Objective To investigate lead pollution of drinking water stagnated in household pipe and its characteristic, and provide the scientific basis for safe and health consumption of drinking water. Methods 30 taps in households were randomly chosen as objects. According to the stagnated time the water samples were divided into group A (12-13 hours), group B (7-8 hours) and group C (3-4 hours). The samples were collected in 0 min, 1 min and 2 min after opening taps. Lead levels in the samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), whose comparative analysis was performed by SPSS software. In total, 320 samples were analyzed. Results In group A, lead concentrations (geometric mean, the same for latter) of water samples in 0 min, 1 min and 2 min were 61.33, 12.27and 5.47 ?g/L respectively, but they were 33.90, 9.13 and 4.59 ?g/L in group B,and 11.37, 6.29 and 4.27 ?g/L in group C. There were significant differences among three groups (P

Objective To investigate lead pollution of tap in market. Methods 16 taps (2 PPR taps and 14 metal taps)were collected and were sunk in distilled water for 4 hours,8 hours and 12 hours. Lead levels in the distilled waters were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results No lead was detected for PPR taps. Of 14 metal taps,only one tap was not observed lead pollution. The top lead level was 56.54 ?g/L,the median was 5.79 ?g/L. These brass taps resulted in higher lead pollution than those taps with ceramic preformed core (P0.05). 72.2% of the samples with brass preformed core exceeded 10 ?g/L and only 9.5% for those taps with ceramic preformed core. These taps with registered trade mark had a slighter lead contamination than those without registered trade mark(P

Objective To investigate the morphological features,biological behavior ,and diagnosis and treatment of gastric hepatoid adenocarcinoma(GHA).MethodsTwenty GHA cases were evaluated. Of the 20 patients,14 underwent radical gastrectomy, 3 total gastrectomy,3 total gastrectomy and wedge excision of the liver metastasis.ResultsHistologically,hyaline globules and venous invasion were common features of GHA.Tumor cells were immunohistochemically positive for alpha fetoprotein(AFP), alpha antitrypsin(AAT), and alpha antichymotrypsin(ACT). Ultrastructurally,tumor cells were arranged toward the lumens with microvilli on the luminal surfaces.There were junctional complexes between the lateral plasma membranes of adjacent tumor cells.Patients were followed up for 1～5 years with 12 deaths, 11 died of metastasis and one died of intraabdominal tumor seeding. The 1, 3 year survival rate was 44%(8/18), and 17%(3/18), respectively. Conclusions GHA deriving from gastric mucosa is characterized both by the histologic structures of hepatoid differentiation and adenocarcinoma.The prognosis is usually poor due to frequent liver metastasis.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of prostate specific antigen density (PSAD)value in the differential diagnosis from malignant and benign prostate disease .Methods 56 patients who enrolled in this hospital during April 2008 to No-vember 2012 were reviewed ,all of them were suspected as prostate carcinoma with free total PSA value at 4-10 ng/mL .Prostate volume were determined via transrectal ultrasound ,while serum PSA was determined by chemiluminescence method ,and all patients were finally pathologically diagnosed via tissue biopsy or prostatectomy .21 cases were proved to be prostate carcinoma (prostate carcinoma group) ,and the other 35 cases were proved to be benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH) .And the statistical significances of tPSA ,prostate volume and PSAD values were compared between the two groups .Results Compared with BPH group ,serum level of tPSA was insignificant ,while the values of prostate volume and PSAD were significantly lower in the BPH group than in prostate carciboma group .Considering the mean prostate volume(39 .27 mL) as the reference point ,40 mL was set as the cut-off value of prostate volume .Therefore ,there were 80 .95% prostate carcinoma group patients whose prostate volume were less than 40 mL , and 68 .57% benign prostate hyperplasia group patients whose prostate volume were larger than 40 mL .Considering the PSAD val-ue(0 .147) as the reference point ,0 .15 was set as the cut-off value of PSAD .Therefore ,the sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predic-tive value and negative predictive value among patients with prostate volume less than 40 mL ,the datas were respectively as 80 .95% ,72 .73% ,85% and 61 .54% .While ,among patients with prostate volume larger than 40 mL ,were respectively as 75% , 66 .67% ,27 .27% and 94 .11% .Conclusion PSAD was of certain value in the differential diagnosis of prostate carcinoma in PSA gray zone cases .If PSAD=0 .15 was consider as the cut-off point ,the sensitivity and specificity of differential diagnosis for prostate carcinoma decreased as the prostate volume increase .However ,the influencing factors are still to be elucidated .

Objective To understand the relationship among junior college students' anxious status in testing and studying behaviors and studying result. Methods TAS anxiety scale was used for the evaluation of anxious status, and data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results Statistical significance was observed among different specialties. Sex, socioeconomic status and living environment did not affect TAS score. The higher the anxious status was, the worse the studying results will be. The anxious status was associated with some studying behaviors. Conclusions Anxiety was correlated with specialities and studying behaviors, and affected studying result.

Objective To evaluate the significance of weight-bearing lateral radiographs in evaluation of malunited frac-tures of the ankle. Methods 17 patients with malunited fractures of the ankle were treated by different reconstructive operations be-tween March 2010 and October 2012, including 9 females and 8 males, aged from 17 to 64 years. According to the Takakura classifi-cation of ankle arthritis, there were 7 patients in grade 1, 4 in grade 2 and 6 in grade 3. Simple open reduction and internal fixation were performed in 5 patients, supramalleolar tibial osteotomy in 5, lengthening osteotomy of the fibula in 2, supramalleolar tibial and fibular osteotomy in 5. Tibiofibular clear space on the anteroposterior radiograph. Medial clear space, tibiofibular clear space and tib-iofibular overlap on ankle mortise radiographs were compared preoperatively and at last follow-up. Tibial lateral surface angle (TLS), the offset of the center of talar rotation from the tibial axis, and the displacement of tibiotalar articular surface center on weight-bear-ing lateral X-ray were also compared preoperatively and at last follow-up. AOFAS score was used to evaluate the function of the ankle. Results The duration of follow-up was 9 to 32 months. Bone healing was observed in all patients, and the average healing time was 11 to 14 weeks. Ankle joint degeneration grade had no exacerbation. The medial clear space, tibiofibular clear space and tibiofibular overlap had no significant difference between the pre and postoperative. Statistically significant change was seen postoperatively in the values of TLS (76.9°±4.1° vs 80.9°±5.2°). The offset of the center of rotation from the tibial axis and the displacement of tibiotalar articular surface center were changed from 10.8 ± 2.1 mm to 2.0 ± 0.5 mm and 4.5 ± 1.5 mm to 2.2 ± 1.0 mm, respectively. The average AOFAS score was improved from 45.7 ± 15.9 points preoperatively to 82.0 ± 9.9 points postoperatively. Conclusion Weight-bearing lateral radiographs can be used to judge the ankle restoration. Even if the mortise radiograph had relative good realignment, it may ap-pear obvious deformity on lateral radiographs. Good reduction of lateral radiographs requires that the mid axis of the tibia should pass through the center of talar rotation and tibiotalar articular surface be parallel on the lateral radiograph.

Objective To investigate the clinical curative result of the new method of postermedial deepen of the fibular groove in the treatment of chronic peroneal tendon subluxation.Methods From March 2006 to October 2012,21 patients (15 male,6 female) with chronic peroneal tendon subluxation via a novel method of postermedial deepen of the fibular groove.In this group:Ⅰ grade 5 cases;Ⅱ grade 9 cases;Ⅲ grade 5 cases;Ⅳ grade 2 cases.All patients were followed up for at least 24 months.The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot scale score and visual analogue score (VAS) were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes.Operation time,time to heal and complications were also recorded.Results The average operation time was 50 minutes (30-70 minutes).The blood loss was 30-60 ml,average 40 ml.All incisions healed after operation,no case of incision infection,skin necrosis and sural nerve,vascular injuryed.Mean AOFAS score was significantly increased from (55.2±7.1) preoperative to (93.6±5.6) postoperative.15 patients with excellent,good for 1 cases.The excellent and good rate was 100％ (16/16).VAS score by an average of (5.3±2.1) points down to (1.2±1.1) points postperative.All the patients can wear normal shoes postoperative,waking with normal gait.No patients had peroneal tendon tenosynovitis,tendon adhesion,fracture of lateral malleolus and other serious complications,no dislocation recurrent,strength of the peroneal muscle returns to normal.Conclusion The novel method of postermedial deepen of the fibular groove in the treatment of chronic peroneal tendon subluxation was safe and effective for ankle instability with a relatively short time.

Objective To study on the different results of a minimally invasive method to reconstruct the ligaments of the lateral ankle using semitendinosus tendon autograft and tendon allograft.Methods Data of 68 patients with chronic ankle instability who had undergone lateral ligament reconstruction from September 2006 to June 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.In the group of semitendinosus autograft,there were 32 patients (19 males,13 females) with an average age of 32.4 years old.Semitendinosus was harvested through 2 small knee incisions.While in the group of tendon allograft,there were 36 patients (22 males,14 females) with an average age of 34.2 years old.For the ankle reconstruction,4 small incisions of 5 mm each were made at the medial and lateral side of the fibular tip,the talar neck,and the middle of the calcaneus.Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior talofibular ligament and calcaneofibular ligament was then performed through these small incisions.AOFAS questionnaires were used to measure clinical outcomes,donor site morbidity and patients' satisfaction.Preoperative and postoperative stress tests were performed and radiographic parameters were measured.Results The average operation time of the autograft group 85.5 ± 11.5 min was significantly longer than that in the allograft group 58.1±10.2 min,but the fever days in the latter 5.5±1.5 d was significantly longer than in the former 2.5±1.2 d.In autograft group,23 patients got followed up,and the mean period of follow-up was 33.5±6.7 months.The mean AOFAS score increased from 62.3±8.2 to 95.1 ±7.5.In allograft group,26 patients got followed up,and the mean period of follow-up was 28.5±6.7 months.The mean AOFAS score increased from 60.2±8.4 to 94.8±5.5.There were 5 patients (3 of autugraft group and 2 of allograft group) with residual instability on uneven ground.One case of the autologous group had instability in daily life.No patient presented weakness or disability in the donor site.The satisfaction level of the autograft group was excellent in 16,good in 5 and bad in 2.Significant improvement in stress radiographic parameters was noted for the talar tilt angle,with reduction from a mean of 14.0° to 3.8°; anterior talar displacement reduced from a mean of 12.3 to 4.6 mm.The satisfaction level of the allograft group was excellent in 17,good in 5 and bad in 4.The talar tilt angle reduced from 13.0° to 3.6°; anterior talar displacement reduced from 11.5 to 4.3 mm.Conclusion There is no differences in efficacy could we found in using these 2 kinds of materials.The process of healing and rehabilitation of tendon autograft is slightly faster than the tendon allograft,but the allograft tendon has many advantages such as limited injury,simple procedure andavoiding of donor site morbidity.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the value of P53mt and BCL-2 proteins in screening skin carcinoma due to arseniasis.

METHODSP53mt and BCL-2 proteins were detected by immunohistochemical staining. chi(2) test was used to analyze the difference of positive rate between two groups. Screening value of the two biomarkers was also evaluated through the analysis of relative indexes.

RESULTSPositive percentages of P53mt and BCL-2 in carcinoma group were 88.89% and 94.44% respectively, both were higher than those of 36.0% and 66.0% in non-carcinoma group (for P53mt, P < 0.01; for BCL-2, P < 0.05). ORs of P53mt and BCL-2 were 14.22 (2.93 - 68.97) and 8.76 (1.07 - 71.51), respectively. Youden's Index and specificity of P53mt were 0.529 and 64.0%, which were much higher than those of BCL-2. Serial tests improved the value of screening with Youden's Index 0.569, but parallel test lowered it to 0.244.

CONCLUSIONSP53mt and BCL-2 were practical biomarkers to screen skin carcinoma due to arseniasis, and the former was better than the latter. The value of screening can be improved by a series of tests.

Arsenic Poisoning ; complications ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mass Screening ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Skin ; chemistry ; pathology ; Skin Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; etiology ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the imaging quality and radiation doses of dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) coronary angiography at a low tube voltage in patients with medium and low heart rate.Methods Eighty-five patients[heart rate (HR) ＜ 91 beats per minute (bpm); body mass index (BMI) 17. 51-30. 00 kg/m2]suspected of coronary artery disease received retrospectively ECG-gating coronary angiography with dual-source CT scanner (Somatom Definition, Siemens) at a tube voltage of 100 kVp. For all patients, no beta-blocker was used before CT scan. According to the HR, the patients were divided into three groups: Group A, HR ≤ 59 bpm, n = 27; Group B, HR 60-69 bpm, n = 29; Group C,HR ≥70 bpm, n = 29. All images were transferred to a workstation for postprocessing. The best R-R interval reconstruction images of all groups were evaluated. The value of pitch, CT volume dosage index (CTDIvol), dose length product (DLP)and effective dose (ED)were recorded. The pitch, the score of imaging quality of coronary artery segments and the radiation dose were compared with one-way ANOVA. The influence of HR on image quality and radiation doses of coronary artery was analyzed. Results The value of pitch in Group A, Group B and Group C was 0. 241 ± 0. 025, 0. 286 ± 0. 034 and 0. 335 ± 0. 036,respectively. The mean score of imaging quality of coronary artery segments in Group A, Group B and Group C was 4. 78 ± 0. 26, 4. 66 ± 0. 56 and 4. 70 ± 0. 46, respectively. The value of CTDIvol in Group A,Group B and Group C was (18.06 ±5. 16), (19. 62 ±7. 15) and (17. 50 ±7. 13) mGy, respectively. The value of ED in group A, Group B and Group C was (4.23 ± 1.76), (4.59 ± 1.75) and (4.12 ±1.39) mSv, respectively. There was statistical difference in value of pitch among the three groups (F =60. 00, P= 0. 00). There were no statistical difference in score of imaging quality, CTDIvol and value of ED among the three groups (F = 0. 53, P = 0. 59; F = 0. 83, P = 0. 44 ; F = 0. 86, P = 0. 43). Conclusion Medium and low HR have little influences on image quality of dual-source CT coronary angiography at a low tube voltage. When the auto ECG-gating is selected, there is little influence on radiation dosage as well.