Objective:To explore the risk factors of bladder recurrence in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (upper tract urothelial carcinoma, UTUC).Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the data of 815 patients underwent radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma between June 2009 to June 2019.There were 519 males and 340 females, aged from 26-93 years old(average 66.5±9.6 years old). 396 patients were renal pelvic caicinoma.463 patients were ureteral caicinoma.675 patients were accompanied with hydronephrosis.664 patients were accompanied with preoperative gross hematuria. Preoperative diagnostic ureteroscopy was performed in 323 cases.283 patients had the history of smoking.48 patients were con-comitant with bladder carcinoma at the first diagnosis. Univariate analysis and logistic multivariate regression analysis were used to investigate the risk factors for bladder recurrence after UTUC radical surgery.Results:Among the 859 patients, 407 (47.4%) had low-stage tumor (T is/T a/T 1), 452 (52.6%) had high-stage tumor (T 2-T 4), 110 (12.8%) had low-stage tumor (G 1/G 2), and 749 (87.2%) had high-stage tumor (G 3). 126 (17.2%) of 859 patients had relapse during the follow-up period, the average follow-up time was 17 months, the median recurrence time was 12 months, 101(80.1%) of the relapse occurred within 2 years after operation. In univariate analysis, lower tumor stage ( P=0.047), higher tumor grade ( P=0.043), preoperative hematuria symptom ( P=0.023) and preoperative diagnostic ureteroscopy ( P=0.002) were closely related to bladder recurrence. Taking the above factors into the logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that tumor staging T is/T s/T 1 ( B=0.476, P=0.019), tumor grade G 3( B=0.848, P=0.024), preoperative hematuria symptom ( B=0.521, P=0.048), preoperative diagnostic ureteroscopy( B=0.521, P=0.002) were independent risk factors of postoperative recurrence of bladder. Conclusion:lower tumor stage, higher tumor grade, preoperative hematuria symptom and preoperative diagnostic ureteroscopy are the independent risk factors of postoperative bladder recurrence in patients with UTUC. Routine intravesical chemotherapy should be performed in patients with UTUC with the above risk factors, and routine diagnostic ureteroscopy is not recommended.