OBJECTIVE: To explore the techniques for providing drug consultations to improve the pharmaceutical care level.METHODS: The drug consultation records of 601 ophthalmological outpatients in our hospital from Mar.2007 to Mar.2008 were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS: 36.8% of the patients consulted from the clinical pharmacists about the administration of drugs versus 15.9% about the adverse drug reactions.CONCLUSION: The drug consultation service provided by pharmacists can promote rational drug use and enhance the therapeutic efficacy.

Objective To develop one kind of mainstream ET-CO2 (carbon dioxide of the expiration tip)detector which provides accurate and real-time testing results. Methods Applying ADμC7026 as central processing unit for data pre-processing, temperature compensation algorithm and non-linear correction, the ETCO2 concentration, respiration waveform and respiration rate were obtained. Results The analyzing results of the experimental data shows that the system meets the design requirements with fine stability, rapid response, good repeatability and high accuracy. Conclusion ET-CO2 detector based on ADμC7026 makes the detection of CO2 more accurate and reliable, which provides more accurate real-time data for critical patient monitoring, anesthetic care, pediatric respiratory care and so on.

[Objective]To study the neurologic criterion and curative effect facts of cervical spondylotic myelopathy.[Method]A prospective study was carried out and 21 cases of cervical spondylotic myelopathy were involved in this investigation to be classified by Nurick grade,JOA score and 40 cent classification.The possibility curative effect facts were analysed.[Result]The patients were followed up for average 11 months.Spinal cord function score were improved by 2~3 grades according to Nurick grade;1～6 cent to JOA score and 7~12 cent to 40 cent postoperation.Height of vertebral,cervical lordosis,centrum posterior decompression being unenough,excess height of centrum were curative effect facts of cervical spondylotic myelopathy.[Conclusion]Nurick classify allow even more contrast,but unsuit to some Cervical spondylotic myelopathy,JOA is simple and convenit,efficienf and across-the-aboard;40 cent assess measure is impersonality but cockamamie.Height of vertebral and centrum posterior decompression being unenough are most important facts about surgery.

BACKGROUND: Ischemic osteonecrosis of femoral head can cause dysfunction of the patients and the most frequently advocated treatment for advanced osteonecrosis of femoral head is total hip arthroplasty. But the reason is unknown. A potential cause in patients with osteonecrosis of femoral head is abnormal cancellous bone in the proximal femur which is short of further investigation.OBJECTIVE: To probe into proximal femoral change of patients with ischemic osteonecrosis of the femoral head.DESIGN: A non-randomized concurrent controlled study based on the patients.SETTING: Department of Traumatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao UniversityPARTICIPANTS: This study was done at the Department of Traumatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University from September 1999 to May 2003. Eighteen patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head including 12 males and 6 females with the average age of (50 ± 5) years and eighteen patients with osteoarthritis of the hip attended including 10 males and 8 female with the average age of(62 ±3)years were involved in this study.METHODS: Histological examination of the femoral heads and cancellous bone biopsies from four regions of the proximal femur in 18 patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head following total hip arthroplasty was perforned. Eighteen patients with osteoarthritis were set as control group. All histological specimens were examined in a double-blinded fashion.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The femoral neck, the greater trochanter, the lesser trochanter, the necrosis scoring and necrosis positive rate of shaft of femur of the patients in the two groups.RESULTS: Extensive osteonecrosis was found in the proximal femur up to 4 cm below the lesser trochanter in the group with osteonecrosis. The osteonecrosis scoring was 82 and 16 in the osteonecrosis group and control group respectively and the osteonecrotic positive rate was 63.89% and 19.44% respectively, There was an overall statistically significant difference in the extent of osteonecrosis death in the proximal femur between the two groups ( P ＜ 0. 001 ).CONCLUSION: Bone change of proximal femur might be one of the reasons for the early failure of total hip replacement reported in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Objective To study the clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of Dieulafoy′s disease.Methods The clinical characteristics,diagnosis,methods of treatment and efficacy of treatment of 19 cases of (Dieulafoy′s) disease were analyzed retrospectively.Results All cases presented as abrupt upper gastrointestinal bleeding.12 cases(63.2%) were diagnosed at the first,and 4 cases (21.1%) at the second ecdoscopic examination,and 3 cases(15.8%) were diagnosed at exploratory operation.Hemorrhage stopped successfully after one endoscopic treatment in 14 cases and after 2 endoscopic treatments in 1 case.4 cases were cured by operation(including 1 case with re-bleeding 72 hours after endoscopic treatment).Conclusions Emergency endosopic examination is the best way to diagnose Dieulafoy′s disease and endoscopic treatment is the method of choice to treat it.If hemorrhage fails to stop after endoscopic treatments,surgical operation should be (performed) immediately.

Objective To search for an easy standardization p aternity testing method. Methods Based on nine completed da ta and stable tetranucleotide STR loci, 45 paternity cases were typed by using f luorescence labeling primer, multiplex PCR, higher sensitivity 377 DNA sequencer , and then the computer automatically collected the data and made analysis, STR loci alleles and genotypes were determined. Results Th ere was no relationship between alleged fathers and children in 21 cases. But in 24 cases the relationship could not be excluded. Conclusion The STR loci genescan method is convenient, time-saving, fast and has hig her sensitivity. The results are accurate and reliable.

Objective To study the diagnostic value of radial echoendoscopy combined with ultrasonic micro-probe for differentiating mediastinal disease from esophageal submucosal lesion.Methods Data of 53 patients with esophageal eminence with unknown origin detected by gastroscopy or CT in China-Japan Union Hospital were reviewed.Ultrasonic micro-probe was performed first and followed with radial echoendoscopy.The diagnosis was compared with the results of CT.Results The diagnostic sensitivities of EUS and CT for esophageal submucosal lesion were 90.9％ (20/22) and 50.0％ (11/22),and the specificities were 93.5％ (29/31)and 83.9％ (26/31).The sensitivities for the benign mediastinal disease were 91.7％ (22/24) and 70.8％ (17/24),and the specificities for the benign disease were 93.1％ (27/29)and 62.1％ (18/29).The sensitivity and specificity for malignant mediastinal disease were both 100.0％.Conclusion Radial echoendoscopy combined with ultrasonic micro-probe shows prominent advantage in the diagnosis of the esophageal submucosal lesion and mediastinal disease over CT,especially in the specificity and sensitivity for esophageal submucosal lesion and benign mediastinal disease.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the postoperative pulmonary function in patients undergoing laparoscopic operation.Methods Eighty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 45-64 yr,weighing 45-70 kg,undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer,were divided into 2 groups (n =40 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group Dex).General anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia was used.In group Dex,dexmedetonidine was intravenously infused as a bolus of 0.3 μg/kg over 10 min after epidural catheterization and before induction of general anesthesia,followed by an infusion of O.4 μg · kg-1 · h-1 starting from the end of tracheal intubation until 30 min before the end of operation.The equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group C.After epidural catheterization and before infusion of dexmedetomidine (T0),immediately before termination of pneumoperitoneum (T1) and at 1,6 and 24 h after operation (T2-4),blood samples were taken from the peripheral vein for determination of concentrations of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6),IL-10,tumor necrosis factor-alpha and malondialdehyde,and arterial blood gas analysis was performed simultaneously.Respiratory index and oxygenation index (OI) were calculated,and the occurrence of OI ≤ 300 mmHg was recorded.Results Compared with group C,the serum IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations and respiratory index were significantly decreased,and IL-1O concentrations and OI were increased at T1-4,and malondialdehyde concentrations were decreased at T1-3,and the incidence of OI ≤ 300 mmHg was decreased in group Dex (P＜0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can inhibit inflammatory responses and improve the postoperative pulmonary function in patients undergoing laparoscopic operation.

Objective To construct the vector of RNA interference(RNAi) targeting survivin gene and observe its effect combined with X-rays radiation on lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell apoptosis.Methods One pair of RNAi sequence targeting survivin gene were designed according to its cDNA sequence reported in GenBank,the recombinant RNAi plasmid pGenesil2-survivin was constructed.After identified by enzyme digestion and sequencing,the pGenesil2-survivin plasmid was trasfeced into A549 cells.In the experiment,normal group,pGenesil2 group,pGenesil2-survivin group,5 Gy irradiation group and pGenesil2-survivin + 5 Gy irradiation group were set up.The apoptosis of A549 cells was measured by flow cytometry with PI/Annexin Ⅴ and TUNEL,the survivin and caspase-3 expressions were measured by Western blotting.Results Two fragments about 389 bp and 4 206 bp were gotten by KpnⅠand EcoRⅠenzyme digestion,they are the same to expected result,the sequencing result was compared to oligonucleotide chain with DNAssist 2.0,they were equal,these indicated the identification of pGenesil2-survivin vector was right;pGenesil2-survivin was transfected into A549 cells for 48 h,the apoptotic percentage in pGenesil2-survivin and 5 Gy X-rays groups increased obviously(P

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and related factors of holmium laser lithotripsy under ureteroscopy in treating mid -upper ureteral calculi.Methods The clinical data of 65 patients with mid -up-per ureteral calculi were retrospectively analyzed.Results The overall stone -free rate was 90.7% (59 /65 ). 4 weeks after operation,the stone -free rate was 94.9%(56 /59).The incidence rate of complications was 3.3%(2 /59).Stone size,hydronephrosis,ureteral stricture and twist,complicated with ureteral polypus were related to the success of lithotripsy(P =0.028).Conclusion Holmium laser lithotripsy under ureteroscopy in treating mid -upper ureteral calculi is safe and effective,improve surgical techniques and pay attention to cases screening may improve the success rate.