Objective:The paper provided the basis of morphology to treat severe obstructive sleep apneasyndrome (OSAS) by applying hard palate short uvulopalato-pharyngoplasty (HPS-UPPP) in clinic.Methods:The curve length of hard palate and soft palate,the distance between the greater palatine foramenwere measured with vernier caliper and the position relation of the nerve and vessels passing throughgreater palatine foramen was observed in 100 oranium and 50 cadaver. Results:The curve length of hardpalate was 49.3± 0. 28 mm;the curve length of soft palate was 26.1±0. 30 mm;the distance between thegreater palatine foramen was 27.3±0. 24 mm. Conclusion:The results have the guiding significance in re-moval of length of hard palate and soft palate ,and the way of operation.

Objective To observe three-dimensional structure and biological features of rat acellular spinal cord scaffold prepared by sonic oscillation and chemical extraction in order to offer an ideal scaffold for spinal cord tissue engineering research.Methods Rat spinal cord underwent acellular treatment with sonic oscillation and chemical extraction (Triton X-100 at volume fracture of 2％ and sodium deoxycholate at volume fracture of 2％) (acellular spinal cord group).In contrast with spinal cord tissue of normal rats (control group),general morphology,histology and ultramicro three-dimensional structure of acellular spinal cord scaffold were observed and aperture size,factor of porosity,water ratio,enzymolysis ratio and stability in water solution of the scaffold were also detected.Results Acellular spinal cord group showed effective removal of original cell components with factor of porosity for (94.57 ±3.45) ％ and water content for (88.62 ± 1.0) ％,and satisfactory three-dimensional structure with average aperture of 46 μm.Scaffold showed gradual degradation in enzymolysis solution and enzymolysis rate reached (69.03 ± 2.19)％ at 20 hours.Besides,scaffold showed stepwise disintegration in double distilled water and hydrolysis rate was (62.55 ± 1.70) ％ at 8 days.While,normal spinal cord showed close structure,generous neurons and myelin sheath with factor of porosity for (0.04 ± 0.02) ％ and water content for (62.4 ± 1.5) ％,and unobvious pore structure under scanning electron microscope.Normal spinal cord were degraded gradually in enzymolysis solution and enzymolysis rate was (37.62 ± 0.9)％ at 20hours.In the meantime,normal spinal cord were disintegrated gradually in double distilled water and hydrolysis rate was (40.97 ± 0.81) ％ at 8 days.Conclusions Acellular spinal cord scaffold prepared by sonic oscillation plus chemical extraction achieves complete removal of cell components,intact extracellular matrix,and satisfactory results in three-dimensional network structures,factor of porosity and water content.Also,the scaffold meets theoretical demands of tissue-engineered spinal cord scaffold and is an ideal alterative for tissue-engineered spinal cord scaffold.

Objective To study effects of GDNF and HSV GDNF on apoptosis of spinal cord motoneurons after scratch injury in vitro. Methods In the period of culture cell,motor neurons were periodically observed and counted.Scratch injury was executed on culturing 12th day,in the same time,cultured neurons were divided into 4 groups,and each group was given corresponding medium(medium serum free control group,serum group,HSV GDNF group,GDNF group).On the 4th and 7th day after scratch injury,TUNEL staining was respectively performed,and the number and the mean densities of apoptotic motoneurons were observed. Results The number of living motoneurons was in inverse proportion to time of scratch injury in each group.The number of apoptotic motoneurons from control group,HSV GDNF group to GDNF group was successively decreased as well as the mean densities of apoptotic motoneurons on the 4th and 7th day after scratch injury.Furthermore,the effects of groups with serum were no better than those of medium serum free groups,in the same time,difference was not obviously in HSV GDNF group and GDNF group. Conclusion GDNF and HSV GDNF can decrease apoptosis of injured motoneurons in vitro .It suggests that GDNF and HSV GDNF might play an important role in the growth and development of motor neurons.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (IHES) with gastrointestinal manifestations,and to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of IHES. Methods:The clinical materials, process of diagnosis and treatment and prognosis of 9 patients diagnosed as IHES with gastrointestinal manifestations were retrospectively analyzed. Results:The average age of 9 patients was (22.66± 12.86)years old,and the ratio of male and female was about 1.25∶ 1. The main clinical manifestations included abdominal pain,diarrhea and abdominal distension.The eosinophil percentages in peripheral blood and bone marrow of the patients were (42.66 ± 19.88 )% and (39.33 + 15.99 )%, respectively.The ascites exudate cytology examination showed eosinophil infiltrated.The results of gastroscope or colonoscope showed mucosal hyperemia and edema,scattered bleeding spots, and dark red granular hyperplasia; the colon was affected frecuently.The histological biopsy confirmed that the mucosal was infiltrated by eosinophils.The abdominal CT of 6 patients showed that the walls of stomach or bowel were thickened.The abdominal symptoms disappeared,and the ascites was absorpted in 9 patients after the treatment of glucocorticoid.After 2 years of follow up,2 patients had relapse, others had no recurrence.Conclusion:Performing the routine diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, the clinicians should consider the possibility of IHES in order to avoid the misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. When IHES is diagnosed,steroid treatment should be performed in preference.

Objective To construct genipin-crosslinked rat acellular spinal cord scaffolds and evaluate their enzymatic degradation rate,biomechanical properties and cytotoxicity.Methods Rat spinal cord scaffolds were decellularized by chemical extraction and chemically crosslinked with 5 g/L genipin solution.Micro-structure of the uncrosslinked and genipin-crosslinked acellular spinal cord scaffolds were observed by HE staining and scanning electron microscopy and properties of pore size,porosity,water ratio,and degradation rate in 2.5 g/L trypsin enzyme solution were examined.Ultimate tensile strength and elastic modulus of normal rat thoracic spinal cord,uncrosslinked and genipin-crosslinked acellular spinal cord scaffolds were determined on Instron mechanical testing instrument.Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in lixivium of uncrosslinked and genipin-crosslinked acellular spinal cord scaffolds and MTT assay for relative cell growth rate was test to evaluate the cytotoxicity of scaffolds.Results The uncrosslinked and the genipin-crosslinked acellular spinal cord scaffolds possessed a similar three-dimensional mesh-porous structure with a mean pore diameter about 30 μm and a porosity over 80％,but there was a statistical difference between the two groups(P ＞ 0.05).Water ratio of genipincrosslinked scaffolds was (229.7 ± 12.5) ％,far lower than (283.4 ± 11.2) ％ of uncrosslinked scaffolds (P ＜ O.05) ; genipin-crosslinked acellular spinal cord scaffolds had lower weight loss at each time point than the uncrosslinked acellular spinal cord scaffolds (P ＜ 0.05),but the stability in trypsin,ultimate tensile strength and elastic modulus of acellular spinal cord scaffolds were significantly enhanced by genipin-crosslinking (P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore,no obvious cytotoxicity was observed in the uncroslinked and genipin-crosslinked scaffolds.Conclusions Rat acellular spinal cord scaffolds present no obvious change in structure after genipin-crosslinking,but there is significant improvement in the biomechanical properties and ability against enzymatic degradation and no marked cytotoxicity.Hence,the genipincrosslinked scaffolds are promising in tissue engineering for spinal injury.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the nutritional status of elderly Chinese operative patients with lung cancer as well as its correlation with postoperative complications through the application of modified mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) and short-form MNA (MNA-SF).MethodsOne hundred and fifty elderly Chinese patients with lung cancer underwent operation were enrolled in this study from June 2010 to June 2011.Collected information including preoperative nutritional evaluation in modified MNA and MNA-SF,general information of patients,disease status,anthropometric measurements,biochemical markers,and postoperative complications.ResultsAccording to the modified cutoff point of the full MNA in the 150patients (98 males,52 females),10.7％(16/150) patients were malnourished,32.0％(48/150) patients were at risk of malnutrition and 57.3％(86/150) patients were well nourished.MNA was (23.7 ± 3.8) scores.Positive correlations were found between MNA and body mass index (BMI),mid-arm circumference(MAC)and calf circumference (CC) (P ＜ 0.01 ).MNA-SF was ( 11.5 ± 2.4) scores.Positive correlations were found between MNA-SF and BMI,triceps skinfold (TSF),MAC,CC,MNA (P＜0.01 or ＜0.05).The incidence of postoperative complications was as following sequentially: respiratory complication was 37.4％ (55/147),cardiovascular complication was 31.3％(46/147),thoracic cavity complication was 0.7％( 1/147 ).There was no significant difference among groups in different numbers of complications (P=0.590) and among groups in different types of complications (P =0.601 ).ConclusionsModified MNA is suited to elderly Chinese operative patients with lung cancer.Evaluation shows that there is high prevalence of malnutrition among this population,and the correlations between MNA results and postoperative complications should be confirmed in further study.Positive correlations were found between MNA and body mass index (BMI),mid-arm circumference(MAC)and calf circumference (CC) (P ＜ 0.01 ).MNA-SF was ( 11.5 ± 2.4) scores.Positive correlations were found between MNA-SF and BMI,triceps skinfold (TSF),MAC,CC,MNA (P＜0.01 or ＜0.05).The incidence of postoperative complications was as following sequentially: respiratory complication was 37.4％ (55/147),cardiovascular complication was 31.3％(46/147),thoracic cavity complication was 0.7％( 1/147 ).There was no significant difference among groups in different numbers of complications (P=0.590) and among groups in different types of complications (P =0.601 ).ConclusionsModified MNA is suited to elderly Chinese operative patients with lung cancer.Evaluation shows that there is high prevalence of malnutrition among this population,and the correlations between MNA results and postoperative complications should be confirmed in further study.

OBJECTIVEThe experiment was conducted to study the dynamic growth rhythm of Achyranthes bidentata under different densities.

METHODThe plant samples were collected to measure the growth rate of each organ.

RESULTUnder different densities, the growing dynamic rhythm of A. bidentata were similar. The growth of main root exhibited a trend of "slow-fast-slow" by stages. The increase of dry root weight was fastest during the period of 30-40 days before harvest. The dry-matter increasing rate of whole plant was fastest in the later period of branching stage. The differences of root yields among the plants growing under different densities were significant.

CONCLUSIONFor high yield and good quality, the density of planting of A. bidentata should be considered.

Achyranthes ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Biomass ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Organ Size ; Plant Leaves ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Plant Stems ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Quality Control

The similarities and differences between Chinese medicine (CM) education in China and Australia are considered in a detailed comparison of the five-year undergraduate programmes offered by the Beijing University of CM (BUCM), China and RMIT University (RMIT), Australia. BUCM is a specialist CM institution whereas RMIT is a technological university providing training in a wide range of professional areas. Both institutions are considered to be leading tertiary institutions within their respective countries. A brief account of the historical development of CM education in China and Australia is provided. We have compared the curricula and structure of the programmes and how they each address the development of essential graduate capabilities for competent and safe clinical CM practice. We have also considered the quality assurance processes and the requirements of external regulatory authorities. The curricula and educational objectives of the 2 programmes are broadly similar. Both institutions have established rigorous processes for managing teaching quality and ensuring appropriate graduates to promote evidence-based CM practice. However, there are differences relating to the healthcare systems of China and Australia and to the availability of teaching resources and clinical training facilities such as classical CM texts and CM hospitals. These differences present major challenges for the internationalisation of CM education. The findings of this study may facilitate the process of CM curriculum development in a global context.
Australia ; China ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate ; standards ; trends ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Program Evaluation ; trends

OBJECTIVEThe experiments were conducted to study specialty of seed germinating, plant growing and developing and cultural practices of A. edgeworthii.

METHODThe germinating and sowing test, growth habitants, photosensitive reaction of seedling from subterraneous seeds and above ground seeds on A. edgeworthii were studied in this experiment.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe results indicated that (1) The water could not be absorbed by seed from plant above ground; (2) The underground and above ground seeds could normally germinate, grow, blossom and bear fruits, A. edgeworthii sowed in early May, blossomed in early September and matured in the last ten days of October; (3) The seed leaf of seedling grew underground; (4) The underground seed was produced from subterraneous branch stem which developed from node of seed leaf; (5) A. edgeworthii was shade demanding, high-temperature sensible short-day light plant. The flowering could be greatly advantaged by short-day light treatment (12, 10, 8, 6 h). Cultural practices were studied also in this experiment.

Fabaceae ; growth & development ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; Seedlings ; growth & development ; Seeds ; growth & development ; Sunlight

This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 1 case of spermatic cord leiomyosarcoma admitted to the urology department of the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College. The clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis was discussed with the literature review. Radical resection of the left testicle and high ligation of the left spermatic cord were performed. Postoperative pathology was spermatic cord leiomyosarcoma. Its clinical manifestations are painless masses, which are mainly confirmed by pathological examination. The treatment is mainly radical resection, and postoperative radiotherapy can improve the prognosis and reduce recurrence.