A simple, precise, and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of vitexin-2-O-glucoside, vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside, rutin, vitexin, and hyperoside. The HPLC separation was performed using a Shim-pack VP-ODS C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d. , 5 μm) with the isocratic mobile phase consisting of tetrahydrofuran/acetonitrile/0.05％ phosphoric acid solution (20:3:77, v/v/v), and the flow rate was set at 1.0 mL/min. UV detection was carried out at a wavelength of 360 nm and the whole analysis took 25 min. The method was linear in the range of 4.12-206.00 μg/mL for vitexin-2-O-glucoside, 4.05-202.50 μg/mL for vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside, 1.64-82.00 μg/mL for rutin, 1.74-87.00 μg/mL for vitexin, and 1.41-70.60 μg/mL for hyperoside with the correlation coefficient for each analyte more than 0.998.The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of qnantitation (LOQ) were 0.6 and 2 ng for vitexin-2-O-glucoside, 0.6 and 2 ng for vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside, 0.3 and 1 ng for rutin, 1 and 3 ng for vitexin, and 0.5 and 2 ng for hyperoside, respectively. Lntra- and inter-day precision and accuracy (RSD) were less than 3％. The developed HPLC method was successfully applied to the analysis of five flavonoids in hawthorn leaves, hawthorn fruits, and the preparations containing hawthorn leaves or fruits.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficiency of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) on patients with chronic heart failure(CHF) due to hypertensive heart disease complicated with severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).Methods Fifty cases with CHF due to hypertensive heart disease complicated with severe OSAHS were divided into treatment group and control group with 25 cases each by the method of random digits table.nCPAP and routine drug treatment were administered in treatment group,while only routine drug treatment was given in control group.Cardiac functional grading,blood pressure,left ventricular end diastolic dimension (LVDd),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were compared before and after 3-month therapy.Results The effective rate in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group [76.00％(19/25) vs.40.00％(10/25)],and there was significant difference (P ＜0.05).There was significantly decreased in blood pressure in two groups at the end of the therapy [treatment group:(127.52 ± 10.38)/(72.44 ±4.92) mmHg(1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) vs.(176.80 ± 12.90)/ (100.44 ±5.55) mmHg;control group:(150.12 ± 18.96)/ (81.64 ±9.42) mmHg vs.(176.00 ± 11.69)/ (96.08 ± 18.59) mmHg] (P ＜ 0.01),but the blood pressure was significantly lower in treatment group than that in control group (P ＜0.05).LVDd,BNP and hs-CRP in treatment group was declined significantly [(49.12 ± 3.18) mm vs.(57.44 ± 3.62) mm,525.52 ng/L vs.785.25 ng/L,(7.76 ± 1.69) mg/L vs.(18.04 ± 2.58) mg/L](P＜ 0.01);LVEF was significantly increased [(46.12 ± 2.52)％ vs.(38.68 ± 4.65)％](P＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference in LVDd and LVEF in control group before and after therapy (P ＞ 0.05).BNP and hs-CRP also were declined significantly [668.66 ng/L vs.850.96 ng/L,(12.88 ± 2.02) mg/L vs.(19.40 ± 2.30) mg/L] (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01),but the above two were significantly lower in treatment group than those in control group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion nCPAP therapy can effectively improve the symptoms of heart failure,decrease blood pressure,improve cardiac function,reduce the inflammation response to patients with CHF due to hypertensive heart disease complicated with severe OSAHS.

Objective To investigate the influence of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) therapy on tumor necrosis factor-ot (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).Methods Seventy-two cases with CHF and severe OSAS were divided into treatment group (36 cases) and control group (36 cases) by random digits table.Treatment group was treated by nCPAP and routine drug while control group only by routine drug treatment for 12 weeks.The changes of TNF-α and IL-6 before and after therapy were observed.Results The serum TNF-αt and IL-6 before treatment between two groups was no significant difference (P＞ 0.05).The serum TNF-αt and IL-6 after 12 weeks treatment in both two groups was significantly lower than that before treatment [treatment group:(29.94 ± 8.27) ng/L vs.(13.17 ± 3.61) ng/L,(92.08 ± 11.88) ng/L vs.(46.17 ± 20.01) ng/L;control group:(28.01 ± 7.21) ng/L vs.(22.13 ± 5.43) ng/L,(96.01 ± 12.19) ng/L vs.(68.66 ± 11.10) ng/L] (P ＜ 0.05),the treatment group decreased more significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion nCPAP therapy could effectively decrease the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and reduce inflammation response in patients with CHF and severe OSAS.

This study was aimed to compare the criteria on quality of questionnaire development and psychometric property evaluation. The references listed in the ISOQOL and consequent included criteria were searched. Two reviewers independently screened papers to include articles with inclusion criteria as follows: fully evaluating the questionnaire development and/or psychometric property; published or unpublished, but not book. Two reviewers independently extracted the information which contained criteria name, types of questionnaire assessed, criteria purpose, research methods, content, evaluation method and etc. Qualitative analysis was conducted to synthesize common characteristics of criteria, and to compare what each criterion emphasized on. The results showed that 9 included criteria sharing the same purpose which evaluated the questionnaire development process and/or psychometric properties of the health related quality of life questionnaire or patient reported outcome. Experts consensus based on previous studies were the criteria development methods. The standard content included conceptual framework, targeted population, content validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, structure validity and responsiveness with interpretability. Assessment scoring system used in the criteria was categorized as 2- or 4-point Likert scales. Or document of evaluation evidence was required to be provided. It was concluded that nine criteria can be used to develop new questionnaires, evaluate existed/new questionnaires, or choose the right questionnaires for clinic, based on the following elements such as their research purpose, trials types, questionnaire types or questionnaire administrations.

Objective: :To establish a quality standard for glycyrrhizic acid in compound loquat and pentoryverine granule.Methods: TLC was applied in the qualitative detection of glycyrrhizic acid.An HPLC method was used for the quantitative determination of glycyrrhizic acid.A C 18 (250 mm× 4.6 mm ,5 μm)column was used.The mobile phase was a mixture of methanol-0.2 mol·L-1 ammonium acetate-acetic acid(60∶39∶1).The flow rate was at 1.0 ml·min-1 , and the detection wavelength was at 250 nm.Results: The TLC spots were clear and well separated without interference from the negative sample.The calibration curves were linear within the range of 0.01-1.01 g·L-1 (r=1.000 0).The average recovery was 103.2% (RSD %=1.8% , n =9).Conclusion: The method is simple and accurate, which can be used for the quality control of compound loquat and pentoryverine granule.

Objective To establish a method of PKH26 labeled bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) into rats with liver fibrosis and observe cell immigration and differentiation in the liver after transplantation.Methods Bone marrow-derived EPCs were isolated and cultured from rats with liver fibrosis,and then labeled with PKH26 in vitro.Under the scanning confocal microscopy and flow cytometry,PKH26 fluorescent labeling rate and cell survival rate were measured.EPCs of PKH26 fluorescent labeling were transplanted into rats with liver fibrosis via the tail vein,and the migration situation was observed in the liver.Endothelial cell markers CD31 and von willebrand factor (vWF) were detected by using immunofluorescence.Results The PKH26-labeled EPCs appeared red fluorescence and the labeling rate was 96.65 ％.As compared with unlabeled cells,the labeled cells grew well,and had no significant changes in the growth curve.After transplantation into the liver of rats,the PKH26 labeled cells were mainly distributed in blood vessel endothelium along fibers and hepatic sinusoids in hepatic lobule.Endothelial cell-specific antigens such as CD31 and vWF could be detected along the vascular walls.Conclusion PKH26 could be used to label and track EPCs in the liver of rats with liver fibrosis in vitro.The PKH26-labeled cells may migrate to the surrounding of the hepatic vessels and differentiate into mature endothelial cells.

Objective To evaluate the effect and pathological characters for patients with early esophageal carcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasia after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Methods 69 patients from January 2013 to January 2016 were treated with ESD at the early stage of esophageal carcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasia. The clinical features and the size of the lesions of all the patients were collected. Then analyzed postoperative complications and pathological characteristics. Results Among 69 cases, 16 were early esophageal cancer, 38 were high-grade esophageal neoplasia and 35 were low-grade esophageal neoplasia. The whole piece resection rate was 100.00 % (69/69), complete resection rate and curative resection rate was 95.65 % (66/69), respectively. The largest removal diameter is 7.0 cm. Biopsy accuracy was 69.57 % (48/69). Compared with biopsy, diagnostic accuracy with ESD specimens is higher. Conclusion The early esophageal carcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasia can be treated with ESD. ESD can resect lesions primarily, provide complete specimen for further pathological assessment and improve diagnostic accuracy.

On the basis of relevant literature, according to the clinical experience of Tuina specialists, a preliminary plan of Tuina for nonspecific low back pain has been formed. An expert consensus meeting was used to form a non-specific low back pain assessment program and 3 modern Gongting Lijinshu (Tuina massage) for the treatment of nonspecific low back pain. The treatment has showed to be clinically repeatable and suitable for the RCT study.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of epithelial cell adhesion molecule(EpCAM) and Claudin-18 in gastric cancer.Methods Surgical specimens of gastric cancer were taken from 64 patients.The histological diagnostic criteria were based on WHO standards.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect expression levels of EpCAM and Claudin-18 in all samples.The relationship between the expression of EpCAM and Claudin-18 and clinicopathological parameters of gastric cancer was analyzed.Correlations of the prognosis of gastric cancer patients with EpCAM and Claudin-18 expression were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.Results The positive expression rate of EpCAM was elevated with the increase in tumor size and the occurrence of distant metastasis(x2 =4.526 and 36.090,P=0.033 and 0.000).There were significant differences in Claudin-18 protein expression among different age,TNM stage,growth pattern,depth of invasion and distant metastasis patients(all P＜0.05).Cox regression model analysis showed that tumor size and distant metastasis were the main risk factors affecting the survival of patients with gastric cancer (RR =50.076 and 1.617,P =0.016 and 0.032),while levels of EpCAM and Claudin-18 were not independent risk factors (both P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions EpCAM and Claudin-18 are closely related to the invasiveness of gastric cancer,but abnormally high levels of EpCAM and Claudin-18 are not independent risk factors for the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.