Cleft lip and/or palate are the most common congenital malformations in the head and neck region throughout the world. Both genetic and environmental influences were believed to cause cleft lip and palate. This study has been undertaken in order to find the possible relationship between cleft lip and palate and drug use in early pregnancy. The data from 314 mothers of infants who have cleft deformity under 2 years old were analyzed as a case group. And the data from 312 mothers of healthy infants under 2 year old were analyzed as a control group. The data including birth weight of baby, age of mother and drug use in early pregnancy were collected through direct interview using questionnaire. The data were calculated by multivariate analysis to evaluate the possible association between drug use in early pregnancy and the occurrence of cleft deformity. There was no difference between the case and control group regarding to birth weight and the age of mother. And there was positive relations of smoking of mother and indoor smoking of father with the occurrence of cleft palate. Alcohol consumption of mother was also related with the occurrence of cleft lip and cleft lip with palate. The data showed positive relation of the drugs for common cold-including antitussives, antihistamine, NSAID-with the occurrence of cleft lip and cleft lip with palate. There was also positive relation of herb medicine with the occurrence of cleft lip and isolated cleft palate. In the case of multivitamin users, significantly decreasing cleft lip occurrence was showed. The data showed that the exposure of some kinds of drugs in early pregnancy may play some role in the development of cleft deformity. But further studies designed to focus on specific component of suspected drugs and the amount exposed in early pregnancy to reveal the causal relationship are also needed.
Alcohol Drinking ; Antitussive Agents ; Birth Weight ; Case-Control Studies* ; Child, Preschool ; Cleft Lip ; Cleft Palate ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Fathers ; Head ; Humans ; Infant ; Mothers ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neck ; Palate ; Pregnancy* ; Questionnaires ; Smoke ; Smoking

A 40-year-old female visited our clinic for visual disturbance of the right eye, in which a few creamy-yellow retinal lesions and visual field constrictions were noted. She had been treated for primary CNS lymphoma and was in complete remission. After failure to follow-up for three months, she lost vision in the right eye, at which time active panuveitis was seen. Decreased vision and field constriction was observed in the left eye. Her left eye showed a granular pattern and dye leakage from the vessels and disc on fluorescein angiography and small RPE humps were seen in optical coherence tomography (OCT). Diffuse large malignant B-cells with strong immunoreactivities with CD20 immunostaining were seen in the epiretinal membrane biopsy specimen. Intravitreal injections of methotrexate (MTX) (800 microgram/0.1 ml in the right eye, 400 microgram/0.05 ml in the left eye) were performed twice weekly for one month, once weekly for the following month, once every two weeks for the next month, followed by nine monthly injections. Both eyes were free from malignant cells on vitreous biopsy six months later. There was no leakage seen by angiography, but the granular pattern persisted. Visual field constriction was slightly improved, and the small RPE humpsdetachments seen in OCT disappeared. EOG Arden ratio was decreased in both eyes, and b wave amplitude of scotopic ERG was decreased in the left eye. She was free from recurrence until six months later. No ocular complications except minimal opacity of the crystalline lenses were noted in both eyes.
Adult ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/*administration & dosage ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Eye Neoplasms/*drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Injections ; Lymphoma/*drug therapy ; Methotrexate/*administration & dosage ; Treatment Outcome ; Vitreous Body

Recently, sedation is routinely used in children who lacked cooperation in pediatric dental clinics. The purpose of this study is to analyze dental treatment cases in department of pediatric dentistry at Dankook University Dental Hospital associating with sedation during 5 years.From January 2011 to December 2015, information about dental treatment cases in department of pediatric dentistry was collected and reviewed. The information gathered included patient gender, age, sedation type, sedative agents, date of operation, and type of procedure.The proportion of treatment cases with conscious sedation for total treatment cases continued to decline until 2014. On the other hand, the incidence of general anesthesia increased gradually. The frequency of midazolam administration and nitrous oxide inhalation sedation increased recently. The use of conscious sedation was significantly decreased when the age of patient was 3 years or older. The frequency of general anesthesia was similar in all age groups. There was a tendency to perform treatment with deeper sedation when the patient was male than female, and when the pulp treatment was performed together with the restorative treatment than not performed. The frequency of re-treatment within 90 days after restoration treatment decreased as the depth of sedation increased.
Anesthesia, General ; Child ; Conscious Sedation ; Dental Clinics ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inhalation ; Male ; Midazolam ; Nitrous Oxide ; Pediatric Dentistry ; Retrospective Studies ; Statistics as Topic

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare condition that usually occurs in children and commonly affects the skeletal system. It is extremely rare in adults, especially in the clavicles. In this report, we describe a pathologically confirmed case of LCH in the clavicle of a 50-year-old male. We report various radiological findings, such as plain radiography, CT, MR, and PET-CT, along with a review of the literature.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare condition that usually occurs in children and commonly affects the skeletal system. It is extremely rare in adults, especially in the clavicles. In this report, we describe a pathologically confirmed case of LCH in the clavicle of a 50-year-old male. We report various radiological findings, such as plain radiography, CT, MR, and PET-CT, along with a review of the literature.

We present an epidemiologic study of cleft lip and palate in the Republic of Korea from January 1, 1993 through December 31, 1993. In 1993, the number of total live births was 715,817. And from 1993 through 1995, a total of 1,293 new patients with cleft lip and palate who were born in 1993 were identified. The incidence of cleft lip and palate was 1.81 per 1000, that is, 1 per 554 live births. The cleft lip: cleft lip and palate: cleft palate alone ratio was 1.13:1:1.19. The male: female ratio was 2.1:1 in the cleft lip group, and 2.5:1 in the cleft lip and palate group. We could detect a male predominance in both groups. In contrast, the ratio was 0.95:1 in the cleft palate group. The left: right: bilateral ratio was 1.9:1:0.23 in cleft lip group, and the ratio was 2.2:1:1.1 in the cleft lip and palate group. This is the first nation-wide study to provide detailed data on the incidence of cleft lip and palate in the live births in the Republic of Korea.
Cleft Lip/*epidemiology ; Cleft Palate/*epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male

No abstract available.
Biopsy* ; Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal* ; Kidney* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures have become common in aging societies and can lead to a decreased quality of life with severe back pain and neurological deficits.Traditional direct decompression and stabilization surgeries can produce sufficient decompression and provide good results. However, after surgical treatment, some elderly patients with numerous chronic diseases often experience severe postoperative complications owing to the long surgery duration and massive bleeding. Therefore, to prevent perioperative morbidity, other surgical methods that simplify the surgical process and reduce the operation time are required. Herein, we describe a case of indirect decompression using ligamentotaxis and sequential anabolic agents. To examine their effectiveness during surgery, we monitored intraoperative motor-evoked potentials. The patient’s neurological symptoms improved postoperatively. After the operation, the anabolic agent “romosozumab” was injected monthly to treat osteoporosis, prevent additional fractures, and accelerate posterolateral fusion. On serial follow-up, the anterior body height of the fractured vertebra improved significantly, demonstrating the importance of osteoporosis treatment using anabolic agents.Indirect decompression surgery may have early effects, whereas sequential anabolic agent use may consolidate the long-term effects of surgical treatment.

Alkaptonuria is an extremely rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by dark urine, ochronosis, and arthritis of the spine and major joints. We report a case of ochronotic arthritis observed during total knee replacement surgery in a 65-year-old male patient with no relevant medical history. Based on a literature review, this is the first case of ochronotic arthritis reported in Korea.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a life-threatening complication in critically ill patients. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of bedside endoscopy in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting, and to compare the outcomes of early endoscopy (within 24 hours of detecting GI bleeding) with late endoscopy (after 24 hours). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent bedside endoscopy for nonvariceal upper GI bleeding and lower GI bleeding that occurred after ICU admission at Seoul National University Hospital from January 2010 to May 2015. RESULTS: Two hundred and fifty-three patients underwent bedside esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for upper GI bleeding (early, 187; late, 66) and 69 underwent bedside colonoscopy (CS) for lower GI bleeding (early, 36; late, 33). Common endoscopic findings were peptic ulcer, and acute gastric mucosal lesion in the EGD group, as well as ischemic colitis and acute hemorrhagic rectal ulcers in the CS group. Early EGD significantly increased the rate of finding the bleeding focus (82% vs. 73%, p = 0.003) and endoscopic hemostasis (32% vs. 12%, p = 0.002) compared with late EGD. However, early CS significantly decreased the rate of identifying the bleeding focus (58% vs. 82%, p = 0.008) and hemostasis (19% vs. 49%, p = 0.011) compared with late CS due to its higher rate of poor bowel preparation and blood interference (38.9% vs. 6.1%, p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: Early EGD may be effective for diagnosis and hemostatic treatment in ICU patients with GI bleeding. However, early CS should be carefully performed after adequate bowel preparation.
Colitis, Ischemic ; Colonoscopy ; Critical Illness* ; Diagnosis ; Endoscopy* ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Hemorrhage* ; Hemostasis ; Hemostasis, Endoscopic ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Medical Records ; Peptic Ulcer ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Ulcer