity,ethmoid sinus and anterior skull base were summarized retrospectively, including 3 cases of ethmoidal squamous carcinoma, 3 cases of esthesioneuroblastoma,3 cases of melanoma,1 case of plasmocytoma,2 cases of ethmoidal adenocarcinoma,4 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma,2 cases of meningioma.RESULTS Tumors were totally removed in 18 cases and subtotally removed in 1 case,all the cases were followed up for 1 to 3 years.Of the 3 cases of melanoma,1 case died of brain metastases 1 year after surgery,1 case recurred 8 months after surgery,1 case of adenoid cystic carcinoma recurred 17 months after surgery.No recurrence were found in the rest 16 cases during 1-3 years of following-up.CONCLUSION Endoscopic surgery is a effective method for malignant tumors localized in nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus and benign anterior skull base tumors involving nasal cavity and sinuses.Indication must be carefully selected for malignant tumors and postoperative radiotherapy should be advised.

The article introduces the training of basic skill,renovating of the experiment contents,the diversifi cation and abundance in interest of experiment teaching methods of the students of medical laboratory speciality of higher profession.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and unveil the current status of diagnosis and treatments. Methods The registry data from 23 medical centers cover different areas of China. A total of 2030 new cases of RCCs in the 23 centers from Au-gust 2007 to October 2008 were collected, in which 1975 cases had integrated data for analysis. The symptoms, diagnostic techniques, pathology features, and therapeutic selection were analyzed. Re-sults A total of 1975 new cases were reviewed, with 1329 males and 634 females. The male and fe-male ratio was about 2.1 : 1.0. Of all cases, 1238 patients (62.7%) were asymptomatic and detected by examination, while 711 patients (36.0%) were symptomatic. 1260 patients (63.8%) were clinical stage Ⅰ , most of them were asymptomatic. 1844 patients were treated surgically, 1500(81.3%) un-derwent radical nephrectomy, 325 (17. 6%) underwent partial nephrectomy. Among the operations, open operation was performed in 1493 cases(81.0%), laparoscopic procedure in 351 cases(19.0%). There were 1522(84.5%) clear cell carcinomas, 98 (5.44%) papilliform renal cell carcinomas. Con-clusions Routine health examination could be an important way to diagnose early stage RCC. Open radical nephrectomy is the most often used surgical technique among the centres of present study.

ObjectiveTo measure the displacement parameters of the femoral head in space through CT three-dimensional reconstruction so as to re-understand impacted femoral neck fractures.MethodsFifty patients with impacted femoral neck fractures were included in the study.There were 17 males and 33 females.Bilateral proximal femurs of each patient were scanned by spiral CT preoperatively.Then these primitive CT data were reconstructed by Mimics 10.01 software.Registered the normal femur and fracture mirror model,the registered mirror model was generated a new mask in the CT cross-sectional images,marked key points in the masks and measured the displacement parameters of femoral head with three-dimensional measurement technology.ResultsIn the impacted femoral neck fractures,the femoral head displacement angle was 17.17°±10.40°,70％(35/50) of the patients had femoral head rotation angle was at 10° to 35°,and 30％(15/50) of the patients had femoral head space displacement more than 20°.The average displacement distance of femoral head center and the deepest point of fovea capitis were(6.49±3.60) mm and(10.42±5.92) mm,respectively.A high proportion of the impacted femoral neck fractures had a large of displacement in the three-dimensional space.It is not scientific to equal impacted femoral neck fractures to undisplaced fractures.ConclusionThree-dimensional reconstruction and digital measurement is a precise,efficient and convenient method for the measurement of femoral head displacement parameters in femoral neck fracture patients.The classic Garden classification for impacted femoral neck fractures has certain defects and limitations.Clinicians should re-understand impacted femoral neck fractures and choose more reasonable treatment.

Objective To investigate the features of intravertebral vacuum phenomenon (IVP)in vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). Methods Two hundred and nine patients with VCFs underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP). The biopsies and the images of X-ray, CT, MRI of VCFs were obtained. The consistency between IVP and osteonecrosis on histology and the positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity, specificity and Youden index of IVP for diagnosing local osteonecrosis in VCFs were analyzed. Fisher exact probability test was used to analyze the coherence between IVP and osteonecrosis. Results Histological examination revealed 146(69.9%) osteoporoses, 10 (4.8%) osteonecroses with osteoporoses, 53 (25.4%) neoplasms. Prior to surgery,10 cases of IVP were found. Plain radiograph showed horizontally oriented lucent cleft in the vertebral body;CT further confirmed the location of gas;T_1-weighted MR image appeared hypointensity,while the signal intensity of T_2-weighted MR image differed, depending on the duration of recumbency. Nine of 10 patients with IVP showed osteonecrosis on histology, while 9 of 10 patients with osteonecrosis contained IVP. The association of osteonecrosis on histology and the IVP was statistically significant(P <0.01). The PPV, NPV, sensitivity, specificity, and Youden index for diagnosing local osteonecrosis was 90% (9/10), 99.5% (198/199), 90.0% (9/10), 99.5% (198/199), and 0.9, respectively. Conclusion The IVP is stongly suggestive of local osteonecrosis in vertebral compression fracture.

OBJECTIVE: To study the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and E-cadherin in laryngeal carcinoma and their relationship with cervical lymph node metastasis. METHOD: The expression of MMP-2 and E-cadherin in 10 cases of normal laryngeal mucosa and 48 cases of supraglottic carcinoma were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULT: The expression of MMP-2 in supraglottic carcinoma was significantly higher than that in normal laryngeal mucosa. The expression of MMP-2 in metastatic lymph nodes was significantly higher than that in nonmetastatic lymph nodes (P < 0.05). The expression of E-cadherin was significantly lower in supraglottic carcinoma than that in normal laryngeal mucosa. The expression of E-cadherin was significantly lower in metastatic lymph nodes than that in nonmetastatic lymph nodes (P < 0.05). There is a negative correlation between the expression of MMP-2 and E-cadherin (r = -0.41). Predicting the lymph node metastasis of laryngeal carcinoma with the index of MMP-2(+), E-cadherin(-) and MMP-2(+), E-cadherin(-). MMP-2(+) has the highest sensitivity, but the lowest specificity and positive predictive value. MMP-2(+), E-cadherin(-) has the highest specificity and positive predictive value, but the lowest sensitivity. CONCLUSION Expression of MMP-2 and E-cadherin can be used as a marker to predict lymph node metastasis of supraglottic carcinoma. Combined the detection of MMP-2 and E-cadherin can boost the accuracy of prediction of lymph node metastasis in supraglottic carcinoma and provide efficient assistance for resecting supraglottic carcinoma.
Cadherins ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Prognosis

Objective To observe the inhibitory effect of the antibodies against midgut-protein-ingredient of Anopheles stephensi on the oocysts of Plasmodium yoelii.Methods Female An.stephensi mosquitoes raised in laboratory were dissected and the midguts were collected.Eight BALB/c mice were immunized using midgut-protein(100 ?g/mouse,4 times with an interval of 7～10day).Ten days after the last immunization,blood was taken from mice armpit artery and serum separated.The immune active antigen of the midgut protein was analyzed by Western blotting.Protein with Mr 38 000～50 000 was separated by sephadex filtering and used to immunize 12 BALB/c mice(100 ?g/mouse,4 times with interval of 7～10 days).PBS control group was established.Seven days after the last immunization,serum antibody was detected by ELISA.When the antibody titer in immunized mice reached ≥1:2 560,mice in both groups were infected by P.yoelii(about 2?107 plasmodium-infected RBC) by abdominal injection.The mosquitoes were fed on the infected mice when the number of female gametes was higher than 2 per 10 microscopical fields 3 days later.After 9 days,the mosquitoes were dissected and the amount of oocysts in midgut was counted.Results Eight protein bands were shown in midgut-protein of An.stephensi by Western blotting and the band of Mr 38 000～50 000-midgut-protein appeared clearer.The infection rate of oocysts in the experiment and control groups were 28.70%(62/216) and 51.09%(47/92) respectively(P