Objective: To analyse the effects of physical activity on neurocognitive function in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD),so as to provide a theoretical basis and specific guidance for the clinical cognitive function rehabilitation practice of ASD children. Methods: Relevant literature on the effects of physical activity on neurocognitive function in children with ASD were searched in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases from their inception to March 2024 using specific subject terms. Information on authors, countries, publication dates, study populations, diagnostic criterion, interventions, measurement tools and study results were extracted postscreening. The methodological quality of the articles was assessed using the PEDro Scale, followed by a systematic review. Results: A total of seventeen articles and were included in the study and English literature, most of them were of good quality. The study included 10 randomized controlled trials, 4 quasiexperimental designs, and 3 preand posttest designs. The rehabilitative effects of physical activity on children with ASD were primarily observed in enhanced attention and executive function, as well as improvements in brain structure and function. Children with ASD showed varying cognitive effects in physical and skillbased programs, with skillbased activities like basketball and table tennis notably improving cognitive function. Conclusion Physical activity is an effective intervention that enhances cognitive abilities such as attention and executive function, as well as brain structure and function in children with ASD.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of physical activity on children's cognitive function based on International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). MethodsThe PICO framework was constructed. Trials on the effects of physical activity on children's cognition were searched in Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest and CNKI from inception to June 1st, 2023. The included literature was evaluated for methodological quality using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. ResultsTen papers from six countries with a total of 550 subjects were involved, including both healthy children and children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders. Physical activity involved running, cycling, high jumping, jumping rope and soccer, and the type of physical activity was acute aerobic exercise, ranging from twelve to 30 minutes, mostly at moderate intensity. Health outcomes were focused on cognitive aspects. ConclusionA theoretical framework for the benefits of physical activity on children's cognitive function has been constructed based on ICF. Acute physical activity shortens reaction time, improves various subcomponents of executive function, increases selective attention, and consolidates long-term memory.

ObjectiveTo systematically review the effect of neurofeedback training on cognitive function in the elderly within the framework of the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11), and International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). MethodsA PICO framework was constructed. Randomized controlled trials on neurofeedback training for cognitive function in the elderly from PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, and CNKI up to July, 2023 were systematically reviewed. Methodological quality assessment of the included literature was performed using Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. ResultsA total of 15 researches were included, from ten countries, involving 520 participants, who were healthy elderly individuals or those with mild cognitive impairment. Various neurofeedback waveforms were utilized, such as alpha, beta, theta, beta/alpha, and sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) waves. Intervention duration ranged from 20 to 90 minutes, with intervention frequencies spanning from a long-term intervention of 30 sessions over 12 weeks to a high-frequency short-term intervention of eight sessions over one week. The primary health outcomes focused on cognitive function, including memory, attention, inhibitory control and executive function. ConclusionNeurofeedback training can improve the cognitive function of the eldery, and alleviate cognitive aging.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of aerobic capacity on depression in school-age children, and the multiple mediators of the five dimensions of psychosocial functioning (emotional symptoms, conduct problems, peer problems, prosocial behavior and hyperactivity) between aerobic capacity and depression. MethodsFrom October to December, 2021, pupils of Grade two to Grade five from two primary schools were chester-sampled and investigated using 20-meter multistage shuttle run test, Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children, Self-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. ResultsA total of 391 pupils underwent 20-meter multistage shuttle run test, and 312 out of them answering the questionnaires, and 294 questionnaires were valid. Aerobic capacity, depression, emotional symptoms, peer problems, prosocial behavior and hyperactivity were significantly correlated with each other (|r| > 0.127, P < 0.05) (except aerobic capacity and peer problems, and emotional symptoms and prosocial behavior). The results of the multiple mediation effect model showed that aerobic capacity could directly and negatively predict depression, and the mediating effects of emotional symptoms, peer problems, prosocial behavior and hyperactivity were significant, accounting for 34.37%, 12.54%, 34.06% and 17.80% of the total mediating effect, respectively. ConclusionThe aerobic capacity could not only directly affect depression of school-age children, but also improve their psychosocial functioning by reducing emotional symptoms, peer problems and hyperactivity, and increasing prosocial behavior, to indirectly affect their depression.

ObjectiveTo systematically review the effects of mind-body exercise on sleep quality, and to sort out the influencing factors of mind-body exercise intervention program. MethodsLiteratures about the effects of mind-body exercise on sleep were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang data from establishment to June 1, 2022. The author, country, publication time, study object, study method, intervention process, measurement tool and outcome index were extracted from the selected literature. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality. ResultsA total of 14 English literatures were included, all of which were randomized controlled trails, and the overall research quality was good. Mind-body exercise methods included Taijiquan, Qigong and Baduanjin. Most of the subjects were old and sick people. Physical exercise intervention with a duration of ten to twelve weeks, a single time of 60 minutes and at least two to three times a week could improve sleep quality to the greatest extent. The health status of the participants was an important factor affecting the effect of the intervention. ConclusionMind-body exercise can improve sleep quality, relieve anxiety and depression, and promote mental health.

Objective To explore the affect of physical activity on neurocognitive function of overweight children.Methods The literatures about the effect of physical activity on neurocognitive function of overweight children were retrieved with subjected retrieval method in CNKI, VIP, Wanfang database, PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO databases from January, 2000 to January, 2022. The authors, countries, published years, ages of subjects, research methods, intervention time, measurement tools and measurement indicators were extracted.Results Twelve articles were selected finally. These articles came from United States, Italy, Belgium and China, were mainly published in journals of psychology, clinical medicine, neuroscience, physical education. The study design included randomized controlled trials and pre-post-trial. The mean PEDro score was 6.67. The types of physical activity included fitness, skills and sports activities. The overweight children participating in physical activities could benefit from cognition and brain plasticity. On the cognition, physical activity could improve attention, memory, inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility. In terms of brain plasticity, physical activity could improve the integrity of brain white matter, increase hippocampal volume, enhance brain activation and brain network connectivity.Conclusion Physical activity is a simple and effective form of exercise. It can improve not only attention, memory, executive function and other cognitive functions, but also brain structure and brain function in overweight children. The mechanism of cognition, the interaction between physical activity and other factors, and the dose-relationship between physical activity and cognitive benefits still need to be explored in the future.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between mental health and sleep quality of high-level shooting athletes and its significance to psychological rehabilitation. MethodsIn March, 2021, 21 high-level shooting athletes were investigated using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Profile of Mood State (POMS). They were divided into normal sleep group (n = 9) and sleep disorder group (n = 12). The psychological state of athletes with different sleep quality was calculated and the correlation was analyzed. ResultsThe scores of tension, anger, fatigue, and total of motional disturb (TMD) in POMS were higher in the sleep disorder group than in the normal sleep group (t > 2.18, P <0.05). The total of PSQI postively correlated with tension, anger, fatigue, depression, panic, and TMD of POMS (r > 0.454, P < 0.05). After step regression, fatigue was the main variable related to PSQI (P = 0.001). ConclusionThe sleep quality of high-level shooting athletes is affected by mental state, and the mental fatigue is the most important factor. The follow-up psychological rehabilitation professionals should pay more attention to the negative emotions and psychological fatigue of shooting event athletes.

ObjectiveTo review the application of artificial intelligence in anxiety and depression among children and adolescents. MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang data were searched for literature related to artificial intelligence applied in of anxiety and depression among children and adolescents from January, 2014 to January, 2024, and a scoping review was conducted. ResultsA total of ten papers were included, originating from the United States, China, Australia and France. These researches were primarily published in journals related to psychology, public health, clinical medicine, neuroscience and rehabilitation, involving six cross-sectional researches, three longitudinal researches and one interview, including 10 880 participants aged from three to 18 years. The types of data mainly included questionnaires/scales, interview data and brain imaging data. Features related to anxiety and depression were extracted from the data, and artificial intelligence were employed to develop models for the identification or prediction of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. ConclusionArtificial intelligence is potential for identifying or predicting anxiety and depression in children and adolescents.

ObjectiveTo establish the categories and structure of physical activity in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and systematically evaluate the long-term effect of physical activity on the executive function of children with ASD, based on the theoretical and methodological framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health-Children and Youth version (ICF-CY). MethodsA search was conducted in databases such as Wanfang data, CNKI, PubMed, Web of Science and ProQuest, to collect literatures about long-term physical activity for executive function of children with ASD published from 2014 to 2023. The literatures were reviewed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, following PRISMA guidelines for systematic review, and the quality of the included literatures were assessed with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. ResultsTotally, ten articles were included, consisting of nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and one non-randomized controlled trial, with a total of 351 children diagnosed as ASD, aged three to 18 years, came from Italy, Canada, South Korea, China and the United States, published mainly after 2016. Physical activity primarily included sports activities (such as baseball, basketball, table tennis and equine-assisted activities), skill-based activities (such as cycling, cognitive-motor training and active gaming), physical fitness activities (SPARK), as well as combat-related activities (martial arts and karate); 30 to 70 minutes a time (mainly 45 minutes), one to five times a week (mainly twice a week), for two to 24 weeks (mainly twelve weeks). Long-term physical activities had been found to improve inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility in children with ASD, although the effect on working memory was inconsistent. ConclusionLong-term physical activity may positively impact on executive function in children with ASD, especially inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility. However, the effect on working memory need more researches.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of twelve-week aerobic exercise on inhibitory control abilities and the change of brain activation in overweight children. MethodsFrom October to December, 2021, 20 overweight children from a primary school in Changping District were selected for a twelve-week aerobic exercise intervention. Their inhibitory control abilities were measured by Flanker task before and after intervention, while their brain activation levels during the task were detected by functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). ResultsThe interactions between task type and time of accuracy and reaction time in inconsistent tasks Flanker task were significant (F > 9.277, P < 0.05), with higher accuracy and lower reaction time of after intervention (P < 0.05). After intervention, ch1, ch2, ch3, ch6, and ch8 channels were activated by inconsistent tasks (P < 0.05). ConclusionA twelve-week aerobic exercise intervention could improve the inhibitory control ability, and increase the prefrontal cortex activation during inconsistent tasks in overweight children.