Objective To investigate the effects of nitric oxide (NO) inhalation on the expression of TNF-?,IL-8 and CD11b mRNA in lung tissue during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by intravenous injection of endotoxin in dogs.Methods Twelve pure bred beagle dogs of both sexs weighing 8-12.5 kg were randomly divided into 2 groups: NO group received mechanical ventilation with NO inhalation (n = 6) and control group received only mechanical ventilation ( n = 6) . Sepsis and ARDS were induced by intravenous injection of endotoxin as described in detail in our previous paper. Hemodynamics and pulmonary oxygenation were monitored and shunt fraction was calculated. At the end of experiment the animals were sacrificed and lung tissue was obtained aseptically and stored in the liquid nitrogen at - 180℃ . The total RNA was extracted. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of TNF-?,IL-8 and CD11b mRNA. The total RNA was reversely transcripted to cDNA. Then the cDNA was amplified by PCR. The product of PCR was scanned by gel-image analysis system.?-action was used as internal control. Semi-quantitative method was adopted for measurement of TNF-? ,IL-8 and CD11b mRNA expression. Results The expression of TNF-?, IL-8 and CD11b mRNA in lung tissue was significantly decreased in NO group compared with those in control group.Conclusion NO inhalation reduces expression of TNF-?, IL-8 and CDllb mRNA in lung tissue during ARDS induced by intravenous endotoxin.

Objective To investigate the changes in pharmacokinetics of propofol and propofol concentration in the brain induced by normovolemic hemodilution ( NHD) . Methods Thirteen healthy male mongrel dogs weighing 10-15 kg were randomly divided into 2 groups: control group ( n = 7) and NHD group ( n = 6). The animals were anesthetized with intravenous diazepam 0.5 mg?kg-1 and ketamine 5 mg?kg-1 . The femoral artery and vein were cannulated. Lactated Ringer's solution was infused at 5-7 ml ? kg-1 ? h-1 . 30 min after induction of anesthesia NHD was conducted by removing blood from femoral artery and replacing it with 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) until Hct was reduced to 25% . Propofol was then infused at 10 mg?kg-1 ?h-1 for 30 min after NHD. Arterial blood samples were taken immediately before and at 1, 2, 5 , 10, 15, 20, 30, 31, 32, 35, 40, 50, 70, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240 and 300 min after propofol infusion was started for determination of plasma propofol concentrations. One week later the same NHD was repeated. Propofol was administered by TCI via Graseby 3500 infusion pump incorporated with Stanpump TCI software. Target plasma propofol concentration was set at 5 ?g?ml-1 . Arterial blood and CSF samples were obtained at 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after the start of propofol infusion for determination of plasma propofol concentration ( bound and free) , plasma free propofol concentration and CSF propofol concentration. At the end of 60 min, after the collection of blood and CSF samples, brain tissue was obtained from the cerebral cortex of right frontal lobe for determination of brain propofol content. ECG, BP, arterial blood gases and body temperature were monitored during experiment.Results The plasma propofol concentrations were significantly lower during and after propofol infusion at 10 mg? kg-1 ? h-1 in NHD group than in control group ( P

Objective To evaluate the effects of different reconstruction settings of knowledge-based iterative reconstruction technique (IMR) on noise reduction and image quality in hepatic contrast-enhanced CT(CECT) at different radiation dose levels.Methods Patients who underwent hepatic CECT because of their diseases were enrolled in this prospective study.According to random number table,patients were randomly assigned to two groups (standard dose group,SD-group,n=29; low dose group,LD-group,n=25).All patients underwent both non-enhanced CT and triphasic CECT scan including hepatic arterial phase (HAP),portal-venous phase (PVP) and delayed phase.PVP images of SD-group were acquired with tube voltage of 120 kVp and tube current-time products of 250 mAs,and 80 kVp and 500 mAs for LD-group.PVP images were reconstructed with both filtered back projection (FBP) and IMR techniques.Settings applied in IMR reconstructions consisted of body routine (BR) and body soft tissue (BST) with three levels (L1 to L3),and image series included:L1BR,L2BR,L3BR,L1BST,L2BST and L3BST.Subjective assessment of image quality including low contrast detectability (LCD),image distortion (ID) and diagnostic confidence (DC) as well as objective image quality including image noise,signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) were compared between groups.Effective radiation dose was recorded.Objective image quality and subjective image quality were compared by using Friedman H test and ANOVA,respectively.In addition,Student t test was used to compare effective radiation doses between groups.Results In SD-group,IMR settings of L2BST,L3BST scored highest in LCD with median score of 4;L3BST and L2BST scored lowest in ID with median score of 3,while FBP and L1BR scored highest with median score of 4; L1BR,L2BR and L1BST scored highest in DC with median score of 4,while L3BST scored lowest with median score of 3.In LD-group,the distribution of all reconstruction settings scores in LCD and ID were similar to those in SD-group; however,L1BST scored highest with median score of 4,and FBP scored lowest with median score of 2 in DC.There were statistical differences in LCD,ID and DC among all the reconstruction settings for both groups (P＜0.05).In terms of FBP technique,the image noise,SNR and CNR were (9.8±2.0)HU,13.3±3.3 and 6.0±1.9 in SD-group,and (16.2±4.1)HU,12.9±3.3 and 6.6± 2.3 in LD-group,respectively.In SD-group,image noise exhibited a trend of decrease from L1BR to L3BST [from (4.5±0.9) HU to (3.2±0.2)HU],while SNR,CNR trended to increase (SNR:from 21.4±1.4 to 24.6±4.6; CNR:from 9.4±2.2 to 10.9±2.9,respectively).The image noise,SNR and CNR in LD-group showed the same trends as SD-group [image noise:from (5.8±0.2)HU to (3.9±0.6)HU; SNR:from 26.3±4.5 to 33.1±6.9; CNR:from 13.6±4.0 to17.4±5.1,respectively].In both groups,there were statistically differences in image noise,SNR and CNR among all IMR settings and FBP (F values were 15.50 to 131.39,P＜0.01).The effective radiation dose of the LD-group was significantly lower than that of the SD-group [(4.19±0.22) versus (7.32±0.58) mSy,t=15.27,P＜0.01).Conclusions IMR can reduce image noise and improve image quality in hepatic CECT at both standard and low dose levels.L1BR,L2BR and L1BST are the most optimized reconstruction settings for the standard dose protocol,while L1BST performs best for the low dose protocol.

Purpose To compare the image quality of contrast-enhanced hepatic CT using iterative reconstruction technique (IMR) at different radiation doses, and to explore the value of IMR in contrast-enhanced hepatic CT under different radiation doses. Materials and Methods Fifty-four cases undergoing contrast-enhanced hepatic CT were divided into two groups using different portal-venous phase protocols:29 cases in group A (120 kV, 250 mAs), 25 cases in group B (80 kV, 500 mAs). Portal venous phase CT images were reconstructed using IMR and filtered back projection to obtain 4 data sets:group A1 (120 kV, FBP), group A2 (120 kV, IMR), group B1 (80 kV, FBP) and group B2 (80 kV, IMR). Images were evaluated for noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) as well as low contrast detectability (LCD), image distortion (ID) and diagnostic confidence (DC). Effective radiation dose was recorded. Results The effective radiation dose in group B was 42.7%, lower than that in group A (t=15.27, P<0.001). Image noise in group A2 and B2 was significantly lower than that in group A1 and B1, with higher SNR and CNR (Fnoise=81.98, FSNR=65.19, FCNR=37.42, P<0.001). There was significant statistical difference in LCD among four groups, A2>B2>A1>B1 (χ2=58.21, P<0.001), and in image distortion, A1>B1>A2>B2 (χ2=12.94, P<0.001). There was significant difference between B2 and A1, and between B2 and B1 (P<0.05). For diagnostic confidence, the score was A2>A1>B2>B1 (χ2=34.06, P<0.001). There was no statistical significance between group A1 and group B2 (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with FBP, IMR technique can reduce image noise and improve image quality at low and high radiation doses, with better effect on low dose (80 kV, 500 mAs) hepatic CT.

Objective To explore the mechanism that gold nanorods trigger apoptosis in cancer cells.Methods Gold nanorods was synthesized by gold seed growing method, and its characterization was detected; gold nanorods on cell proliferation-toxicity were evaluated by CCK-8 Kit and apoptosis were detected by flow; mitochondrial membrane potential were tested by JC-1 and activation of Caspase 9 and Caspase 3 were detected by western blot. Results The results found that gold nanorods had nontoxic to normal cells, but highly toxic to tumor cells; and with the increasing of gold nanorods’ working time, the percentage of apoptotic cancer cells was increasing; in addition to, normal cells’ mitochondrial membrane potential did not change, but cancer cells had a significant reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential.Conclusion This study proves that gold nanorods induce apoptosis through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.

Objective To compare the metabolic measures on prefrontal lobe and thalamus among schizophrenics with or without mental disorder family history by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS),and to explore the relationship among metabolic measures,clinical symptom,and executive functioning.Methods Thirty-one schizophrenics with schizophrenia family history,21 schizophrenics with the other mental disorder family history,and 78 schizophrenics without mental disorder family history were examined at prefrontal lobe and thalamus by multi-voxel 1H-MRS.The N-acetylaspartate (NAA),Choline-congtaining compounds (Cho),and Creatine compounds (Cr) were measured and the ratios of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr were determined.Meanwhile,Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) were also assessed in all schizophrenics.Results Both in schizophrenics with schizophrenia family history and with the other mental disorder family history,the NAA/Cr ratios showed lower than those in schizophrenics without mental disorder family history both on left prefrontal lobe and on fight thalamus ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with schizophrenics without mental disorder family history,the score of negative symptoms and the perseverative errors demonstrated higher ( P＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ),the categories completed showed lower both in schizophrenics with schizophrenia family history and with the other mental disorder family history ( P＜0.05 ).The NAA/Cr ratios on left prefrontal lobe in all schizophrenics were significantly negatively related with the total score of PANSS and the responses errors (P ＜ 0.05 or P＜ 0.01 ),and positively related with the categories completed and the conceptual level responses ( P＜ 0.05 or P＜ 0.01 ).On left prefrontal lobe both in schizophrenics with schizophrenia family history and with the other mental disorder family history,the ratios of NAA/Cr were negatively related with the score of negative symptoms and the perseverative errors ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ).Conclusion The damages of neurons on prefrontal lobe and thalamus in schizophrenics with mental disorder family history may be more severe than those in schizophrenics without family history,and the damages on prefrontal lobe are related with negative symptoms and executive functioning.

Objective To evaluate the value of iterative modal reconstruction (IMR) for reducing radiation dose and controlling image quality in cardiac CT. Methods Ten pigs were included. All pigs were scanned on a 256?slice prospectively ECG?gated cardiac CT utilizing routine dose (group A) and tube current reduced by 30%(group B), 50%(group C) and 70%(group D), respectively. Filtered back projection (FBP), hybrid iterative reconstruction (iDose4) and IMR were used for all data, respectively. Image noise and contrast?to?noise ratio (CNR) of ascending aortic root were measured, while overall image quality and coronary artery image quality was rated (five point scale). All results reconstructed by FBP, iDose 4 and IMR were compared. Objective measurements were compared with one?way analysis of variance, and subjective assessments were compared with Kruskal?Wallis H test andχ2 test. Results Compared with that of FBP and iDose4, image noise of IMR was(15.1 ± 6.1),(18.8 ± 5.5),(22.1 ± 4.8)and(33.0 ± 4.0)HU, respectively in group A, B, C and D with significant reduction (F=82.77, 90.71, 96.59, 95.51 respectively, all P<0.01). Using IMR, groups A, B, C, D had higher CNR (42.0±11.1, 37.2±10.4, 31.4±8.7, 23.7±7.0;F=50.65, 53.55, 76.60, 57.36, all P<0.01) and overall image quality (5.0 ± 0.0, 4.8 ± 0.4, 4.6 ± 0.5, 4.5 ± 0.5;H=20.96, 15.63, 18.66, 23.56, all P<0.01) than FBP and iDose4. Using IMR, group A (100%, 40/40) and group B (100%, 40/40) had no significant difference (P>0.05) in the diagnosis rates of proximal coronary arteries compared with that using FBP and iDose4, while group C (100%, 40/40) and group D(92%, 37/40) had significantly increased diagnosis rates (χ2=20.05, 45.72, both P<0.01). The diagnosis rates of distal coronary arteries of IMR reconstruction which were 100%(50/50), 98%(49/50), 90%(45/50), 78%(39/50), respectively in groups A, B, C, D had significant increase compared with that of FBP and iDose4 reconstruction (χ2=7.39, 16.75, 34.62, 81.33, all P<0.05). Conclusions IMR can significantly reduce image noise, improve CNR and image quality compared with iDose4. Application of IMR can reduce radiation dose but without compromising image quality.

Objective To screen monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for early diagnosis of invisive Aspergillus. Methods Monoclonal antibodies against different antigens of Aspergillus fumigatus were produced. The two pairs of combinations of monoclonal antibodies were selected accoring the distinct epitopes and double-antibody sandwich ELISA based on mAbs above were established. The sensitivity and specificity of the methods were analyzed by detecting culture supernatants of clinical isolates and environmental isolatesof Aspergillus. spp, Penicillium Marneffei, Candidas, and serum from animal models and patients. The epitopes recognized by mAbs were identified by immunobotting. Results A total of 32 hybridoma cell lines that stably produced MAbs were obtained. Two double- antibody sandwich ELISAs were established. One method was specific for 19 clinical isolates and environmental isolates of Aspergillus. spp, whereas the other one was specific for the clinical and environmental isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus without cross-reation with other Aspergillus. spp. For the same kind of medium of Aspergillus fumigatus, the sensitivity of the first method was 10 fold higher than the second method. Conclusions The specific mAbs for early diagnosis of invisive Aspergillus were obtained. Antigen recognized by the specific mAbs was mannoprotein with molecular weights of approximately 25 000-75 000. This antigen was potential early diagnostic marker for invasive Aspergillus.

Objective To investigate the value of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (sNGAL),urinary neutrophil gelatinase -associated lipocalin (uNGAL),and serun cystatin C (CysC) in the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods A total of 236 patients with liver cirrhosis and normal renal function who visited The Red Cross hospital of Hannan District from January 2015 to March 2017 were enrolled,and according to the presence or absence of AKI within 48 hours after admission,these patients were divided into AKI group with 78 patients and non-AKI group with 158 patients.Another 100 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination were enrolled as control group.ELISA was used to measure sNGAL,uNGAL,and serum CysC,and serum creatinine (SCr) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were compared between groups.A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups,and the SNK-q test was used tor further comparison between two groups.A Pearson correlation analysis was also performed,and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of these indices.Results At 48 hours after admission,there were significant differences in sNGAL,uNGAL,and CysC between the AKI group and the non -AKI group/control group (all P ＜ 0.05).The patients in the AKI group were stratified by AKI stage based on the criteria for kidney injury,and the patients with a higher stage had significantly higher levels of sNGAL and uNGAL than those with a lower stage (both P ＜ 0.05).The levels of sNGAL,uNGAL,and CysC started to increase at 6 hours after admission,while Scr and GFR started to change at 48 hours after admission,i.e.,sNGAL and uNGAL increased significantly earlier than Scr and GFR (P ＜ 0.05).In the AKI group,sNGAL,uNGAL,and CysC were positively correlated with SCr (r =0.650,0.681,and 0.581,all P ＜ 0.05).According to the ROC curve analysis,sNGAL had an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.845 ± 0.435,an optimal cut-off value of 542.68 μg/L,a sensitivity of 0.824,and a specificity of 0.794,uNGAL had an AUC of 0.836-±0.326,an optimal cut-off value of 75.12 μg/L,a sensitivity of 0.816,and a specificity of 0.766,and CysC had an AUC of 0.818 ±0.267,an optimal cut-off value of 1.48 mg/L,a sensitivity of 0.808,and a specificity of 0.732.Conclusion NGAL and CysC can be used as indices for the early diagnosis of AKI and have great significance in evaluating renal injury and developing treatment measures for patients with liver cirrhosis.

Objective To explore the relationship between peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and prognosis of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received treatment with camrelizumab. Methods We retrospectively collected data from 88 patients with advanced NSCLC who underwent camrelizumab treatment. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were collected from patients before and two months after treatment. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis were employed to investigate the relationship between peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and PFS and OS. Results Compared with non-responder group, the baseline peripheral blood CD4+/CD8+ ratio was higher (P=0.038), while the CD8+T lymphocyte percentage was lower (P=0.036) in the responder group. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that a high baseline CD4+/CD8+ ratio was associated with long PFS and OS (P=0.001, P=0.023). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that the baseline CD4+/CD8+ ratio was a significant predictor for PFS and OS. Additionally, a high post-treatment CD4+/CD8+ ratio and high CD4+T lymphocyte percentage were associated with long PFS (P=0.005, P=0.015), whereas a low post-treatment CD8+T lymphocyte percentage was associated with long PFS and OS (P=0.001, P=0.016). Conclusion The peripheral blood CD4+/CD8+ ratio can serve as a predictive factor for survival of patients with NSCLC treated with camrelizumab.