Objective To investigate the protective effect of prostaglandin E 1 on renal tubules of early stage hypertensive renal damage.Methods Forty-five patients were divided into two groups:Common treatment group who were treated with anti-hypertensive drugs,which were calcium channel blocking agents and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,and PGE 1 treatment group who were treated with both anti-hypertensive drugs and PGE 1.PGE 1 was given intravenously at dosage of 10?g per day. Two weeks after starting treatment,the urine alpha1 microglobulin(? 1-MG), N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) and 24 hours total urinary proteins were examined in these two groups.Results After two week treatment, 24 hours total urinary proteins decreased in both groups, however, the urine ? 1-MG, NAG decreased only in PGE 1 treatment group (P

Objective To evaluate the effects of curcumin on the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase (p-ERK) and phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (p-CREB) in the spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in type 2 diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) in rats.Methods Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by high-fat and high-sucrose diet and intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) 35mg/kg,and confirmed by fasting blood glucose level≥ 16.7 mmol/L in male Sprague-Dawley rats.Type 2 DNP was confirmed by the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdraw latency (TWL) measured on day 14 after STZ administration ＜ 80％ of the baseline value,and the rats with type 2 DNP were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =27 each):type 2 DNP group (group DNP),curcumin group (group Cur) and solvent control group (group SC).Curcumin and corn oil 100 mg/kg (25 mg/ml) were injected intraperitoneally once a day for 14consecutive days starting from 14 days after administration of streptozocin in Cur and SC groups,respectively.Another 27 normal rats were served as control group (group C) and were fed with common forage.MWT and TWL were measured at 3,7 and 14 days after curcumin injection (T1 3),and the lumbar segment 4-6 of the spinal cord and DRGs were removed at the same time for determination of the expression of p-ERK and p-CREB (by Western blot).Results Compared with group C,MWT was significantly decreased,TWL was shortened,and the expression of p-ERK and p-CREB in spinal dorsal horn and DRGs was up-regulated at T1-3 in DNP and SC groups,and at T1 in Cur group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group DNP,MWT was significantly increased,TWL was prolonged,and the expression of p-ERK and p-CREB in spinal dorsal horn and DRGs was down-regulated at T2,3 in Cur group (P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the MWT,TWL and expression of p-ERK and p-CREB between DNP and SC groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Curcumin can attenuate type 2 diabetic DNP by inhibiting up-regulation of the expression of p-ERK and p-CREB in the spinal dorsal horn and DRG in rats.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of curcumin on the behavior of chronic constrictive injury (CCI) rats and the CX3CR1 expression in spinal cord dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglia (DRG).

METHODSeventy-two male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1) Sham operation group (Sham); 2) Chronic constrictive injury group (CCI); 3) Curcumin treated group (Cur), administrated with curcumin 100 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) ip for 14 days after CCI; 4) Solvent contrast group (SC), administrated with an equal volume of solvent for 14 days after CCI. Paw thermal withdrawal (PTWL) and paw mechanical withdrawal threshold (PMWT) were measured on 2 pre-operative and 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 post-operative days respectively. The lumbar segments L4-5 of the spinal cord and the L4, L5 DRG were removed at 3, 7, 14 days after surgery. The expression of CX3CR1 was determined by immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTCompared with Sham group, PTWL and PMWT in CCI group were significantly lower on each post-operative day (P<0.01), which reached a nadir on the 3rd day after CCI (PTWL was 6.5 +/- 1.1, PMWT was 22.6 +/- 5.1), and the expression of CX3CR1 were markedly increased in spinal cord dorsal horn and DRG. In Cur group, PTWL were higher than in CCI group on 7, 10, 14 post-operative day (P<0.05), and PMWT were higher than those in CCI group on 10 and 14 post-operative day (P<0.05). The administration of curcumin could significantly attenuate the activation of CX3CR1 induced by CCI.

CONCLUSIONThe study suggests that curcumin ameliorates the CCI-induced neuropathic pain, probably by attenuating the expression of CX3CR1 in spinal cord dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglia.

Analgesics ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1 ; Curcumin ; administration & dosage ; Disease Models, Animal ; Down-Regulation ; drug effects ; Ganglia, Spinal ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Male ; Neuralgia ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Posterior Horn Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Chemokine ; drug effects ; metabolism

ObjectiveTo propose a three-degree-of-freedom model of electric wheelchair, to optimize the steering stability of the wheelchair. MethodsBased on the two degrees of freedom vehicle model and considering the influence of body inertia and lateral wind, the wheelchair roll angle was introduced to establish the three degrees of freedom steering model of wheelchair. The lateral velocity, centroid sideslip angle, yaw rate and body roll angle response of the motor angular velocity input under different working conditions were simulated and analyzed respectively. Taking KS2 electric wheelchair as an example, the wheelchair steering experiment was designed to verify the rationality and feasibility of the model, and the optimization effect of the model algorithm on the wheelchair handling and stability. ResultsThe maneuverability and stability of the electric wheelchair with three degrees of freedom model algorithm were significantly improved, and the response curve was smoother. The smaller the |V_L-V_R|/t was, the better the handling stability was when the left and right motors of the wheelchair had the same steering direction. When |V_L-V_R|/t was the same, the steering maneuverability was better on the reverse rotation of the motor, but the handling stability also decreased. ConclusionThe simulation analysis is in good agreement with the experimental results, which verifies that the model is reasonable and feasible. The model algorithm can better optimize the handling stability of electric wheelchairs, and can be generally applied to study and analyze the handling stability of different wheelchairs when they turn.

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the value of narrow band imaging (NBI) cystoscopy in detection of bladder cancer.

METHODSLiteratures on narrow-band imaging cystoscopy in diagnosis of bladder cancer, controlled clinical research was searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library,EMbase, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. The literatures were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Meta-DiSc 1.4 software was used to review management and analysis.

RESULTSThe 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. On a per-people analysis, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of NBI cystoscopy and white light imaging (WLI) cystoscopy were respectively 0.943 (95%CI: 0.914-0.964) and 0.848 (95%CI: 0.803- 0.885), 0.847 (95%CI: 0.812-0.878) and 0.870 (95%CI: 0.831-0.903), 7.038 (95%CI: 3.357-14.754) and 6.938 (95%CI: 2.052-23.465), 0.054 (95%CI: 0.012-0.237) and 0.181 (95%CI: 0.091-0.361), 185.32 (95%CI: 45.714-751.260) and 42.931 (95%CI: 8.088-227.880). The areas under the curve (AUC) and Q* of NBI cystoscopy and WLI cystoscopy were 0.978 and 0.894, 0.934 and 0.825 respectively.

CONCLUSIONNBI cystoscopy is accurate with high diagnostic precision for diagnosis of bladder cancer. NBI cystoscopy is prior to WLI cystoscopy, but it needs more clinical evidence for further affirmance.

Cystoscopy ; methods ; Humans ; Narrow Band Imaging ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; diagnosis

BackgroundFunctional near-infrared spectroscopy （fNIRS） is a new generation of imaging tool that can be used to assist the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. However， whether the patterns of prefrontal cortex activation observed by fNIRS are specific for different psychiatric disorders remains to be explored. ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of prefrontal cortex activation in patients with depression， anxiety disorder， bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in verbal fluency task （VFT） using fNIRS. MethodsFrom September to December 2021， 39 patients with schizophrenia， 205 patients with depressive disorder， 212 patients with anxiety disorder and 77 patients with bipolar disorder meeting the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） were recruited in the outpatient and inpatient department of West China Hospital， Sichuan University. fNIRS was used to monitor the prefrontal cortex hemodynamic changes of patients under VFT， and the clinical symptoms of patients were assessed by Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90） and Hypomania Checklist-32 items（HCL-32）. Differences in mean oxyhemoglobin （HbO₂） concentration and the initial slope from 2 to 7 second during VFT were compared among patients with different diseases， and the correlation between mean HbO₂ concentration/initial slope and clinical symptoms was analyzed by partial correlation analysis. ResultsThe concentration of HbO₂ in channel 4 （Z=2.828， P=0.028） and channel 6 （Z=2.912， P=0.022） in patients with depression were significantly higher than those in patients with schizophrenia. Patients with anxiety had significantly higher changes in mean HbO₂ concentration in channel 4 （Z=3.154， P=0.010）， channel 5 （Z=3.021， P=0.015）， channel 6 （Z=2.980， P=0.017） and of all channels （Z=2.881， P=0.024） than those of schizophrenia patients. There was a statistically significant difference in the initial slope of channel 3 between patients with depressive disorder and those with bipolar disorder （Z=2.691， P=0.039）. Among patients with bipolar disorder， the anger-hostility scores of SCL-90 were negatively correlated with the mean HbO₂ concentration changes in channel 4 （r=-0.505， P=0.004）， channel 6 （r=-0.390， P=0.004）， channel 15 （r=-0.546， P=0.002）， channel 16 （r=-0.550， P=0.002） and the mean HbO₂ concentration changes of all channels （r=-0.491， P=0.006）. ConclusionPatients with schizophrenia had lower activation in frontopolar and orbitofrontal region than patients with depression and anxiety disorder， and the initial slope of the right frontopolar， inferior frontal and orbitofrontal region in patients with depression is higher than patients with bipolar disorder. In addition， patients with bipolar disorder had less activation in the frontopolar and orbitofrontal lobe， the insular cover of Broca's area and the upper outer frontal cortex， and were more irritable and hostile. ［Funded by 1·3·5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence-Clinical Research Incubation Project， West China Hospital， Sichuan University （number， ZYJC21083）］