Objective To establish the 3rd national standard for un-fractionated heparin for National Institutes for Food and Drug Control(NIFDC).MethodsFour candidate heparin samples(code ampoule 1,2,3,4)were assayed against the International Standard(07/328)and National Standard(150509-200912).Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control(JSIFDC)determined the potency of anti-FXa and anti-FIIa by chromogenic substrate methods and the potency of anticoagulation by whole rabbit blood of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015).Results All of the data from our institute were adopted to calculate the 3rd national standard for un-fractionated Heparin.NIFDC analyzed the data from 13 laboratories.The geometric coefficient of variation of inter-laboratory and intra-laboratory were both below 10％.Conclusion Approved by the national drug standards material Committee,the candidate(140817-201501)was recommended to be the 3rd national standard for un-fractionated Heparin with an assigned value of 2011IU per ampoule.

More than 20 protein bands with molecular weights of 19—175 KD in 18 strains of Ureaplosma urealyticum were detected by SDS-PAGE and thin layer scanning analysis. The molecular weights of major proteins were between 32 KD and 140 KD. Among them, the percentages of 67, 78 and 140 KD proteins were similar in all strains, but those of 32, 43 and 94 KD proteins were greatly different. Thus, Ureaplasma urealyticum can be divided into two groups: group A including serovars 2,5,7,9,10,11,12, and local isolates C,D, E, F; group B including serovars 1,3,6,13,14, and local isolates A, B. The serovars of Ureaplasma urealyticum could not be distinguished by using SDS-PAGE alone.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between blood pressure changes within 24 h after intravenous thrombolysis and the outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods:Patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with alteplase intravenous thrombolysis in the Department of Neurology, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital from June 2018 to September 2020 were enrolled retrospectively. The patients who received antihypertensive therapy before and within 24 h after intravenous thrombolysis were excluded. The blood pressure before intravenous thrombolysis and the blood pressure drop within 24 h after intravenous thrombolysis were recorded. The modified Rankin Scale was used to evaluate the clinical outcome at 90 d after the onset. 0-2 was defined as good outcome, and >2 was defined as poor outcome. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the independent correlation between blood pressure changes within 24 h after intravenous thrombolysis and the clinical outcomes. Results:A total of 205 patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled, including 125 males (60.98%), 80 females (39.02%); aged 63.30±9.63 years; 124 (60.49%) had a good outcome, and 81 (39.51%) had a poor outcome. Univariate analysis showed that the proportion of diabetic patients as well as baseline systolic blood pressure, prethrombolytic blood glucose, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and the incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in the good outcome group were significantly lower than those in the poor outcome group, and the proportion of patients with small vessel occlusion and the decrease in systolic blood pressure within 24 h after thrombolytic therapy were significantly higher than those in the poor outcome group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher baseline systolic blood pressure was independently associated with the poor outcome at 90 d after intravenous thrombolysis (odds ratio 0.964, 95% confidence interval 0.942-0.987; P=0.002), and a greater decrease in systolic blood pressure within 24 h after intravenous thrombolysis was independently associated with a good outcome (odds ratio 1.134, 95% confidence interval 1.067-1.206; P<0.001). Conclusion:For patients with acute ischemic stroke who received intravenous thrombolysis, higher baseline blood pressure before intravenous thrombolysis was associated with the poor outcome, and greater decrease in systolic blood pressure within 24 h after intravenous thrombolysis was associated with the good outcome.

In this study, metabolism of nobiletin in rats was studied using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). As a result, seven major metabolites were found in bile, urine and serum of rats. Three phase I products were assigned to be demethyl and di-demethyl products, and other four phase II products were assigned to be glucuronic and sulfonic conjugates. The four phase II metabolites were reported for the first time. Among the metabolites found in the present study, the glucuronic conjugates of demethyl-nobiletin played a predominant role in the metabolic pathway, indicating that its potential role for glucuronidation-related factors, such as gene polymorphism, drug-drug interaction, etc., in changing the active and toxic effect of nobiletin and that it should be paid more attention in further development.

Background and purpose:Previous researches have shown that intravenous amino acid infusion during general anaesthesia prevents the decreases in core temperature. This study aimed to investigate the effect of amino acid infusion on postoperative liver and renal function in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Methods:Forty ASAⅠ orⅡ patients (33 males, 7 females) aged 65-75 years undergoing elective gastrointestinal can-cer operation under epidural block combined with general anesthesia were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=20 each). GroupⅠ received intravenous infusion of mixed amino acids at a rate of 2 mL·(kg·h) -1 from induction of anesthesia to the end of operation (AA group); GroupⅡ received infusion of equal volume of normal saline (NS group). Snuff temperature was monitored for induction of anesthesia immediately, after 90 min and at closed abdomen. Renal and hepatic function was performed regularly before operation and on the 1st and 7th postoperative day.Results:The naso-pharyngeal temperatures at 90 min after the beginning of surgery and the time when the peritoneum was closed in AA group were signiifcantly higher than those in NS group (P<0.05). Hepatic and renal function indices were within the normal range in the AA and NS groups. There were signiifcant increases in TBIL, DBIL, ALT, and AST (P<0.05) after operation, whereas TP, ALB, BUN, Scr and UA decreased signiifcantly (P<0.05). There were no signiifcant differences in hepatic and renal function indices between the AA and NS groups (P>0.05).Conclusion:Intraoperative amino acid infusion has no signiifcant effects on the renal or hepatic function in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.

BACKGROUND: Forest frog is a rare medicinal animal in China, but the skin of forest frog is waste after Oviductus Ranae production. The forest frog skin is rich of collagen, and is large in quantity without pollution and disease risk. So the forest frog skin has potential to be developed into collagen sponge; however, there is no research on collagen sponge preparation as yet.OBJECTIVE: To optimize the preparation of collagen sponge from forest frog skin, and to investigate the physical properties and in vitro cell compatibility.METHODS: Chitosan and glutaraldehyde were used to modify collagen sponge from forest frog skin. Chitosan/collagen (w/w) (1:1, 1:2, 1:4) and glutaraldehyde concentration (1%, 1.5% and 2%) were selected as the experimental factors.The significant water absorbency, mechanical properties and thermal denaturation temperature were chosen as the indexes. Using the orthogonal experimental design, we optimized collagen sponge preparation process. We also investigated the in vitro cell compatibility and surface morphology of the collagen sponge. The nine kinds of collagen sponges from forest frog skins were co-cultured with human foreskin fibroblasts to detect cell proliferation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: When the chitosan/collagen was 1:1 and the glutaraldehyde concentration was 1%, we could get the collagen sponge with ideal water absorbency (water absorption capacity=5.22), mechanical properties (elongation at break=10.96%) and thermal denaturation temperature (81.24 ℃). The aperture of the forest frog skin collagen sponge was 200-400 μm, and the pores were consistent in the size and arranged regularly. Except the chitosan/collagen of 1:4 and the glutaraldehyde concentration of 1% or 5%, all kinds of forest frog skin collagen sponges could promote the viability of human foreskin fibroblasts and exerted benefits to cell viability and growth. To conclude,the forest frog skin collagen sponge has good biocompatibility and apparent morphology, in aggreement with the requirements of biological materials.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of sugammadex for the reversal of residual neuromuscular blockade after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy in elderly patients.Methods:Sixty patients of both sexes, aged 65-85 yr, with body mass index of 20-26 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ, undergoing elective laparoscopic radical gastrectomy under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=30 each) by a random number table method: sugammadex group (S group) and neostigmine group (N group). Rocuronium 0.3-0.6 mg·kg -1·h -1 was intravenously infused during operation, and the muscle relaxation was monitored by a Veryark-TOF monitor, maintaining TOF ratio=0 and counting 1 or 2 after tonic stimulation.Rocuronium was discontinued when the peritoneum was closed.The patients were admitted to the PACU after operation.When the muscle relaxation monitoring T 2 appeared, sugammadex 2 mg/kg was intravenously injected in S group, and neostigmine 0.03 mg/kg plus atropine 0.015 mg/kg was intravenously injected in N group.The tracheal tube was removed after the patient′s consciousness and spontaneous breathing recovered.Before anesthesia (T 1) and 5 and 30 min after tracheal extubation (T 2, 3), arterial blood samples were collected for blood gas analysis, PaO 2 and PaCO 2 were recorded, and ultrasound was used to measure the diaphragm end-inspiratory thickness, end-expiratory thickness and mobility of diaphragm muscle at the above time points.The diaphragm thickening fraction was calculated.The time of T 2 appeared, time of extubation, time of postanesthesia care unit (PACU) stay, postoperative hospital stay, and residual neuromuscular blockade (TOF ratio <0.9) and hypoxemia occurred within 30 min after extubation were recorded.The pulmonary complications within 7 days after operation were recorded. Results:Compared with group N, PaO 2 was significantly increased and PaCO 2 was decreased at T 2, 3, the mobility of diaphragm muscle and diaphragm thickening fraction were increased at T 2, the tracheal extubation time, time of PACU stay and postoperative hospital stay were shortened, the residual neuromuscular blockade and hypoxemia occurred after extubation and incidence of pulmonary complications after operation were decreased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the time of T 2 appeared in group S ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Sugammadex can quickly and effectively reverse the residual neuromuscular blockade after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy, which is helpful for early postoperative recovery in elderly patients.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of operation duration on the pharmacokinetics of desflurane in the patients undergoing tumor resection.Methods:One hundred and fifty patients of both sexes, aged 18-75 yr, with body mass index of 19-25 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, in whom abnormal preoperative lung function was not found, undergoing elective surgery with general anesthesia from November 2019 to March 2020, were enrolled in this study.Anesthesia was induced with intravenous injection of sufentanil 0.3 μg/kg, cisatracurium besylate 0.2 mg/kg and propofol 2 mg/kg.The patients were tracheally intubated after mechanical ventilation.Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of desflurane, the vaporizer dial was adjusted to 6% with fresh gas flow rate of 2 L/min, and sufentanil and cisatracurium besylate were intermittently injected intravenously according to the changes in hemodynamics and degree of muscle relaxation during operation.The duration required for the end-tidal concentration of desflurane reaching 0.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), time when the ratio of the end-tidal concentration of desflurane to the pre-set concentration of the vaporizer reached 1/2, time when the ratio of the end-tidal concentration of desflurane to the inhaled concentration reached 1/2, time for the end-tidal concentration of desflurane to decrease to 0.5 MAC and time for the end-tidal concentration to decrease from 0.5 MAC to 0.2 MAC immediately after closing the volatile tank were recorded.The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the operation time: operation time <2 h group (group S), operation time 2-4 h group (group M), and operation time >4 h group (group L). Results:There were no significant differences among the 3 groups in the duration required for the end-tidal concentration of desflurane reaching 0.5 MAC, time when the ratio of the end-tidal concentration of desflurane to the pre-set concentration of the vaporizer reached 1/2, time when the ratio of the end-tidal concentration of desflurane to the inhaled concentration reached 1/2, time for the end-tidal concentration of desflurane to decrease to 0.5 MAC and time for the end-tidal concentration to decrease from 0.5 MAC to 0.2 MAC immediately after closing the vaporizer ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Operation duration does not affect the pharmacokinetics of desflurane in the patients undergoing tumor resection.