Objective:To construct a representative index system for evaluating pediatric orthopedic nursing quality, providing a basis for hospital pediatric orthopedic nursing quality assessment and monitoring.Methods:From April to July 2023, using the "structure-process-outcome" three-dimensional quality structure model as the theoretical framework, a literature review was conducted, and an item pool was formulated. Through two rounds of Delphi method expert consultations, the hierarchical analysis method was finally employed to determine the indicators and their weights at each level.Results:The effective recovery rates of the questionnaire of the two rounds of expert consultations were 100% (20/20), the authority coefficients of experts were 0.87 and 0.88, the coefficients of variation were 0.00 to 0.27 and 0.00 to 0.24. The Kendell harmony coefficients of the second and third indicators in the two rounds of inquiry were 0.140, 0.166 and 0.192, 0.161(all P<0.05). The final pediatric orthopedic nursing quality evaluation index system included 3 primary indicators, 21 secondary indicators and 83 tertiary indicators. Among the primary indicators, the weight of process quality was the highest at 0.493 4, followed by outcome quality at 0.310 8, and the lowest was structural quality at 0.195 8. In the secondary indicators, "assessment criteria of limb blood circulation" had the highest weight at 0.099 8. Conclusions:The constructed pediatric orthopedic nursing quality evaluation index system covers key aspects and is more operationally feasible. It provides better guidance for nursing interventions and quality control.

Objective To explore the effects of dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane anesthesia on cerebral oxygen metabolism,sedation depth and cerebral function in liver cancer patients undergoing partial hepatic lobectomy.Methods A total of 30 liver cancer patients undergoing partial hepatic lobectomy at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March to September 2022 were selected as the research subjects,they were divided into control group(n=15)and observation group(n=15)according to different anesthesia methods.Patients in both groups underwent partial open hepatectomy,and they were given the same anesthesia induction method.The patients in the control group received desflurane for anesthesia mainte-nance,while patients in the observation group received dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for anesthesia maintenance.The anesthesia recovery indexes including the postoperative recovery time,recovery time of spontaneous breathing,eye-opening time of patients between the two groups were compared.The arterial oxygen saturation(SaO2),cervical vein oxygen saturation(SjvO2),arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2)and partial pressure of venous oxygen of patients were detected by blood gas analyzer before anesthesia induction(T0),at the completion of anesthesia induction(T,),at 10 minutes after hepatic portal occlusion(T2),after hepatic lobectomy(T3)and after surgery(T4),and arterio-venous oxygen content difference(AVDO2)and cerebral oxygen extraction rate(CEO2)were calculated.The sedation depth of patients was evaluated by bispectral index(BIS)and patient state index(PSI)at T0,T1,T2,T3 and T4.The cerebral function of patients was evaluated by the Glasgow-Pittsburgh cerebral performance category scale at 3 months after surgery.The incidence of postoperative adverse reactions of patients between the two groups was compared.Results The postoperative recovery time,recovery time of sponta-neous breathing and eye-opening time of patients in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in SaO2 of patients between the two groups at different time points(P＞0.05).At T2 and T3,SjvO2,AVDO2 and CEO2 of patients in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in SjvO2,AVDO2 and CEO2 of patients between the two groups at the other time points(P＞0.05).At T2,T3 and T4,BIS and PSI of patients in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in BIS and PSI of patients between the two groups at T0 and T1(P＞0.05).In the control group,there were 11 patients with postoperative brain function in grade 1,3 patients in grade Ⅱ and 1 patient in grade Ⅲ;in the observation group,there were 12 patients in grade Ⅰ and 3 patients in gradeⅡ.There was no significant difference in postoperative grading of brain function between the two groups(x2=1.044,P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in the total incidence of postoperative adverse reactions between the control group and observation group[20.00％(3/15)vs 26.67％(4/15),x2=0.186,P＞0.05].Conclusion Dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane anesthesia can shorten anesthesia recovery time,improve anesthesia depth and reduce cerebral oxygen metabolism in patients undergoing liver cancer surgery,which has no effect on cerebral function,showing good safety.

Objective To explore the effect of Internet+cardiac rehabilitation on hypertension patients with coronary heart disease.Methods 80 patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to April 2023 were randomly divided into the combined group(n=40)and the conventional group(n=40).Both groups were given routine cardiac rehabilitation interventions.The combined group combined adoptionof the Internet for continuous interventionson the basis of routine cardiac rehabilitation interventions.Compare the oxygen uptake,blood pressure,compliance,and self-management scores between two groups before intervention and three months after discharge.Results The AT Mets,AT VO2,peak VO2,and expected value compliance ratio in the combined group were all higher than those in the conventional group(P<0.05);The systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the combination group were lower than those in the control group,and the proportion of complete compliance was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05);The self-management scores of the joint group were higher than those of the conventional group(P<0.05).Conclusion The continuous interventions of Internet plus cardiac rehabilitation can control the blood pressure of patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease,and patients'compliance behavior is significantly im-proved,andthus improving patients'self-management ability,which can be used for reference and promotion in clinical practice.

Objective:To investigate the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT combined with conventional imaging modalities in the evaluation of the depth of tumor invasion, regional lymph node metastasis, distant organ and lymph node metastasis (TNM staging), and the adjacent structure invasion of rectal cancer. Methods:Fifty-four patients (28 males, 26 females, age (65.8±11.0) years) with pathologically confirmed rectal cancer admitted to the Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University between September 2019 and June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. 18F-FDG PET/CT examination, conventional imaging modalities including high-resolution MRI (HR-MRI), chest CT plain scan, upper abdominal MRI or CT plain scan+ enhanced examination were performed within 2 weeks before or after the rectal cancer being confirmed. The TNM staging and adjacent structural invasions including circumferential resection margin (CRM), extramural vascular invasion (EMVI), anal sphincter complex involvement were evaluated by 18F-FDG PET/CT and conventional imaging modalities separately or in combination, and those results based on imaging were compared with the pathological results or clinical follow-up results. χ2 test was used to compare the differences of diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy between the 18F-FDG PET/CT or conventional imaging modalities and combined examination. Results:The accuracy for T staging and the sensitivity and accuracy for N staging of the combined examination were 96.30%(52/54), 98.65%(73/74) and 93.91%(185/197), respectively, which were significantly higher than those of 18F-FDG PET/CT (85.19%(46/54), 66.22%(49/74), 81.73%(161/197); χ2 values: 3.97, 26.88, 13.66, all P<0.05). The specificity (91.06%, 112/123) and accuracy of the combined examination for N staging were higher than those of the conventional imaging modalities (77.24%(95/123), 83.76%(165/197); χ2 values: 8.81, 10.23, both P<0.05). The sensitivity and accuracy of the combined examination for M staging were higher than those of the conventional imaging modalities (97.01%(65/67) vs 73.13%(49/67), 95.95%(71/74) vs 68.92%(51/74); χ2 values: 15.05, 18.66, both P<0.001). The sensitivities of the combined examination in evaluating CRM and EMVI were 100%(22/22) and 95.00%(19/20), and the accuracies were 98.15%(53/54) and 96.30%(52/54), all of which were higher than those of 18F-FDG PET/CT (CRM: 54.55%(12/22), 74.07%(40/54); EVMI: 30.00%(6/20), 74.07%(40/54); χ2 values: 12.94, 13.08, 18.03, 10.56, all P<0.01). The accuracy of the combined examination in evaluating EMVI was higher than that of the conventional imaging modalities (85.19%(46/54); χ2=3.97, P=0.046). Conclusion:18F-FDG PET/CT combined with conventional imaging modalities can improve the diagnostic efficacy for TNM staging and assessment of adjacent structural invasion in rectal cancer.

As the most aggressive breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is still incurable and very prone to metastasis. The transform growth factor β (TGF-β)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucially involved in the growth and metastasis of TNBC. This study reported that a natural compound isotoosendanin (ITSN) reduced TNBC metastasis by inhibiting TGF-β-induced EMT and the formation of invadopodia. ITSN can directly interact with TGF-β receptor type-1 (TGFβR1) and abrogated the kinase activity of TGFβR1, thereby blocking the TGF-β-initiated downstream signaling pathway. Moreover, the ITSN-provided inhibition on metastasis obviously disappeared in TGFβR1-overexpressed TNBC cells in vitro as well as in mice bearing TNBC cells overexpressed TGFβR1. Furthermore, Lys232 and Asp351 residues in the kinase domain of TGFβR1 were found to be crucial for the interaction of ITSN with TGFβR1. Additionally, ITSN also improved the inhibitory efficacy of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody for TNBC in vivo via inhibiting the TGF-β-mediated EMT in the tumor microenvironment. Our findings not only highlight the key role of TGFβR1 in TNBC metastasis, but also provide a leading compound targeting TGFβR1 for the treatment of TNBC metastasis. Moreover, this study also points out a potential strategy for TNBC treatment by using the combined application of anti-PD-L1 with a TGFβR1 inhibitor.

Objective To delve into the causal relationship between 211 gut microbiota and sepsis employing bidirectional Mendelian randomization(MR).Methods The gut microbiota genome-wide association study(GWAS)data from the Microbiome Genetics Consortium(MiBioGen,n = 18 340)and sepsis GWAS data from the FinnGen(n = 286 146)were harnessed for this study.Initially,single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)significantly associated with the relative abundance of 211 gut microbiota taxa were identified as instrumental variables using predefined selection criteria.The primary analytical approach was characterized by the application of inverse variance weighting(IVW),with the effect measure represented by the odds ratio(OR)to assess the results of MR.To ensure precision and reliability,analyses were conducted,including leave-one-out analysis,heterogeneity testing,and tests for pleiotropy at both coherent and incoherent levels.Results The increased risk of sepsis was associated with the elevated abundance of Collinsella[OR = 1.28,95%confidence interval(95%CI)was 1.06-1.56,P = 0.01]and Ruminococcus(OR = 1.19,95%CI was 1.05-1.35,P = 0.005).Furthermore,a protective effect against the development of sepsis was observed in association with the increased abundance of Prevotella(OR = 0.88,95%CI was 0.79-0.97,P = 0.01)and Firmicutes(OR = 0.86,95%CI was 0.75-0.996,P = 0.04).No obvious heterogeneity and irrelevant level pleiotropy were detected.Conclusion Collinsella and Ruminococcus increase the risk of sepsis,while Prevotella and Firmicutes have protective effects against sepsis.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of esketamine for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) in elderly patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer.Methods:Ninety elderly female patients, aged 65-78 yr, weighing 46-75 kg, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ, undergoing elective modified radical surgery for breast cancer under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=45 each) using a random number table method: esketamine PCIA group (group E) and sufentanil PCIA group (group S). Anesthesia was induced with target-controlled infusion of propofol, intravenous atracurium besylate and sufentanil and maintained with target-controlled infusion of propofol and remifentanil and intermittent intravenous boluses of cis-benzenesulfonic acid atracurium.The patients were connected to an analgesic pump for PCIA at 10 min before completion of operation.The PCIA solution in group E contained esketamine 2 mg/kg, ketorolac tromethamine 90 mg and tropisetron 5 mg in 100 ml of normal saline.The PCIA solution in group S contained sufentanil 1 μg/kg, ketorolac tromethamine 90 mg and tropisetron 5 mg in 100 ml of normal saline.The PCA pump was set up with a 1.5 ml bolus dose, a 15 min lockout interval and background infusion at a rate of 1.5 ml/h, and the analgesia was performed until 48 h after operation.When numeric rating scale score ≥ 4 points and the efficacy of patient-controlled analgesia was not good, tramadol 100 mg was intravenously injected for rescue analgesia.Steward recovery scores were recorded at 4, 8, 24 and 48 h after operation.The requirement for rescue analgesia, effective pressing times of analgesic pump and time to first flatus were recorded within 48 h after operation.The nausea and vomiting, respiratory depression, dizziness and pruritus within 48 h after operation and delirium within 7 days after operation were recorded.The 40-item Quality of-Recovery scale was used to evaluate the early postoperative recovery of patients at 24 and 48 h after operation. Results:Compared with group S, the 40-item Quality of Recovery scale score was significantly increased at each time point, postoperative time to first flatus was shortened, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and pruritus was decreased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the Steward recovery score at each time point after operation, effective pressing times of PCA and requirement for rescue analgesia in group E ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Esketamine provides better efficacy than sufentanil when used for PCIA in elderly patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer.

Objective:To investigate the effect of postsynaptic density-95(PSD-95)on long-term learning and memory impairment in neonatal rats induced by sevoflurane anesthesia.Methods:A total of 54 SD rats aged 7 days of SPF grade were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (exposed to air), model group (exposed to 2.1% sevoflurane, 4 h/d, consecutive 3 days) and PSD-95 inhibitor group (inhaled sevoflurane+ intraperitoneal injection NA-1, consecutive 5 days), with 18 rats in each group.Morris water maze test and new object recognition test were used to detect the ability of visuospatial learning and memory and recognition memory of rats in each group.RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of kalirin, Rac1 and PSD-95 in rat hippocampus.The expressions of kalirin, Rac1, PSD-95 and apoptosis related proteins Caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax in rat hippocampus were detected by Western blot.The expression levels of kalirin and Rac1 in hippocampus were detected by immunohistochemistry.SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Repeated measurement ANOVA and one-way ANOVA was used for comparing among groups.Results:Repeated measurement ANOVA showed that in the water maze test, the interaction between time and group of platform seeking latency and swimming distance of the three groups were significant ( Ftime×group=36.539, 41.548, both P<0.01). Simple effect analysis showed that the platform latency and swimming distance in the model group from day 2 to 6 were longer than those in the control group (platform latency from day 2 to 6: t=14.039, 17.147, 13.155, 13.831, 27.247, all P<0.01; swimming distance from day 2 to 6: t=10.122, 20.987, 7.267, 10.011, 8.121, all P<0.01). Compared with the model group, from day 2 to 6, the platform latencies of PSD-95 inhibitor group were prolonged( t=7.948, 14.768, 11.582, 12.832, 24.346, all P<0.01) and the swimming distances were increased( t=8.235, 24.325, 11.234, 12.031, 7.036, all P<0.01). The new object recognition test found that the new object exploration time in the model group was significantly longer than that in the control group ((21.30±2.27)s, (19.21±1.42)s, t=1.843, P<0.01), and the new object exploration time in the PSD-95 inhibitor group was significantly longer than that in the model group ((26.83±2.13)s, t=4.844, P<0.01). The difference index of novel objects in the model group was significantly lower than that in the control group ((0.41±0.12), (0.59±0.10), t=3.416, P<0.01), and the difference index of novel objects in the PSD-95 inhibitor group was significantly lower than that in the model group ((0.37±0.08), t=0.696, P<0.05). The qRT-PCR results showed that the expressions of Rac1, kalirin and PSD-95 mRNA in the model group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t=9.969, 3.954, 6.561, P<0.05), and the expressions of Rac1, kalirin and PSD-95 mRNA in the PSD-95 inhibitor group were significantly lower than those of the model group ( t=2.132, 2.251, 3.502, all P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry results showed that the kalirin in the hippocampus CA1 area of the model group was significantly lower than that in the control group((8.18±1.94) vs (15.47±3.35), t=11.47, P<0.01), and kalirin in the PSD-95 inhibitor group was significantly lower than that in the model group((4.98±1.53), t=10.28, P<0.01); Rac1 in the model group was significantly lower than that in the control group ((3.72±1.53), (8.17±2.91), t=6.76, P<0.01), and the Rac1 in the PSD-95 inhibitor group(2.73±0.37) was significantly lower than the model group ( t=4.72, P<0.05). Western blot results showed that Caspase-3((1.37±0.16) vs (0.54±0.01), t=5.71, P<0.01) and Bax((1.87±0.31) vs (1.23±0.25), t=12.01, P<0.01) protein levels in the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group.Caspase-3 and Bax protein levels in the PSD-95 inhibitor group were significantly higher than those in model group (Caspase-3: (1.79±0.17), t=9.87, P<0.01; Bax: (2.19±0.21), t=16.19, P<0.01). The Bcl-2 protein level in the model group was significantly lower than that of the control group ((1.22±0.21) vs (1.96±0.38), t=11.92, P<0.01). And the Bcl-2 protein level in the PSD-95 inhibitor group (1.01±0.19) was significantly lower than that in the model group ( t=10.73, P<0.01). Conclusion:Sevoflurane anesthesia can damage the long-term learning and memory function and reduce the expression of PSD95 protein in neonatal rats.Inhibiting the expression of PSD95 can aggravate this damage, which may be related to the synaptic plasticity and apoptosis of neurons involved in PSD95.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of remimazolam pretreatment on brain injury following thalamic hemorrhage in mice.Methods:Sixty clean-grade healthy adult CD1 male mice, weighing 25-30 g, aged 7-8 weeks, were divided into 3 groups ( n=20 each) by using a random number table method: sham operation group (Sham group), brain injury group (BI group) and remimazolam pretreatment group (Rem group). Remimazolam 25 mg/kg was intravenously injected via the tail vein in group Rem.and the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in Sham group and BI group.Ten min later, type Ⅳ collagenase 0.01 U/10 nl was microinjected into unilateral ventroposterolateral nucleus and ventromedial nucleus to develop a mouse model of brain jury induced by thalamic hemorrhage.The rats were sacrificed at 6 h after developing the model, brain tissues were taken for measurement of the wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio, and hippocampal tissues were taken and stained with haematoxylin and eosin for determination of the count of the viable neurons in the hippocampal dentategyrus area, count of apoptotic neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region (by TUNEL), expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1) mRNA (by real-time polymerase chain reaction) and expression of CHOP, Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 (by Western blot) and for microscopic examination of ultrastructure of hippocampal tissues (with a transmission electron microscope). Results:Compared with group Sham, the W/D ratio of brain tissues and count of apoptotic neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area were significantly increased, the count of viable neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was decreased, the expression of CHOP, ATF4 and XBP1 mRNA in hippocampal tissues was up-regulated, the expression of CHOP, caspase-3 and Bcl-2 was up-regulated, and the expression of Bax was down-regulated in BI and Rem groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group BI, the W/D ratio of brain tissues and count of apoptotic neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area were significantly decreased, the number of viable neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was increased, the expression of CHOP, ATF4 and XBP1 mRNA in hippocampal tissues was down-regulated, the expression of CHOP, caspase-3 and Bcl-2 was down-regulated, and the expression of Bax was up-regulated in group Rem ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Remimazolam pretreatment can reduce the brain injury following thalamic hemorrhage in mice, and the mechanism may be related to inhibition of cell apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress in hippocampus.

OBJECTIVE：To c ompare the effects o f intravenous anesthesia with remimazolam and propofol on perioperative cellular immune function in patients underwent radical mastectomy. METHODS ：Eighty patients underwent selective radical mastectomy were collected ，and then randomly divided into remimazolam group （group R ）and propofol group （group P ）. During anesthesia induction ，group R was intravenously injected with remimazolam 0.2 mg/kg+sufentanil 0.3 μg/kg+cisatracurium 0.2 mg/kg；group R was intravenously injected with propofol 2 mg/kg+sufentanil 0.3 μg/kg+cisatracurium 0.2 mg/kg. During anesthesia maintenance，group R was intravenously pumped with remimazolam 0.4-1.2 mg/（kg·h）+remifentanil 0.1-0.2 μg（/ kg·min）；group P was intravenously pumped with propofol 4-10 mg/（kg·h）+remifentanil 0.1-0.2 μg（/ kg·min）. Both groups were given intravenous injection of cisatracurium intermittently. The anesthesia depth was monitored during the operation and the pumping speed of remimazolam，propofol and remifentanil was adjusted accordingly. The intraoperative infusion volume ，blood loss ，operation time ， opioid dosage ，and visual analogue scale （VAS）scores at 24 and 72 hours after operation were recorded in 2 groups；at the same time，the levels of T lymphocyte CD 3+，CD4+，CD8+ and NK cells were measured 30 min before anesthesia induction ，24 h and 72 h after operation ；CD4+/CD8+ was also calculated. The incidence of ADR was recorded in 2 groups. RESULTS ：There was no statistical significance in intraoperative infusion volume ，blood loss ，operation time ，opioid dosage ，VAS score at 24，72 hours after operation and the incidence of ADR between 2 groups（P＞0.05）. Compared with 30 min before anesthesia induction ，the levels of CD 3+，CD4+，NK cells and CD 4+/CD8+ ratio in 2 groups at 24 hours after operation were significantly decreased （P＜ 0.05）；compared with group P ，the levels of CD 3+，CD4+ and NK cells as well as CD 4+/CD8+ ratio in group R increased significantly in group R （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：For anesthesia maintenance ，the inhibitory effects of remimazolam on perioperative cellular immunity in patients underwent radical mastectomy are poorer than propofol.