BACKGROUND: Carboxymethyl chitosan is a water-soluble derivate modified from chitosan, with various biological activities. It is a good ligand of metal ion and can integrate Ca~(2+) to prepare a novel biological material. OBJECTIVE: To explore a method for preparing carboxymethyl chitosan calcium (CCC) and analyze its properties and structure. METHODS: CCC was produced by carboxymethyl ohitosan reacting with solution of calcium chloride. The solubility, carboxymethylation degree, rotational viscosity, and calcium content of CCC were determined, and infrared and ultraviolet spectral analyses were performed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The calcium content of CCC was approximately 15%. Compared with carboxymethyl chitosan, infrared spectrum and ultraviolet spectrum of CCC were changed. The prepared CCC is a new calcium compound through property and structural analysis.

Objective To observe the effect of carboxymethyl chitosan calcium(CCC) on the concentration of lead,calcium,and liver antioxidative capacity in lead poisoned mice.Methods mice were randomly divided into 6 groups.Three test groups were treated with CCC at three doses.The lead poisoned mice model was established by giving water containing lead acetate,and then CCC was administered to mice once a day.After 30 days,the mice were killed and the content of lead in blood,liver,brain and femur were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer,and antioxidative capacity in liver was measured using assay kit.Results CCC could reduce the contents of lead in blood,brain,liver and femur significantly,decrease the level of maleicdialdehyde(MDA),increase activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and total antioxidative capacity(T-AOC) in liver markedly. Conclusion CCC can promote the excretion of lead,increase the content of calcium in femur and antioxidative capacity in lead poisened mice.

Background:Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis in early stage with early intervention may stabilize disease progression, avoiding or delaying the occurrence of decompensation. Seeking non-invasive serum biomarkers is becoming an important topic in the diagnosis and assessment of liver cirrhosis. Aims:To study the value of serum miR-192 and miR-29a as non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. Methods:Differentially expressed serum miRNAs between patients with liver cirrhosis and healthy controls were screened through online literature retrieval and then confirmed by real-time PCR. Serum levels of two confirmed miRNAs,miR-192 and miR-29a were analyzed in 120 patients with liver cirrhosis and 76 healthy volunteers by real-time PCR. A mathematical model of combined detection of miR-192 and miR-29a for diagnosis of liver cirrhosis was established by binary logistic regression. The diagnostic performance of various non-invasive serum indicators was evaluated by ROC curve analysis. Results:Compared with healthy controls,expression level of serum miR-192 in cirrhotic patients was significantly increased and that of serum miR-29a was significantly reduced(P ﹤ 0. 001). The diagnostic performance of risk score obtained from mathematical model of combined detection of serum miR-192 and miR-29a was superior to that of single miRNA detection or other non-invasive serum indicators,such as APRI,FIB-4 and ARR,the areas under ROC curve of the above mentioned indicators were 0. 968,0. 887,0. 933,0. 796,0. 793,and 0. 571,respectively. Serum levels of miR-192,miR-29a and the risk score of their combined detection were significantly correlated with the stage of liver cirrhosis according to the Child-Pugh classification( P ﹤ 0. 05). Conclusions:Serum miR-192,miR-29a and the risk score of their combined detection might be novel non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and assessment of liver cirrhosis.

China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Pemphigoid, Bullous/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies