Combined with practical experience, a stock investigation method of medicinal plants is approached from different angles, such as setting up the sample field and quadrant, doing the fieldwork, calculating the stock and annual possible gathering volume, etc. Depending on the geographical distribution features of the plants, the sample field are pointed out on topographic maps (1: 50 00 or 1: 10 000). Quadrants are set up at random or regularly according to the species and density of the plants. The locat ion, area, slop orientation, gradient,elevation, and vegetation of the sample field, also the area of quadrant and the amount of plants investigated, should be carefully noted down during the fieldwork .The quadrants are classified according to their slop orientation and gradient, then convert the recorded amonut of plants in quadrants to the amount of plants per square kilornetre. The stock of Per square kilometre is equal to the volume of the amount of the plants in per square kilometre divided by the amount of the plants per kilogram. The stock of per square kilometre multiplied by the area of earth's surface is the stock volume, which should be classified by the slop orientaion and gradient. The sum of the volunes is the total stock of a kind of plant.As to gather and make use of the medicinal plants in a gathering circle period, the annul possible gathering volume should be calculated as the stock volume of the plant divided by the gathering circle period.

This paper reports one case of elderly patients with bronchial foreign body, and analyzes the causes of misdiagnosis. And the best choice of removing larger foreign body is operating under rigid bronchoscopy.
Aged, 80 and over ; Bronchi ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Male

Objective To evaluate the tolerance and safety of sorafenib for elderly patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.Methods Forty cases with advanced renal cell carcinoma were enrolled,26 were males and 14 were females,the average age was 70 years.Recurrence or metastasis was found in 32 patients who had received nephrectomy,22 of the 32 cases had received cytokine therapy before recurrence or metastasis.Primary renal lesions of 8 cases could not be resected,so patients get renal tumor biopsy.Pathological type of all patients was clear cell carcinoma.KPS of all the patients were ≥70 points.Sorafenib was used as first-line treatment,with 400 mg twice per day,until intolerance or disease progression occurred.Results The average treatment time was 7.5 months (3-18 months),CR 0 case,PR 6 cases,SD 29 cases,PD 5 cases.The overall objective response rate and disease control rate were 15.0% (6/40)and 87.5%(35/40),respectively.The median follow-up period was 11 months.The adverse reaction included hand-foot skin reaction(70.0%),alopecia (62.5%),rash(52.5%),diarrhea(37.5%),loss of appetite(32.5%),fatigue(27.5%).Most adverse reactions occurred around the second week after drug therapy initiation,their duration did not equal.And most of these adverse reactions could be released by symptomatic treatment,they did not affect the treatment.Conclusions The types of adverse reactions of sorafenib for elderly patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma are similar to those reported in the literature.Generally the degree of adverse reactions is minor,with good tolerance and safety.

Objective:To investigate the factors related to recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with posterior capsular involvment.Methods:The data of 186 PTC patients admitted and operated from Jun 2017 to Jun 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The invasion of recurrent laryngeal nerve was evaluated on its relation to gender, age, tumor size, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, lymph node metastasis in central region, BRAFV600E gene mutation especially PTC posterior capsular involvement.Results:The recurrent laryngeal nerve was invaded in 30 out of 186 patients. Univariate analysis showed that recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion was related to tumor size, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and cervical lymph node metastasis( χ2=6.964,4.814,6.078, P<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that tumor size and lymph node metastasis in cervical region were independent risk factors for recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion(β=1.020,1.622, P<0.05). Hashimoto's thyroiditis was a protective factor for recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion (β=-1.881, P<0.05). Conclusions:When papillary thyroid carcinoma invaded the capsule, the risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion was higher with larger tumor size and cervical lymph node metastasis, while Hashimoto's thyroiditis was a protective factor for the risk of recurrent nerve invasion.