We found that pain on the medial side of the leg accounted for 6.9% and 19.7% of osteoarticu-lar injuries due to drilling in soldiers in drill, especially those newly recruited. We also found that the pain was produced by an increase in tibial intramedullary pressure. An animal experimentation was done, and the results corroborated our contention. At the same time, we found that decompression of tibial medullary cavity was effective in relieving the symptom.

From January, 1976 through December, 1986, 303 peripheral nerves (219 patients) were operated upon using microsurgical technic for injury, neurofibroma or neuroma. Under alternating low and high power, the nerve ends were approximated precisely and gently under surgical microscope. Results were satisfactory. During anastomosis of nerve ends, it should be emphasized that it is essential to distinguish the size of the cross section of various nerve fascicules and morphological characteristics of surrounding supporting tissues. For late cases, the use of nerve stimulator during operation is emphasized. Microsurgery Peripheral nerves injury

To appraise the preventive and improvable effects of different movements on OA joints,animal models by fixing the left posterior knee joint in extention using plaster cast for 8 weeks in Newzealand rabbits were carried out. The rabbits were randomly divided into different groups, and the X-RAY、range of motion and ligament biomechanical features of the joint were observed.The results showed that proper movement improved the range of motion, restored tensile strength of the ligament around the OA joint.It is evident that movement improves the function of the OA joint and delays the OA exacerbation.The combination of active and passive movement is the best way to achieve good result.

Objective To evaluate the influence of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism on the effect of aerobic endurance training of soldiers.Methods Two hundred and forty-eight army recruits (males,Hans) from an infantry regiment without previous history of military training were involved in the present study,and they were divided into experimental group and control group (124 each).Intensified endurance training designed with the theory of "cyclic training" was applied in experimental group,and routine training method was applied in control group including mainly 5000 meters running for 3 times in one week (no more than 1 time per day).The 5000m running performance and maximal oxygen consumption (VO_2max) were determined before and after eight-week training as endurance capacity indices.The ACE gene polymorphism was determined and the recruits in both groups were divided into 3 sub-groups according to the ACE genotypes as II,ID and DD.The influence of ACE genotype and training method on endurance capacity was analyzed.Results The 5000m running performance and VO_2max of experimental group after eight-weeks-training were significantly higher than those before training and those of control group (P0.05).In control group,the 5000m running performance and VO_2max of DD sub-group were significantly lower than those of II sub-group and ID sub-group (P0.05).Conclusions Intensified endurance training designed with the theory of "cyclic training" may effectively improve the endurance capacity in 8 weeks.ACE genotype could not be used as an accurate indicator to evaluate the endurance capacity and improvement of efficiency of soldiers.

To evaluate the influence of combined endurance and speed training on the knee flexors and extensors strength of army male recruits. At the beginning and end of their 4 week combined endurance and speed training, twenty recruits received isokinetic dynamometer test of flexors and extensors of both knees with the Cybex 6000 isokinetic dynamometer. The results showed: that there was a significant increase in the peak torque values, torque acceleration energy and endurance ratio of left knee flexors at high angular velocities (180?/s) after training. Meanwhile, the peak torque and endurance ratio were increased in left knee extensors at high angular velocities (180?/s),and the peak torque and torque acceleration energy were increased in right flexors at high angular velocities(180?/s). These data suggest that four weeks of combined endurance and speed training for recruits is not sufficient fo increase muscular strength, explosive force or muscular endurance of knee flexors and extensors.

BACKGROUND:Traditional imaging examinations have lower sensitivity in diagnosing articular cartilage injury, and the effects of biomarkers in body fluid on diagnosing severity of cartilage injury should be evaluated.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the significance of the biomarkers, including cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), matrix metalloproteinases-1 (MMP-1), matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), in serum and synovial fluid in evaluating the early sports injury of articular cartilage.DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial.SETTING: the 105 Central Hospital of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: Eighteen adult male hybrid dogs (15-25 kg, average 22.5 kg) were divided into three groups randomly: ①plain-running group (n =8): the dogs ran on the plain; ② slope-running group (n =8): the dogs ran on the slope of 10°; ③control group (n =2): the dogs could move freely.METHODS: Dogs in the plain-running group and slope-running group were trained daily, rurning for an hour in the morning and in the afternoon respectively(total two hours per day), 4 m/s, and the training lasted for 10 weeks. Serum and synovial fluid were collected on the dayof training, and at the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 10th weeks respectively in both the plain-running group and slope-running group, and the concentrations of COMP,MMP-1, MMP-3, TIMP-1 were detected with ELISA. Standard curves were built by the standard concentrations and A values, according to which corresponding concentrations of specimens were obtained. Knee joint MRI examination was performed, and the training was canceled on the day of examination. All the dogs were killed after 10 weeks, and the knee joint cartilages weight loading region of femur condyles were observed histologically.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Concentrations of COMP, MMP-1, MMP-3, TIMP-1 in serum and synovial fluid on the day of training, and the 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks in each group; Results of MRI examination of knee joint; Results of the histological observation of knee joint cartilage after 10 weeks.RESULTS: All the 18 dogs were involved in the analysis of results. ① Results of examination in serum. ② Results of examination in synovial fluid: In the slope-running group, the COMP concentrations at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks were obviously higher than those in the plain-running group (P ＜ 0.01), MMP-1 concentration at 2, 4 and 6 weeks were higher than those in the plain-running group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01), MMP-3 concentrations at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks were higher than those in the plain-running group (P ＜ 0.01);The MMP-3/TIMP-1 ratios at 2, 4 and 8 weeks were higher than those in the plain-running group(P ＜ 0.05-0.01).③ The concentrations of COMP,MMP-1,MMP-3 and TIMP-1 and the MMP-3/TIMP-1 ratio in serum were significantly correlated with the corresponding biomarkers in synovial fluid (r =0.631,0.502, 0.748, 0.651, 0.667, P＜ 0.01). ④ Results of histological observations: In both the plain-running group and slope-running group, obvious pathological changes of articular cartilage injury were observed at 10 weeks, the activity of articular chondrocytes in the surface layer was obviously decreased, which was severer in the latter group than in the former one. ⑤Results of MRI examination: Early sports injury changes of knee joint appeared at 2 weeks, and progressive aggravation occurred in both the plain-running group and slope-running group.CONCLUSION: Repetitive, impacted, torsional, shearing motions with long time and great intensity are easy to induce sports injury,even osteoarthritis.The sensitivity of these biomarkers is better than MRI in reflecting the pathological changes of articular cartilage.

Objective To explore the features of polymorphism in ADRA2A gene phenotypes and their relationship to oxygen endurance in the Han servicemen in PLA.Methods One hundred and eight healthy recruits of Han ethnic were subjected to a 5000-meter race program for 18 weeks,and then the tests were done after a 5000-meter race.The ADRA2A allelic variant and genotype were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing,and the features of polymorphism in three sites,G6412C,T6623A and C6645C,were determined with biochemical technique.The relationship between the results after the 5000-meter race,and the polymorphism of ADRA2A was then analyzed.Results The genotype distribution at all the three locations was consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.The genotype frequency in T6623A of A/G(50%)was higher than that of G/G(26%)and A/A(24%).The allele frequency of A(51%)was higher than that of G(49%).The time for completing 5000-meter running was significantly longer in recruits carrying A/G(20.95?0.82min)than those carrying A/A(18.97?0.65min,P0.05).There was no significant association between the oxygen endurance capacity and the polymorphism of G6412C and C6645C.Conclusion The T6623A of ADRA2A was the ideal gene marker for predicting endurance capacity,but G6412C and C6645C polymorphism is not ideal gene marker for oxygen endurance.

stimulating group(P

Objective To investigate the significance of bone mineral changes in the pathogenic process of glucocorticoid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head(GANFH).Methods Thirty-two New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into two groups(16 each).Animals in model group received an intramuscular injection of hydrocortisone acetate(8.0mg/kg) twice a week for 8 weeks totally,and animals in control group received an intramuscular injection with the same volume of normal saline,while 150kU penicillin were injected twice a week for preventing infection in both groups.The contents of serum calcium(Ca) and phosphorus(P) were determined,and the bone mineral densities of the femoral head and neck were measured at the 2nd,4th,6th,8th and 12th weeks after treatment.Meanwhile,the general condition such as weight,spirit and hair of rabbits was observed.Results Compared with the control group,the weight of rabbits in model group lost since the first week,and progressively aggravated;the bone mineral density of the femoral head and neck lowered since the 2nd and 4th week respectively(P

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of cell function changes of bone tissue in glucocorticoid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head(GANFH),and the preventive and therapeutic effects of "Cugusugao" ointment,a mixture of traditional Chinese medicines,on GANFH.Methods Sixty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups(16 each): control group,model group,therapy group and prevention group.The contents of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase(BSAP) and bone gla protein(BGP),and the activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP) in serum were determined at the 0,2nd,4th,6th,8th and 12th week after treatment.Meanwhile,rabbits were sacrificed at the 4th,6th,8th and 12th week,and bilateral femoral heads were obtained for histopathological examination.Results Compared with control group,the contents of serum BSAP were elevated at the 4th and 6th week,while TRAP elevated from the 2nd week and BGP lowered from the 4th week in model group(P