Objective To investigate the antitumor effect of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes induced by renal cell carcinoma multiple antigen peptide dendritic cell (DC) vaccine in vitro. Methods Dendritic cells were induced by hGM-CSF,hIL-4 from blood.Peptide of renal cell carcinoma cell line (RCC786-0)was got by citrate-phosphate buffer elution.Peripheral blood mononuclear cell was cultured.Multiple antigen peptide DC cell vaccine was obtained by acid-eluted peptide pulsed DC.The tumor antigen specific CTL was generated from activated T cell by vaccine.Killing activity of the tumor antigen specific CTL was activated by vaccine. Results Antigen peptide DC cell vaccine could show a strong cytotoxic activity of CTLs(31.93±5.05%),which was much higher than control groups(5.88±2.26%,8.03±6.70%,9.70±2.09%,9.35±3.58%). Conclusion Renal cell carcinoma antigen peptide DC vaccine could show a high antitumor effect in vitro.

Measles is an acute viral disease, almost all deaths cases of measles in children occur in developing countries each year.Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine, measles is still one of the main causes of death of children in global area.2015 report of Committee on Infectious Diseases of American provided evidence of clinical diagnosis, treatment and prevention of measles.

Bronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory tract viral infection in infants.Incidence of bronchiolitis is greatly increasing in recent years,and seriously affecting the health of children.In order to better manage bronchiolitis,American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) convened a new subcommittee to review and revise the 2006 bronchiolitis guideline.This evidence-based guideline amended to provide new evidence of diagnosis,treatment and prevention bronchiolitis for the clinician.

Neonatal pain is a common phenomenon. For a long time neonatal pain had not been focus on properly and managed appropriately. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus and Newborn and Section on Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine published policy statement to emphasize the necessity of neonatal pain assessment,and summarize the neonatal operability pain assessment method,drug and non-drug control measures,also update prevention and management of procedural pain in the neonate in 2016. Until today the guideline for neonatal pain management has not yet been released in China. As the reference for clinicians in domestic,the content of policy statement will be reorganized and introduced.

Objective To explore the expression of the nerve growth factor receptors p75 (p75NGFR) in human bladder carcinoma samples, and the effects of hypoxia on the expression of p75NGFR in human bladder cancer ceils. Methods The expression of p75NGFR in 107 bladder cancer and lymph node specimens were immunohistochemically investigated. The expression of p75NGFR in bladder cancer cell line (T24) was assessed by immunocytochemistry, and reverse tran-scription-PCR in the Normoxic Condition (air, 5%CO2) and in hypoxia condition(10%O2, 5%CO2, 85%N2). Results p75NGFR expressed in 46 of 107(43.0%) tumor samples. There was no signifi-cant correlation between p75NGFR and the factors such as gender, age, extent of the tumors, and pathologic grading(P0.05), p75NGFR was expressed in examined cell line T24, and also expressed in 5 of 24 bladder tumors in metastasized lymph node specimens. Hypoxia markedly down-regulated the expression of p75NGFR of T24 cell line at third day. Conclusions It is suggested that p75NGFR is expressed less in lymph node metastasis. Hypoxia markedly inhibited expression of p75NGFR of T24 cell lines.

Bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract disorder in infants less than 12 months of age.Wide variation in the management of bronchiolitis exists between Australia and New Zealand, with up to 48% of infants admitted into hospital receiving treatment which is proved by high quality(Cochrane-level) evidence to be no benefit.For this reason, the Australian Guidelines Development Committee has developed the first high-quality Australian guidelines for bronchiolitis.The guideline provide suggestions for the management of children with bronchiolitis in emergency departments and general pediatric wards, and provide evidence for clinical practice.

Objective: To evaluate the predicting value of the 2014 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines risk prediction model for sudden cardiac death (HCM Risk-SCD) in Chinese patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and to explore the predictors of adverse cardiovascular events in Chinese HCM patients. Methods: The study population consisted of a consecutive 207 HCM patients admitted in our center from October 2014 to October 2016. All patients were followed up to March 2017. The 5-year SCD probability of each patient was estimated using HCM Risk-SCD model based on electrocardiogram, echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) examination results. The primary, second, and composite endpoints were recorded. The primary endpoint included SCD and appropriate ICD therapy, identical to the HCM Risk-SCD endpoint. The second endpoint included acute myocardial infarction, hospitalization for heart failure, thrombus embolism and end-stage HCM. The composite endpoint was either the primary or the second endpoint. Patients were divided into the 3 categories according to 5-year SCD probability assessed by HCM Risk-SCD model: low risk group<4%,intermediate risk group ≥4% to<6%, and high risk group≥6%. Results: (1) Prevalence of endpoints: All 207 HCM patients completed the follow-up (350 (230, 547) days). During follow-up, 8 (3.86%) patients reached the primary endpoints (3 cases of SCD, 3 cases of survival after defibrillation, and 2 cases of appropriate ICD discharge); 21 (10.14%) patients reached the second endpoints (1 case of acute myocardial infarction, 16 cases of heart failure hospitalization, 2 cases of thromboembolism, and 2 cases of end-stage HCM). (2) Predicting value of HCM Risk-SCD model: Patients with primary endpoints had higher prevalence of syncope and intermediate-high risk of 5-year SCD, as compared to those without primary endpoints (both P<0.05). (3) Predicting value of HCM Risk-SCD model: The low risk group included 122 patients (59%), the intermediate risk group 42 (20%), and the high risk group 43 (21%). There was a clear trend towards to higher heart rate, higher values of PTF_V1 and plane QRS-T angle, higher left ventricular mass index (LVMI), elevated maximal left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient (LVOT-PGmax), enlarged left atrial dimension(LAD) and volume index (LAVI), reduced systolic mitral annular velocity (s'), and higher late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) volume and mass in patients with high risk of 5-year of SCD, as compared to those with low-intermediate risk (all P<0.05). Moreover, 5-year SCD probability was positively correlated with heart rate, plane QRS-T angle, LVMI, LAVI, LGE%, and negatively correlated with s'(r=0.161, P=0.019; r=0.669, P=0.001; r=0.206, P=0.004; r=0.284, P=0.000; r=0.351, P=0.000; r= -0.245, P=0.001; respectively). (4) LAD, LAVI, e' and s' were independent predictors for poor outcomes. HCM patients with LAD≥39 mm, LAVI≥49.6 ml/m², e'≤6.5 cm/s and s'≤6.6 cm/s were more likely to have adverse cardiovascular events (AUC 0.702, 95%CI 0.604-0.799, P=0.001; AUC 0.700, 95%CI 0.567-0.833, P=0.001; AUC 0.716, 95%CI 0.616-0.817, P=0.000; AUC 0.764, 95%CI 0.676-0.853, P=0.000,respectively). Conclusions The HCM Risk-SCD model is of value in predicting SCD for Chinese HCM patients. The plane QRS-T angle and LGE% are the best predictors of 5-year SCD risk in Chinese HCM patients. Moreover, conventional echocardiographic parameters, including LAD, LAVI, e' and s', are useful to predict adverse cardiovascular events among Chinese HCM patients.

Diarrhea is one of the main disease types of illness and death in children in developing countries, and infectious diarrhea is especially harmful to children′s health.A panel of multidisciplinary experts in management of infectious diarrhea in children and adults was convened in 2012.Panel participants included representatives from the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC), and the Infectious Disease Society of America(IDSA) Standards and Practice Guidelines Committee (SPGC). In 2017, the panel issued a guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diarrhea, which was validated and recommended for the management of infectious diarrhea.Now, the part of the content on children in the guide was described.

Acute gastroenteritis is a common illness in childhood that usually can be treated in the outpatient setting.Despite suggestion that acute gastroenteritis children with mild to moderate dehydration receive oral rehydration therapy as the main treatment,but there are still many children were given unnecessary tests and intravenous fluids.Children's National Medical Center,Washington,District of Columbia published practice guideline to clarify the basic principles of the evaluation and management of illness.The guideline for pediatric acute gastroenteritis management has not yet been released in China.As the reference for clinicians in domestic,the content of this practice guideline will be reorganized and introduced.

Objective To explore the changes of left ventricular torsion function in patients with latent obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( HCM ) ,and provide quantitative informations for clinical evaluation of cardiac function . Methods A total of 49 consecutive patients with HCM without left ventricular outflow tract obstruction at rest were enrolled . All subjects underwent exercise stress echocardiography . After exercise left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient ( LVO T‐PG ) ≥30 mm Hg was positive for exercise stress test ( latent obstruction) ,w hile LVO T‐PG＜ 30 mm Hg was negative for exercise stress test ( non‐obstruction) . An ultrasound system obtained two‐dimensional ultrasound images of resting and moving peaks . The global longitudinal strain ( GLS ) ,global circumferential strain ( GCS ) , global radial strain ( GRS) of the left ventricle 16 segments and left ventricular rotation ,twist were analysis using off‐line EchoPAC software . T he differences of the above parameters were compared between the two groups . Results T here were no significant differences in GLS ,GRS ,GCS and Rotation‐B between the two groups in resting and peak period of exercise ( all P ＞ 0 .05 ) ,GRS in both groups were significantly increased compared with that before exercise ( all P ＜ 0 .05 ) . Compared with the negative exercise stress group ,the left ventricular twist and Rotation‐A were significantly increased in resting and peak period of exercise in the positive exercise stress test group( all P ＜0 .05) . Compared with before exercise ,Rotation‐A and left ventricular twist were significantly decreased in the positive exercise stress test group ( all P ＜0 .05) ,while no significantly difference was found in the negative exercise stress group ( all P ＞ 0 .05 ) . Conclusions Left ventricular torsion function is significantly changed in rest and after exercise in latent obstructive HCM patients ,providing valuable quantitative information for clinical comprehensive evaluation of cardiac function .