Objective To analyze the diffusion properties of acute cerebral stroke to understand the effects of infarct and hematoma on diffusion-weighted MR images of patients with acute cerebral stroke. Methods 25 acute cerebral infarcts, 22 intracranial hematomas and 5 hemorrhagic infarctions were studied with CT, conventional and diffusion MR imaging. The DWI and ADC parameters of acute cerebral stroke were analyzed. Results The DWI images of 25 acute cerebral infarcts, 1 hyperacute hematoma, 2 acute hematomas and 3 subacute hematomas were hyperintensity, and that of 8 early subacute hematomas were hypointensity. The DWI images of early stage of 4 chronic hematomas were hyperintensity at center and hypointensity at periphery, and that of late stage were hypointensity. The DWI images of acute hemorrhagic infarctions had both the hyperintensity and hypointensity. Meanwhile, the ADC images of majority of the lesions were hypointensity. Conclusion DWI could reflect the diffusion properties of different types of cerebral strokes and play an important role in evaluating the strokes.

Objective To evaluate the application of CT plain scan in diagnosis of foreign body in the esophagus.Methods 10 cases with foreign body (fishbone) in the esophagus in this study underwent CT plain scan,and thin layer CT scan was added as needed.CT findings were analysed in comparison with that of operation and endoscopy.Results The foreign bodies(fishbone) in the esophagus were all showed by CT,the fishbones appeared as slight high density or high density shadows in different size and form.The complications included esophageal bleeding in 2 cases,submucous hematoma in 1,abscess in 3 and pyothorax in 1.Conclusion Plain CT scan and thin layer CT scan is of significant value in diagnosis of foreign body in the esophagus.

Objective To study CT features of cerebral paragonimiasis and the values of CT examination.Methods 14 patients with cerebral paragonimisis underwent CT scanning including plain and contrast-enhanced CT scans.The CT findings were analyzed.Results The lesions of most cases were multiple on CT finding and manifested as nodular,hemorrhage and cystoid change and so on.The calcification may be appeared in cyst.Most of lesions were mixed change.There were no enhancement or spotted or ringshape enhancement .Conclusion CT variable findings of above multiple lesions in childhood brain may suggest as paragonimiasis,CT findings are corresponding to pathological change of cerebral paragonimiasis.

Objective To evaluate the role of three-dimensional multi-tissues (3DMT) CT reconstruction in imaging atlantoaxial and atlantooccipital deformities or traumas.Methods 10 normal volunteers and 42 patients with atlantoaxial and atlanoccipital deformities or traumas underwent spiral CT scan, then three-dimensional (surface shaded display, SSD) CT reconstruction and three-dimensional multi-tissues (3DMT) CT reconstruction.Results SSD and 3DMT reconstruction clearly demonstrated the anatomy of the bony structures and the spatial relationships between the occipitale and atlas, atlas and axis. 3DMT reconstruction respectively demonstrated the occipitale, atlas and axis. 3DMT more neatly demonstrated the deformities, fractures and dislocations of atlantoaxial and atlantooccipital joint than SSD reconstruction. Conclusion 3DMT CT illustrates the anatomical relationship of atlantooccipital and atlantoaxial complex and provides important information of the pathology. 3DMT is prior to SSD reconstruction.

Objective To detect whether and where brain functional connectivity exists in the resting state of patients with early-onset schizophrenia by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods Nineteen early-onset schizophrenic patients were diagnosed with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) of American Psychiatric Association. The 19 early-onset schizophrenic patients and another 19 healthy volunteers underwent fMRI in resting state. Cingulate gyrus was selected as region of interest and the difference was analyzed in the cingulate gyrus functional connectivity pattern between the 19 patients with early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) and 19 matched controls using resting-state fMRI. A two-sample t test was performed on the individual in a voxel by voxel manner. Results Statistical map was set a combined threshold of P＜0.005 and the number of voxel>20. Functional connectivity in the resting state was abnormal in the patients,including decreased functional connectivity and increased functional connectivity. The abnormal area was distributed all over the brain. The brain area with decreased functional connectivity included bilateral posterior cerebellar lobes, superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, gyrus rectus,hippocampus, cuneus gyrus,fusiform gyrus,middle occipital gyrus,inferior occipital gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus,right middle temporal gyrus, and right angular gyrus. The brain area with increased functional connectivity included left middle temporal and left inferior temporal gyrus. Conclusion Abnormal cingulate gyrus functional connectivity of schizophrenia might exist in the resting state. Resting state fMRI is important for the research of schizophrenia.

Objective To examine the differences in the structure of brain white matter among deficit schizophrenia, nondeficit schizophrenia and healthy controls by using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Methods Ten deficit schizophrenic patients, eleven nondeficit patients and fifteen healthy comparison subjects participated in the study. All the subjects were scanned by GE Twin Speed 1.5T MRI system. Whole brain, voxel-wise analyses of regional white matter volume were conducted by the VBM toolbox on the Matlab7.6 and SPM5. t -test was then used for the comparison between groups. Results Compared to the healthy controls, nondeficit schizophrenic patients significantly decreased the density of gray matter in the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital lobe and basal ganglia , while the deficit patients showed the characteristically broad and significant decreasion in the frontal lobe, including left medial frontal gyrus, bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, and left orbital gyrus (Cluster ≥ 30 mm3, P<0.01). Moreover, deficit patients showed the decreasion in the temporal cortex and the limbic lobe (right insula). Relative to the nondeficit schizophrenic patients, deficit patients had significant regional gray matter decreases in the left medial frontal gyrus, bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, right precentral gyrus, and right superior temporal gyrus (Cluster ≥ 30 mm3, P<0.01). Conclusion Structural heterogeneity in schizophrenia may relate to specific patterns of gray matter density reductions in deficit and nondeficit patient. However the two subtype of schizophremia patients share a common prefrontal-temperal pattern of structural brain alterations.

Objective To assess metabolic alterations in the human basal ganglia area during maturation and aging by using 2D chemical shift imaging (2D CSI) of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Methods Seventy healthy subjects were examined by 2D CSI. 2D CSI imaging acquisition was performed in the bilateral caudate, lentiform and thalamus. 1H-MRS was processed to determine the metabolite ratios, including NAA/Cho, NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr. Seventy healthy subjects were divided into 3 groups:20 to 39 years of age group, 40 to 59 years of age group and 60 to 87 years of age group. The three groups of healthy participants were compared. Results There was a significant decrease with aging in the NAA/Cho ratio in the bilateral lcntiform, thalamus and left caudate, and a significant decrease with aging in NAA/Cr ratio in the bilateral thalamus,right lentiform and left caudate (P<0.05), whereas the Cho/Cr ratio was significantly increased in the bilateral lentiform with aging(P<0.05). Conclusions The results of 1H-MRS show significant changes in the level of metabolites during the process of aging. This technique may play an important role in clinical studies and applications for various conditions of metabolic disorders of the human brain.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of dual-energy subtraction radiography (DESR) in the detection of rib bone lesions. METHODS: The images of DESR and digital radiography (DR) in 66 patients with 118 rib bone lesions were reviewed. The detectability of DESR and DR in the rib bone lesions was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) method, and their detection rates were compared in different thoracic regions such as those overlaid with the diaphragm and the mediastinum, located in the region of midaxillary line,and the rest. RESULTS: In the detection of rib bone lesions, the area under ROC curve in the DESR group (Az=0.946) was significantly larger than that in the DR group (Az=0.755). In different regions of the rib lesions, the detection rates of DESR were significantly larger than those of DR (P<0.05). CONCLUSION DESR can improve the detection of rib bone lesions, and is a useful supplement to DR.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography, Dual-Energy Scanned Projection ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Rib Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; Ribs ; diagnostic imaging ; Young Adult

Objective Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging ( DTI) technique was used to investigate the changes of DTI parameters in nerve fiber bundles of children with hyperbilirubinemia. Meth-ods A retrospective analysis of DTI imaging data of 43 children with hyperbilirubinemia and 24 normal controls in our hospital using the German Siemens 3. 0t Trio superconducting magnetic resonance imaging in-strument from December 2016 to March 2018. Children with hyperbilirubinemia were divided into two groups, total serum bilirubin mildly elevated group (34 cases) and total serum bilirubin moderate to severe elevation group (9 cases). The right and left cerebellar dentate nuclei were selected as the regions of inter-est. Relevant parameters were measured, and the parameters of each group were analyzed and compared. Results Compared with the normal control group,the fractional anisotropy ( FA) of the total serum biliru-bin mildly elevated group was decreased ( P=0. 022 ) and the volume ratio ( VR ) of that was increased (P=0. 036). Compared with the normal control group, the FA of the total serum bilirubin moderate to se-vere elevation group was decreased (P=0. 002) and the VR of that was increased (P=0. 047). Compared with the total serum bilirubin mildly elevated group,the FA of the total serum bilirubin moderate to severe elevation group was decreased (P=0. 035). In addition, in the cerebellar dentate nucleus, there was a lin-ear negative correlation (r= -0. 201, P=0. 029) between the FA values and the total bilirubin level, while linear positive correlation (r=0. 245, P=0. 045) between the VR value and the total bilirubin level. Conclusions There are changes in FA and VR values of the cerebellar dentate nucleus in children with hy-perbilirubinemia,which of them are linearly related to bilirubin levels. It can early indicate the destruction or dysplasia of nerve fiber bundles in children.

Objectives To investigate the imaging ability of magnetic sensitive weighted imaging (SWI) scans with 2.0 mm and 1.0 mm slice thickness on intracerebral veins and branches.Methods 47 healthy volunteers were recruited,including 20 males and 27 females,aged 21-45 (30.1 ± 12.93).Two SWI sequences with thickness of 2.0 mm and 1.0 mm were performed in all healthy volunteers.After reconstructed by minimal intensity projection (MIP),the display rate and diameter of intracerebral veins and branches were counted by two doctors.McNemar test and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis.Results (1) The display rates of bilateral internal cerebral veins,papular veins and left ventricular veins were 100％ in both scanning schemes,while the display rates of left and right septal veins,anterior caudate nucleus veins and right ventricular veins on SWI sequence images with 2.0 mm thickness were 90.0％ (left),91.0％ (right) and 87.2％ (right),91.5％,respectively.The display rates on SWI sequence images with 1.0 mm thickness were 97.9％ (left),94.0％ (right),97.9％ (left),95.7％ (right) and 95.7％ respectively.(2) There were significant differences in the diameter of bilateral septum pellucidum veins and bilateral anterior caudate nucleus veins between the two scanning schemes (P ＜ 0.05).While there was no significant difference in the diameter of bilateral internal cerebral veins,bilateral papular veins and bilateral intraventricular veins (P ＞0.05).(3) The displaying rate of veins with diameter ＞0.9 mm was 100％ for both scanning schemes,while the displaying rate of veins with diameter ranging from 0.6-0.9 mm (including 0.6 mm and 0.9 mm) in the two scanning schemes had significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions SWI sequence can clearly show the anatomical shape of intracerebral veins and branches.In contrast to SWI of the scan slices thickness of 2.0 mm,the SWI of scan slices thickness of 1.0 mm showed more efficiency in display thinner brain venous.Therefore,using SWI sequence scanning scheme with 1.0 mm slice thickness will be more conducive to observe and study intracerebral veins and branches.