Purpose To explore the clinicopathological features, differential diagnosis of solitary bronchial papilloma, and its relation with and human papilloma virus infection.Methods Four cases of SBP were studied by routine histologic,immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization, together with review of the literature.Results One of four lesions was squamous cell papilloma, with focal malignant change of squamous cell carcinoma with microinvasion. The case was an old woman and the cancer located in central bronchus. Others were mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma, and two cases with features of moderate cytologic atypia. The age ranged from 25 to 73 years (average 54), and tumors were located in the bronchi and segmental bronchi. Papillary arborizing connective tissue stalks were lined by both squamous and glandular epithelium. Four papillomas were exophytic, with one case inverted partly. Four cases were examined for HPV DNA and all were negative.Conclusions SBP in adults is a rare lung neoplasm. Based on uncommon cases association with malignant change, all endobronchial papillomas should be completely excised.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the quality of Bombyx batryticatus medicinal materials in the market by multi-index,and provide reference for clinical rational drug use. METHODS:Referring to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition,part 1),the appearance characters of samples were observed,moisture and the total ash were detected,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was adopted to identify the medicinal materials,UV-Visible spectrophotometry and potassium permanganate titration were respec-tively used to determine the contents of active ingredient protein and ammonium oxalate. RESULTS:The moisture ranged in 2.84%-4.07%(RSD<5%,n=3),total ash in 7.79%-34.32%(RSD<5%,n=3),UV and FTIR spectra were basically similar, and both can reflect the characteristic peaks of protein peptides. Protein content ranged in 29.87%-57.19%(RSD<0.5%,n=3), ammonium oxalate content in 0.27%-4.77%(RSD<5%,n=3). CONCLUSIONS:The 10 batches of samples are authentic and processed products,moisture fits the requirement in pharmacopoeia while total ash does not;and the main ingredient is protein pep-tides. However,effective protein polypeptide content shows great differences as well as ammonium oxalate.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of multiple bladder biopsies in the diagnosis and treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) during transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURBT).Methods The data of 408 NMIBC patients from January 2009 to December 2013 was analyzed retrospectively.There were 302 males and 106 females.The mean age of these 408 patients was 65 years old from 33 to 86 years.Bladder multipoint biopsies were performed in 216 patients (biopsy group),and were not performed in the other 192 patients (control group).The multipoint biopsies were taken from right and left bladder walls,anterior and posterior walls,dome,trigone,prostatic urethra and abnormal mucosa.There were 127 males and 89 females in the biopsy group,with a mean age of 64 years old (from 18 to 87 years).In the control group,118 males and 74 females aged between 15 and 92 years have an average age of 66 years old.There was no statistically significant difference in regard to gender and age between the two groups.The positive rate of biopsy and whether the diagnosis and treatment plan changed in the study group were recorded and the recurrence and progression rates were compared between study and control groups.Results Of these 216 multiple mucosa biopsies,the total abnormal detection rate was 48.1％ (104/216).There were urothelial carcinoma in 12.5％ (39/216),carcinoma in situ in 5.6％ (12/216),dysplasia in 9.7％ (21/216),cystitis in 20.4％.The final diagnosis were changed in fifteen patients (6.9％) due to the biopsy results,and 38 patients(17.6％) treatment plans were changed.The 1-,3-,and 5-year recurrence-free survival rates (RFS) of biopsy group and control groups were 96.3％ vs.85.4％(x2 =14.955,P=0.000),85.2％ vs.69.8％ (x2 =13.183,P =0.000) and 69.9％ vs.64.1％ (x2 =1.574,P =0.245);progression-free survival(PFS) were 99.1％ vs.96.3％ (x2 =8.253,P =0.006),94.0％ vs.87.0％ (x2 =5.901,P=0.017) and90.3％ vs.85.4％ (x2 =2.273,P=0.169).The 1-and 3-year RFS and PFS of biopsy group were higher than control group.There was no significant difference in the 5-year RFS and PFS between the two groups.Conclusions Multiple bladder biopsies could be helpful for pathological diagnosis and the post-TUR treatment of NMIBC.Furthermore,it may reduce the early recurrence and progression rates of NMIBC,but have no effect on long-term prognosis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the cell lineage and Epstein-Barr virus infection in previously diagnosed cases of malignant histiocytosis (MH) with tissue microarray technique.

METHODSUsing tissue-chips, immunohistochemical staining, in situ hybridization and PCR to analyze 5 autopsy cases of MH.

RESULTS(1) In all 5 cases, positive reactions of CD45RO, CD3 epsilon, TIA-1, Granzyme B were detected in the neoplastic cells, whereas negative reactions were found with CD30, CD20, CD56. (2) All cases revealed EBER1/2 positivity in neoplastic cells.

CONCLUSIONPreviously diagnosed malignant histiocytosis is an EBV-associated aggressive NK/T cell lymphoma.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; pathology ; Female ; Histiocytic Sarcoma ; pathology ; virology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; immunology ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

BACKGROUND:The mechanical valves used in the adult Luo-Ye pump have a large size and great destruction to blood, which are not suitable for infant ventricular assist pump. Therefore, designing and producing a high molecular valve with smal size and low incidence of thrombosis is a research hotspot. OBJECTIVE:To design and produce a valve of 20 mL infant Luo-Ye pump, and to test its basic functions and fatigue properties. METHODS:The size and shape of valve was designed with MASTERCAM software, polyurethane valve was obtained through producing the valve model and plastic injection;the static leakage, pressure drop and fatigue resistance of polyurethane valve were tested according to the ISO5840 requirements. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The polyurethane trefoil valve was produced, but the failure rate of plastic injection was high;the basic function of the trefoil valve met the ISO5840 requirements bascial y;after continuously operated 1.0×107 times, stroke volume of 20 mL Luo-Ye pump was changed 5.2%, and two polyurethane valves and valve leaflets did not change and damage. Polyurethane trefoil valve was designed and produced successful y;polyurethane valves could meet the needs of 20 mL Luo-Ye pump, which already have the ability to clinical trials.

Objective:To investigate the clinical and pathological features of congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF).Methods:The clinical and pathological findings of 20 patients diagnosed with CHF from 2017 to 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among the 20 patients, 8 were males and 12 were females with a median age of 21.5 years. Mostly patients were admitted to the hospital with cirrhosis, portal hypertension and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Pathological features were diffuse fibrosis in the portal area, formation of fibrous septa of varying width, segmentation of the liver parenchyma, with hyperplasia of small bile ducts. Among them, 1 case (5%) was complicated with Caroli's disease, and 1 case (5%) was HNF1α hepatocellular adenoma. IHC GS showed that was positively expressed in acinar region 3 in 75% cases.Conclusion:CHF is mainly manifested by portal hypertension and its complications. Histopathology is the gold standard for diagnosis. The possibility of CHF should be considered first in children and adolescents with portal hypertension but no history of hepatitis, and complicated kidney disease. The positive pattern of acinus-3 region of GS in IHC is helpful for the diagnosis of CHF.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical anatomy and the methods to protect or reconstruct the continuity and function of vagus nerve during the operation of cervical vagal paraganglioma. METHOD: Six cases of vagal paraganglioma were reviewed. All tumors were identified to wrap the cervical vagus nerve stem and excised during surgery. The operative modality was to trace the vagus nerve stem inside the tumor as far as possible, to reconstruct the continuity by way of vagus nerve anastomosis (3/6) or alternatively, other motor nerve transplantation (3/6). Postoperative treatment included steroid, neurotrophic medication and voice and swallowing rehabilitation. RESULT: Two cases of the recurrent paraganglioma experienced aspiration during swallowing preoperatively and no aspiration after surgery. Choking was gradually reduced in four recurrent cases half to one year postoperatively. Hoarseness was improved in five cases (5/6) half to one year postoperatively, while one case remained prolonged obvious hoarseness. Three months postoperatively, the vocal cord fibrillation at the tumor-related side was observed during pronunciation in the end-to-end anastomosis cases (3/6), sublingual nerve-transplanted case (1/6) and deep cervical nerve-transplanted cases (1/6) under fiberoptic laryngoscope, and the mobility was even more obvious at the time of half an year postoperatively. While in another deep cervical nerve-transplanted case (1/6), the vocal cord demonstrated no obvious fibrillation. CONCLUSION To carefully identify and preserve the vagus nerve fibers as much as possible during the operation of cervical vagal paraganglioma could significantly eliminate postoperative hoarseness and aspiration. End-to-end anastomosis, deep cervical nerve or sublingual nerve transplantation to resume the continuity of vagus nerve may improve the mobility of vocal cord thus the quality of voice and swallowing.
Adult ; Cranial Nerve Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Paraganglioma ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Vagus Nerve ; surgery ; Vagus Nerve Diseases ; surgery

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Solitary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a subgroup of HCCs. We aimed to establish nomograms for predicting the survival of solitary HCC patients after hepatectomy. METHODS: A total of 538 solitary HCC patients were randomly classified into training and validation sets. A Cox model was used to identify predictors of overall survival (OS) in the training set. A nomogram was generated based on these predictors and was validated using the validation set. RESULTS: Tumor size, microvascular invasion, and major vascular invasion were significantly associated with OS in the training set. Nomograms were developed based on these predictors in the multivariate analysis. The C-index was 0.75 for the OS nomogram and 0.72 for the recurrence-free survival nomogram. Compared to the index of conventional staging systems for predicting survival (0.71 for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer, 0.66 for the seventh American Joint Committee on Cancer, 0.68 for Cancer of the Liver Italian Program, and 0.70 for Hong Kong Liver Cancer), the index of the OS nomogram was significantly higher. Moreover, the calibration curve fitted well between the predicted and observed survival rate. Similarly, in the validation set, the nomogram discrimination was superior to those of the four staging systems (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The nomograms demonstrated good discrimination performance in predicting 3- and 5-year survival rates for solitary HCCs after hepatectomy.
Calibration ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Hepatectomy* ; Hong Kong ; Humans ; Joints ; Liver ; Liver Neoplasms ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nomograms* ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: It is widely accepted that aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is a signature of breast cancer stem cells, and high activity has been reported to be associated with poor clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of members of the ALDH family of isozymes in breast cancer tissues and to evaluate the implications of the results. METHODS: We analyzed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue from 160 patients with breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed on the slides using antibodies against different ALDH family members. We collated the IHC results with patient clinical characteristics and determined their prognostic value. In addition, we analyzed normal, hyperplastic, and carcinomatous tissues in situ to check their ALDH distributions. RESULTS: All the tested ALDH members were detected in the various tissue types, but at different levels. Only ALDH 1A3 was found to be significantly associated with distant metastasis (p=0.001), disease-free survival (p<0.001), and overall survival (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The level of ALDH 1A3 in breast cancer tissue is a predictive marker of a poor clinical outcome.
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase* ; Antibodies ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Isoenzymes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; Prognosis ; Stem Cells

Objective To investigatethe significance of serum carbohydrate antigen (CA) 125,car cinoembryonic antigen (CEA),cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1),neuron-specific enolase (NSE),and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) in the diagnosis of bone metastasis from lung cancer.Methods A total of 222 patients,including 91 lung cancer patients with bone metastasis (49 males,42 females,average age (60.07± 10.60) years;group A),75 lung cancerpatientswithout bone metastasis (57 males,18 females,average age (62.20± 12.63) years;group B),56 patients with benign lung diseases (34 males,22 females,average age (61.45± 10.66) years;group C) were recruited from January 2015 to January 2016.The electrochemiluminescence was applied to detect serum levels of CA125,CEA,CYFRA21-1,NSE and SCCA.Kruskal-Wallis,Wilcoxon rank sum test,x2 test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to analyze data.Results The levels of serum CA125,CEA,CYFRA21-1,NSE in group A were higher than those in group B and C (H values:13.45-44.96,all P＜0.05);while SCCA was not significantly different among the 3 groups (H=2.56,P＞0.05).The areas under ROC curves for CA125,CEA,CYFRA21-1,NSE,SCCA were 0.667,0.702,0.602,0.664,0.440,respectively.The positive rate of serum NSE in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients was higher than that in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (17/18 vs 32.88％ (24/73);x2=22.11,P＜0.05);CEA was highly expressed in adenocarcinoma,and SCCA was highly expressed in squamous cell carcinoma.Patients with grade Ⅲ+ Ⅳ metas tasis (n =52) had higher levels of CA 125,CEA,NSE compared to patients with Ⅰ + Ⅱ metastasis (n =39;z values:from-2.54 to-0.32,all P＜0.05).The sensitivity of combined detection of 5 tumor markers was 97.80％ (89/91),which was significantly higher than that of single tumor marker (x2 values:35.46-138.23,all P＜0.05).Conclusion Serum levels of CA125,CEA,CYFRA21-1,NSE and SCCA play a role in the diagnosis of bone metastasis from lung cancer,and the combined detection of the 5 tumor markers contribute to the early detection of bone metastases.