Objective To explore colloidal gold method used to detect fecal occult blood tests(FOB)detection capability and establish the laboratory standard operation of detecting FOB limit of blank(LOB),limit of detection (LOD)and quantifica-tion limit (LOQ)according to the CLSI document《Evaluation of Detection Capability for Clinical Laboratory Measurement Procedures;Approved Guideline-Second Edition》(EP17-A2),in order to reduce the false negative rate of the weakly positive samples,and to provide a way of quantitative detection for qualitative detection of colloidal gold method.Methods Detected series of solution of hemoglobin made of dissolved fresh whole blood with the ELISA kit of human free hemoglobin,and es-tablished the standard curve of detection of FOB with colloidal gold method.Detected the blank samples and a series of low concentration samples with the colloidal gold test strip of FOB and measured the color bands by the Nato Checker710.The quantitative results obtained were statistically analysised by SPSS 1 9.0 and calculated blank limit,detection limit and quanti-fication limit.Results The LOB,LOD and LOD were 99.01,340.48 and 354.9 ng/ml according to the methods in CLSI EP1 7-A2 ducument.Conclusion The detection limits established by CLSI EP1 7-A2 document was more scientific in j udge-ment positive or negative to FOB than which used naked eye and can meet the clinical laboratory and clinical doctor require-ment better.Clinical laboratories should be strictly in detection limits of reagents in order to ensure their effectiveness,and should be generaly to other tests based on colloidal gold method.

AIM To investigate the effects of serine/threonine protein phosphatases in regulation of cell signal transduction on voltage-gated potassium and calcium channels in cultured rat trigeminal ganglion (TRG) neurons. METHODS Whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record the potassium and calcium currents from adult rat TRG neurons before and after perfusion of okadaic acid, a potent inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. RESULTS Okadaic acid 1 μmol·L-1 inhibited transient outwards potassium currents (IA) by 28.6%, increased delay rectified potassium currents (IK) and calcium currents (ICa) by 22.7% and 20.0%, respectively. okadaic acid 1 μmol·L-1 produced significant hyperpolarizing shifts in the conductance-voltage (G-V) curves and inactivation curves of IA , also produced significant hyperpolarizing shifts in the G-V curves of IK, while it had no effect on the activation and inactivation kinetics of ICa. CONCLUSION Serine/threonine protein phosphatases 1 and 2A may be involved in the modulation of voltage-gated potassium and calcium channels on rat TRG neurons. In addition, voltage-gated potassium and calcium channels show different dependence on the dephosphorylation reactions of PP1 and PP2A phosphatases.

Objective To compare the accuracy of blood volume perfusion imaging (perfusion CT)with contrast enhanced 64-slice spiral computed tomography (CECT) in the evaluation of gross tumor volume (GTV) and clinical target volume (CTV) using rabbits with VX2 brain tumor. Methods Perfusion CT and CECT were performed in 20 rabbits with VX2 brain tumor. The GTV and CTV calculated with the maximal and minimal diameter of each tumor in the blood volume (BV) maps and CECT were measured and compared to those in pathological specimens. Results The mean value of the maximal and minimal diameter of GTV was (8.19 ± 2. 29) mm and (4.83 ± 1.31) mm in pathological specimens, (11.98 ±3.29) mmand (7.03±1.82) mm in BV maps, while (6.36±3.85) mm and (3.17±1.93) mm in CECT images, which were significantly different (pathological specimen vs. BV map, t = 7. 17,P =0. 000;pathological specimen vs. CECT, t = 8.37, P = 0. 000, respectively). The mean value of the maximal and minimal diameter of CTV in pathologic specimens was (12.87 ± 3.74) mm and (7.71 ± 2. 15) mm, which was significantly different from that of GTV and CTV in CECT (t = - 3. 18, P = 0. 005 and t = - 4. 24, P =0. 000;t= -11.59,P=0.000 and t= -9.39,P=0.000), while similar with that of GTV in BV maps (t = - 1.95,P = 0. 067; t = - 2. 06, P = 0. 054). For CECT, the margin from GTV to CTV was 81.83% ±40.33% for the maximal diameter and 276.73% ± 131.46% for the minimal. While for BV maps, the margin was 7.93% ± 17. 84% and 12.52% ± 27. 83%, which was significant different from that for CECT images (t=7.36,P=0. 000 and t= -8.78,P=0.000). Conclusions Compared with CECT, the BV map from 64-slice spiral CT peffusion imaging might have higher accuracy in target volume delineation for brain tumor.

In the experimental study on the electrophysiology and functions of heart in the animal, the thorax should be opened to expose the heart, at the same time natural breathing is maintained instead of artificial breathing. The key procedure of this new method is to avoid injuring the pleural cavity, so pneumothorax can be prevented. By means of this new method some subject studies have been finished.
Electrophysiology/instrumentation ; Heart/*physiology ; *Models, Animal ; *Respiration ; Swine ; Thoracic Surgical Procedures ; Time Factors

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of rituximab (RTX) and cyclophosphamide/azathioprine (CYC/AZA) in the treatment of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-related vasculitis (AAV).Methods:After setting up the search strategy, the inclusion and screening criteria of the literature were determined, the Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China Biomedical Literature Database, CNKI, Wanfang Database, Weipu Database were searched for RTX and CYC/AZA treatment for AAV. For randomized controlled studies, in which the experimental group was RTX for AAV, and the control group was CYC/AZA for AAV were included. The retrieval time span was from January 2000 to June 2021, and the data obtained were analyzed using Revman 5.3 software.Results:A total of 9 articles and 4 studies were included, with a total of 384 patients, including 203 cases in the experimental group and 181 cases in the control group. In the treatment of AAV, the difference in the remission rate of RTX and CYC/AZA treatment of AAV was statistically significant, and the remission rate of the RTX group was higher [ OR(95% CI)=1.58(1.03, 2.40), P=0.03]. For the remission rates of different types of AAV, RTX and CYC/AZA were benefit for the treatment of granulomatous vasculitis, microscopic polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatous vasculitis, there was no statistically significant difference in the remission rate of patients with protease 3-related vasculitis and myeloperoxidase-related vasculitis. The incidence of granulocytopenia in the RTX group was significantly lower than that in the CYC/AZA group, and RTX treatment could reduce the incidence of other serious adverse reactions. Conclusion:For the remission induction therapy, RTX is not inferior to CYC for all subtypes of AAV. In the maintenance treatment phase, RTX has a higher remission rate and a lower recurrence rate. During the entire treatment process, patients who were treated with RTX had a higher long-term remission rate than patients who were not treated with RTX. RTX can effectively reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions such as neutropenia.

This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of adrenergic system in the subnucleus commissuriu of nucleus solitrius tractus (CNTS) on renal nerve discharges. Norepinephrine (NE) was microinjected into the CNTS of rabbits and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and renal nerve discharges (FRND) were synchronously recorded. The results indicated that (1) microinjection of norepinephine into the CNTS of rabbit could significantly attenuate the frequency of renal nerve discharge, and at the same time decrease markedly the mean arterial pressure. (2) Microinjection of 0.3 nmol yohimbin into CNTS had no significant influence on FRND and MAP, but could attenuate and even reverse the effects of NE on FRND and MAP. These results suggest that microinjection of NE into CNTS may activate the alpha-adrenorecptor located in CNTS and secondarily produce a depressor effect by attenuating the activity of periphenal sympathetic nervous system.
Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Depression, Chemical ; Kidney/*innervation ; Microinjections ; Norepinephrine/*pharmacology ; Solitary Nucleus/*physiology ; Sympathetic Nervous System/drug effects ; Sympathetic Nervous System/*physiopathology ; Vasomotor System/physiopathology

L-homocysteic acid (HCA) and other amino acids were conjugated to rat brain material ( extracted rat brain protein) with glutaraldehyde to form HCA- and amino acids-brain material con-jugates. The specificity of monoclonal antibody (McAb) was tested on serial dilution test and ab-sorption test on enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using these conjugates as antigens instead of amino acids-BSA (bovine serum albumin) conjugates used previously. The characterized McAb was applied for immunohistochemical staining using PAP (peroxidase antiperoxidase) tech-nique in combination with silver enhancement of diamino-benzene (DAB) products. The results in-dicated that McAb to L-HCA reacted with L-HCA-brain material conjugates, but not with other a-mino acids-brain material conjugates so far tested. McAb absorbed with L-HCA-brain material a-bolished or decreased immunoreactivity of L-HCA-brain material with McAb. The antibody selec-tively stained subpopulation of cells and processes in the hippocampus fixed with glutaradehyde. Absorption of McAb with L-HCA-brain material abolished immunohistochemical staining. These results suggested that McAb was specific for L-HCA-brain materials and could be used for imuno-histocytochemistry. This would provide a new tool for immunohistochemical visualization and locali-zation of L-HCA in the nervous system.

Summary: This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of adrenergic system in the subnucleus commissuriu of nucleus solitrius tractus (CNTS) on renal nerve discharges. Norepinephrine (NE) was microinjected into the CNTS of rabbits and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and renal nerve discharges (FRND) were synchronously recorded. The results indicated that (1) microinjection of norepinephine into the CNTS of rabbit could significantly attenuate the frequency of renal nerve discharge, and at the same time decrease markedly the mean arterial pressure. (2) Microinjection of 0.3 nmol yohimbin into CNTS had no significant influence on FRND and MAP, but could attenuate and even reverse the effects of NE on FRND and MAP. These results suggest that microinjection of NE into CNTS may activate the alpha-adrenorecptor located in CNTS and secondarily produce a depressor effect by attenuating the activity of peripheral sympathetic nervous system.

Objective:There is currently no consensus on the ideal plane for implant placement in breast reconstruction. This meta-analysis provides a comparison of prepectoral breast reconstruction (PBR) vs. subpectoral breast reconstruction (SBR), with primary outcomes of surgical efficacy and patient safety, to find out the best surgical approach.Methods:PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched from January 1st, 2019, to April 1st, 2022, to retrieve studies that compared PBR with SBR after mastectomies. The main outcomes were surgical complications and satisfaction with breasts domain. The literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the data was extracted and the methodological quality of the included studies was assessed by 2 reviewers independently. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3.Results:A total of 14 comparative studies with 2 355 patients were included. The meta-analysis showed no statistical differences in seroma, implant removal, flap necrosis, capsular contracture, and wound dehiscence between PBR and SBR groups. PBR patients demonstrated lower hematoma, animation deformity rates, and higher BREAST-Q scores compared to SBR groups.Conclusions:Surgical efficacy and patient safety are similar between PBR and SBR groups. PBR patients have lower hematoma, animation deformity rates and are more satisfied with breasts domain. Further well-designed multi-center prospective studies are required to increase the robustness of the findings.

Objective To observe the efficacy of lienal polypeptide injection combined with conventional therapy in treatment of children with recurrent respiratory infection and their influence on immune function.Methods A total of 128 children with recurrent respiratory infection were randomly divided into observation group and control group.Control group was given conventional therapy.On the basis of control group,observation group was given additional lienal polypeptide injection.All the children were followed up for 6 months,and the occurrence of respiratory infection was recorded.The changes of IgA,IgM,IgG and CD3 +,CD4 +,CDs +,CD4 +/CDs + were observed.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the IgA,IgM and IgG levels of observation group increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05)while control group had no significant change (P ＞ 0.05).The CD3 +,CD4 +,CD4 +/CDs + of observation group increased significantly and CDs + decreased significantly after treatment (P ＜ 0.05),while control group had no significant change (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion On the basis of conventional therapy,lienal polypeptide injection can improve the therapeutic effect and enhance the immune function in children with recurrent respiratory infection.