Objective To investigate the pharmacokinetic profiles of baicalin and wogonoside in diabe-tic rats in vivo,which are two major constituents in Huanglian-Jiedu Decoction(HJD).Methods The diabetic rats were induced by ip administration of streptozotocin(STZ).After the establishment of the method and the set-up of diabetic rats,the pharmacokinetic profiles of baicalin and wogonoside were investigated.Diabetic and normal rats were ig HJD extract,and then the blood samples were collected at the given time points.Contents of baicalin and wogonoside in diabetic and normal rat plasma were assayed by HPLC-UV method.The pharmacokinetic parameters(except Cmax and tmax) were analyzed by noncompartmental method.The area under the serum concentration-time curve(AUC0-t) was calculated using trapezoidal rule to the last point.Moreover,the presystemic metabolism of baicalin was investigated and compared to explore the pharmacokinetic difference by fermentation of baicalin in feces suspensions of normal and diabetic rats,respectively.Results The pharmacokinetic parameters of baicalin in normal and diabe-tic rats were:(4.50?1.92) and(7.5?1.0) h for tmax 2;(2.83?0.25) and(9.54?2.87) ?g/mL for Cmax1,(2.56?0.63) and(6.58?1.15) ?g/mL for Cmax2;(37.58?7.57) and(92.75?24.62) ?g?h/mL for AUC(0～24),(6.6?2.4) and(12.64?3.35) h for t1/2,respectively.And the pharmacokinetic parameters of wogonoside in normal and diabetic rats were:(5.5?1.0) and(8.00?1.63) h for tmax 2;(1.36?0.17) and(6.16?1.40) ?g/mL for Cmax1;(1.58?0.17) and(4.11?0.76) ?g/mL for Cmax2;(27.02?3.72) and(58.16?16.43) ?g?h/mL for AUC(0～24);(9.72?2.24) and(7.89?1.63) h for t1/2,respectively.The results indicated that Cmax1,Cmax2,AUC(0～24) of baicalin and wogonoside were significantly enhanced and t1/2 of baicalin was remarkably extended when compared with the normal rats.And the results also revealed that baicalin contained in HJD hydrolyzed more rapidly when incubated in the feces suspension of diabetic rats than in that of normal rats.Conclusion The results indicate that the pharmacokinetic difference of baicalin between diabetic and normal rats may result from the presystemic metabolism of baicalin.

Objective To explore the impact of total parathyroidectomy(tPTX)on carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity(cfPWV)in hemodialysis patients. Methods A total of 35 patients undergoing hemodialysis with refractory secondary hyperparathyroidism and treated with tPTX were studied. Before tPTX and 1 year after the oper-ation,cfPWVwas measured and hepatic and renal function,serum calcium,serum phosphorus,intact parathyroid hormone and hemoglobin were measured. The impact of tPTX on cfPWV in hemodialysis patients was analyzed. Results Serum calcium,serum phosphorus and intact parathyroid hormone decreased(P < 0.01),while hemo-globin and serum albumin increased(P < 0.01)and cfPWV decreased 1 year after the operation,which showed statistical significance(P<0.01). The cfPWV of the patients with tPTX was still higher than that of healthy indi-viduals(P<0.01). Conclusion tPTX can effectively reduce cfPWV in hemodialysis patients with refractory sec-ondary hyperparathyroidism.

Objective To summarize the efficacy and adverse reactions of incremental corticotrophin (ACTH) therapy in the treatment of infantile spasms (IS),and to provide new clinical treatment options.Methods The clinical data of 40 children with IS who were hospitalized in the Department of Neurology,Shanghai Children's Medical Center,Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,treated with ACTH from January 2016 to January 2018 were collected and retrospectively analyzed.All the children were treated with intravenous infusion of ACTH with an initial dose 12.5 U/d for 3 days.If the spasms did not disappear,dosage of ACTH increased to 25.0 U/d for another 3 days.If the spasms could not yet be fully controlled,the dosage increased to 40.0 U/d,and the total course of treatment did not exceed 2 weeks.If the spasms disappeared at each dose stage or the course of treatment reached to 2 weeks,ACTH would be changed to Prednisone 2 mg/(kg · d) orally,which gradually decreased in 2 months.All children underwent electroencephalogram examination before and after treatment.Results Forty patients with IS were treated with ACTH increasing therapy.The disappearance rate of spasms was 40.0％ (16/40 cases) totally,with 7.5％ (3/40 cases) at the dosage phase of 12.5 U/d,16.2％ (6/37 cases) at the dosage stage of 25.0 U/d,and 22.6％ (7/31 cases) at the dosage of 40.0 U/d.The disappearance rate of hypsarrhythmia on electroencephalogram was 60.0％ (24/40 cases) generally,and 5.0％ (2/40 cases),10.8％ (4/37 cases),58.1％ (18/31 cases),respectively at above different dosage phases,while 37.5％ (15/40 cases) of the children had mild adverse reactions,mostly respiratory infections.Conclusions The short-term efficacy of the ACTH incremental therapy in the treatment of IS is positive,and the incidence of adverse reactions is low.