BACKGROUND:The physical properties of macromolecule ocular prosthesis materials, such as density, hardness, mechanical strength, can affect the working accuracy of ocular prosthesis and can also affect the surface roughness of ocular prosthesis, thus affecting the comfort when the patients wear.
OBJECTIVE:To study the differences of different macromolecule ocular prosthesis materials in bubble generation rate, hardness and surface roughness.
METHODS:Thirty-seven test pieces, 30 mm×30 mm×2 mm, were made and then divided to seven groups according to their brands, caled groups A, B, C, D, E, F, G, each group of five pieces. One surface of each test piece was polished in accordance with the principle of coarse to fine, the surface roughness of the two surfaces and hardness on the polished surface were measured, and then the bubble formation rate of the material was calculated.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The surface roughness values of groups A-G were (0.078±0.016), (0.074±0.019), (0.075±0.022), (0.066±0.020), (0.075±0.017), (0.068±0.015), and (0.067±0.017) μm, respectively. There was no significant difference in the surface roughness between the groups (P > 0.05). The hardness values of groups A-G were 766.92±3.71, 771.84±14.51, 791.20±9.64, 804.50±4.49, 779.00±17.92, 772.20±19.18, 704.00±7.23, respectively. There was a significant difference in the hardness between groups D, G and the other groups (P < 0.05) as wel as between group D and group G (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the other groups (P > 0.05). The bubble generation rates of groups A-G were (8.87±0.29)%, (8.29±1.02)%, (6.94±0.43)%, (4.83±0.20)%, (7.59±0.19)%, (8.61±0.25)%, (4.89±0.17)%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the bubble generation rate between groups D, G and the other groups (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between group D and group G (P > 0.05), as wel as between the other groups (P > 0.05). To a certain extent, the smaler the bubble formation rate is, the greater the hardness and the smaler the surface roughness are.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) in assessment of left atrial appendage(LAA) function. Methods Forty-two atrial fibrillation patients underwent real-time three-dimensional TEE. LAA ejection fraction based on two-dimensional area measurements(EFA-2D), three-dimensional area measurements(EFA-3D) and three-dimensional volume measurements(EFv-3D) were calculated and related to LAA peak empty velocity (PEV). The variability within observer and interobserver were tested. Results EFA-2D was significantly higher than EFA-3D[(62.84 ± 17.27)% vs (45.39 ± 16.58)%, P = 0.000] and EFv-3D [( 62.84 ±17.27) % vs (48.35 ± 19.37) %, P = 0.001 ], whereas EFA-3D and EFv-3D had no significant difference ( P = 0.158). In a simple linear correlation,the degree of association between EFv-3D and PEV was higher as between EFA-3D and PEV ( r = 0.662 vs 0.604,both P ＜0.05). No significant correlation was observed between EFA-2D and PEV ( r = 0.529, P = 0.130). Variabilities within observer and interobserver were no significant differences by the three methods( P ＞0.05). Conclusions LAA ejection fraction calculation by real-time three-dimensional TEE is feasible and more accurate than by 2D TEE.

Objective To understand the awareness status of malaria control knowledge of primary and secondary school stu-dents in malaria endemic areas of Shandong Province,so as to provide the baseline information for formulating the malaria control strategy. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 5 TypeⅡmalaria-endemic counties in Shandong Province. A struc-tured questionnaire survey was administrated to students in primary and secondary schools. Results A total of 1 884 students were completed with the questionnaires and all were effective. The total awareness rate of malaria control knowledge was 65.9%, and 54.7% of the students knew the transmission route of malaria and only 31.5% of the students were aware of the preventive methods of malaria. There were significant differences of the awareness scores of malaria control knowledge among different malar-ia endemic areas but there were no significant differences between the awareness rates of male and female students and between two different education levels. Conclusions The awareness of malaria control knowledge of primary and secondary school stu-dents in Shandong Province is poor;therefore,the health education of malaria control knowledge for primary and secondary school students should be strengthened.

Objective To understand the achievements of clonorchiasis sinensis control in Shandong Province during the past forty years. Methods The data of the previous annual clonorchiasis sinensis investigation in Shandong Province were collected and analyzed. Results From 1960s to 1970s, there were 107 counties existing the prevalence of clonorchiasis sinensis in Shandong Province. The infection rate of population was 1.51%, and 85.70% of the infected people were children below fifteen years old. Through the forty years' control, the decreasing of intermediate hosts such as various kinds of fishes and water-snails due to 85. 00% of ditches and ponds dried up by the lasting drying weather after 1980s, and 90. 00% of rivers polluted by increasing liquid waste, as well as the decreasing of infective chances due to 97. 90% of people breaking off the habit of eating not-well-cooked fishes by popularizing health knowledge, to 2003, the population infection rate dropped to 0.04%, 95.60% of the village where residents had the infection dropped to below 1. 00% , and 60. 00% of counties where no Clonorchis sinensis infection was found. Conclusion The clonorchiasis sinensis transmission areas reduce gradually, the infection rate of population decreases to the lowest in the history and the transmission has been controlled in Shandong Province.

Objective To understand the malaria situation of Shandong Province in 2013,so as to provide the evidence for formulating targeted prevention and control strategy and measures. Methods The data of malaria cases of Shandong Province in 2013 were collected from the Information Management System for Infectious Diseases Report and Information Management Sys-tem for Parasitic Diseases Control and Prevention. The data of epidemiological characteristics of malaria situation and the diagno-sis and treatment of malaria cases were analyzed by Microsoft Excell2007. Results There were 131 malaria cases reported in 2013,all of them were imported cases,and 127 cases(96.95%)were imported from African countries. A total of 116 cases (88.55%)were falciparum malaria cases. Totally 97.71%of the cases were male and the average age of malaria cases was 39 years. A total of 61.83%of the cases were peasants and 65.65%of the cases only received junior high school education. The dis-tribution of malaria cases was concentrated in Tai’an City(32 cases),Yantai City(19 cases)and Weihai City(17 cases),total-ly acounting for 53.13%. There was no significant seasonal variation in the reporting time of the cases. The median time from on-set to seeing doctor was four days and the median time from seeing doctor to being diagnosed was one day. Totally 35.88%of the cases were misdiagnosed when the first visit to a doctor. All of the cases were laboratory confirmed and 100%of them received the standard treatment after diagnosis. Conclusions All of the malaria cases were imported cases in Shandong Province in 2013. To control the imported malaria in Shandong Province,it is necessary to further strengthen the multi-sectoral cooperation, health education,malaria screening and professional training.

Objective To understand the malaria epidemic situation and characteristics in Shandong Province in 2014,so as to provide evidences for taking targeted strategies and measures for malaria elimination. Methods The data of malaria epi?demic and malaria cases of Shandong Province in 2014 were collected from Information Management System for Infectious Dis?eases Report and Information Management System for Parasitic Diseases Control and Prevention. The epidemiological character?istics of malaria situation and the diagnosis and treatment of malaria cases were analyzed by Microsoft Excel 2007. Results A total of 150 malaria cases were reported in Shandong Province in 2014,which increased by 14.50% compared with that in 2013 (131 cases). All the cases were imported from other countries except one imported from Yunnan Province in China,and most of the imported cases were from Africa(142 cases,95.30%). All the cases were confirmed in Shandong Provincial Reference Labo?ratory and there were 121 cases(80.67%)infected with Plasmodium falciparum,16 cases(10.67%)infected with P. vivax,9 cases(6.00%)infected with P. ovale and 4 cases(2.67%)infected with P. malariae. The cases were mainly distributed in Tai’ an(40 cases,26.67%),Yantai(17 cases,11.33%),Weihai(13 cases,8.67%),Jining(11 cases,7.33%)and Heze(11 cases,7.33%)cities. Conclusions There have been no local malaria cases reported in Shandong Province in the continuous 3 years. However,the reported number of imported malaria cases shows an increasing trend in the province in recent years,and the species of infected Plasmodium are diverse. Imported malaria from other countries is the key of malaria control in Shandong Province at present.

BACKGROUND:Until now, it is stil unclear whether the stem cel transplantation triggersadverse effects on the myocardial electrical activity, resulting in the emergence of arrhythmia.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of intracoronary transplantation of umbilical cord blood stem cels on arrhythmia score and incidence of ventricular arrhythmia.
METHODS:According to therapeutic strategies, 73patients with coronary heart disease were assigned to receive drug therapy in control group (n=38) and umbilical cord blood stem cel transplantation in observation group (n=35). Arrhythmia score, incidence of ventricular arrhythmia and adverse reactions were recorded and analyzed before and 1, 4, 8 weeks after transplantation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After treatment, arrhythmia scores were significantly reduced in the two groups, especialy in the observation group, to exhibit a continuous decline trend (P< 0.05). Compared with the control group, the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia was significantly lower in the observation (P< 0.05). However, there were no significant changes in the blood pressure, heart rate and blood oxygen saturation before and after transplantation, and no acute heart failure and death occurred in thetwo groups. These results suggest that the intracoronary transplantation of umbilical cord blood stem cels exhibits superiorities in the treatment of coronary artery disease, significantly reducing the arrhythmia score, reducing the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia, and resulting in less adverse reactions.

Objective To understand the capacity of Plasmodium detection and helminth detection and the mastery degree of basic knowledge of parasitic diseases. Methods Three professionals from each city were selected as contestants. The content of the competition contained three parts. The first part included making blood slides and Giemsa staining of Plasmodium,and identifi-cation of species and number with microscopy,the second part included making stool slides with Kato-Katz technique and identifi-cation of common helminth eggs with microscopy,and the third part was basic knowledge of parasitic diseases. Results Totally 51 contestants took part in the competition. The average score of the test of making blood slides was 14.8±3.3,and the passing rate was 82.4%. The average score of the identification of species and number of Plasmodium with microscopy was 19.2 ± 9.3,and the passing rate was 29.4%. The average score of the test of making stool slides was 9.3±0.7,and the passing rate was 100%. The aver-age score of the identification of common helminth eggs with microscopy was 28.0±2.6,and the passing rate was 100%. The aver-age score of basic knowledge of parasitic diseases was 76.3±11.9,and the passing rate was 88.2%. The average score of the test of making blood slides in the female was higher than that in the male(15.7vs.13.5,P<0.05),and the average score of the test of making blood slides in the intermediate title contestants was higher than that in the junior title contestants(16.1vs.14.1,P <0.05). The average score of the basic knowledge of parasitic diseases in the contestants from cities was higher than that in the con-testants from towns(83.2vs.72.6,P<0.05),and the average score of basic knowledge of parasitic diseases in the contestants from high economic level cities was higher than that in the contestants from low economic level cities(82.4vs.71.5,P<0.01). Conclu-sions For professionals in Shandong Province,the capacity of helminth detection was strong and the basic knowledge of parasitic diseases was mastered well,while the capacity of Plasmodium detection was weak.

Objective To understand the infection status of intestinal parasites and related knowledge and behavior factors of the residents in north-west Shandong Province,so as to provide the evidence for taking targeted preventive measures. Meth-ods Eighteen villages were randomly selected as survey spots by the stratified multi-stage sample method. The Kato-Katz tech-nique was used to detect intestinal parasite eggs among the residents and the cellophane tape anus test was used to detect Entero-bius vermicularis eggs among 3-12 years old children. Questionnaires were applied to investigate related knowledge and behavior factors about the intestinal parasite infections in the residents. Results Totally 6 366 residents were detected for intestinal para-sites and the infection rate was 0.28%(18 cases). Totally 895 children were detected for E. vermicularis and the infection rate was 5.70%(51 cases). Totally 2 915 residents were investigated by questionnaires and the awareness rate of knowledge about preventing parasitic diseases was 26.72%. The formation rates of washing hands before meal and after WC,washing fruit and vegetable before eating,never drinking unboiled water were 55.42%,42.87%,43.54%and 83.04%respectively. The aware-ness rate of knowledge about preventing parasitic diseases of 3-12 years old children was 12.24%;and the formation rates of washing hands before meal and after WC were 47.04%and 30.44%respectively. Conclusions The total infection rate of intesti-nal parasites is low but the E. vermicularis infection rate is high among children in north-west Shandong Province. The awareness rate of knowledge about preventing parasitic diseases and the formation rates of healthy behaviors are all low. Therefore ,the tar-geted health education should be taken to increase the awareness rate and guide the residents to develop their healthy behaviors.

Objective To explore the association between malaria epidemic situation and some natural and social factors in high?incidence areas of Shandong Province,so as to provide evidences for malaria elimination in these areas. Methods Twenty towns of 10 counties(cities,districts,)in the high incidence areas of malaria in Shandong Province were selected as the study sites,and the residents in the study sites were investigated by questionnaires with one household as a unit,so as to understand the related natural and social factors. In addition,the malaria epidemic data in the study sites from 2006 to 2010 were collected, and the correlation between these factors and the epidemic situation of malaria was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation and multiple stepwise regression. Results The square root of malaria incidence rate(Y)was negatively related to the rate of house?holds using insecticide(X3),and the rate of households using screen doors and windows(X4)(both P<0.05),but was positive?ly related to the rate of housing surrounding water environment and exposure ratio(X6)(both P<0.05). The regression equa?tion established was Y=0.032X5+0.048X6-0.495,R2=0.973. Conclusions Malaria incidence is obviously associated with some natural and social factors. The measures such as clearing the breeding place of mosquito,protecting the exposure popula?tion at nightfall,as well as using door?window screen and repellents correctly,can effectively control malaria.