UNLABELLEDOBJECTIVE To explore the effect of combined use of rehmannia (RM) and rhodiola (RD) on peripheral leukopenia and bone marrow hematopoietic function suppression induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX) in mice.

METHODSICR mice were established into bone marrow inhibition models by intraperitoneal injection of CTX, and were administered with RM, RD or its extract (RDE), singly or in mixture, via gastrogavage for 10 days. The changes of peripheral hemogram, bone marrow nucleated cell proliferation, CFU-GM colony formation, GM-CSF and erythropoietin (EPO) secretion were observed.

RESULTSCompared with the un-treated model mice, the peripheral white blood cell count was significantly higher in model mice treated with RDE and RM mixture; the bone marrow nucleated cells count, CFU-GM formation, and GM-CSF production were significant higher in model mice treated with RD and RM mixture, showing statistical significance (P < 0.01); while EPO production in the RD and RM mixture treated group was slightly elevated, but the difference showed no statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONRD and RM mixture could regulate hematopoietic system by promoting the production of bone marrow cells and colonies, as well as enhancing the synthesis of related cytokines, such as GM-CSF, so as to increase the amount of peripheral white blood cells and restore the hematopoietic function of organism.

Animals ; Bone Marrow ; drug effects ; Cyclophosphamide ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Erythropoietin ; secretion ; Female ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; secretion ; Hematopoiesis ; drug effects ; Leukopenia ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Phytotherapy ; Rehmannia ; chemistry ; Rhodiola ; chemistry

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） syndromes of primary osteoporosis（POP） in China by using evidence-based medicine methods， and to understand the distribution law of the syndromes. MethodChina National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）， VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database（VIP）， WanFang Data Knowledge Service Platform（WanFang） and China Biology Medicine（CBM） were searched to obtain representative literature， and each database was searched from the 1994 World Health Organization defined diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis until May 1， 2023. Two researchers independently screened literature according to the criteria， extracted data， and cross-checked them. Meta analysis was conducted using R4.1.3， and subgroup analysis was performed. ResultA total of 56 Chinese papers were included， involving 14 415 patients. After standardized classification of syndromes， 11 articles were excluded， and Meta analysis results of the ultimately included 45 Chinese articles showed that the distribution frequencies of liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome， spleen-kidney Yang deficiency syndrome and kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in 12 723 patients were 27%［95% confidence interval（CI） 0.24-0.31］， 32%（95% CI 0.29-0.36）， 36%（95% CI 0.30-0.42）. Subgroup analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of the three TCM syndromes in the north and south（P<0.05）. In addition， the incidence of TCM syndrome fractures in different types of POP was 15%（95% CI 0.09-0.24） for liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome， 20%（95% CI 0.12-0.30） for spleen-kidney Yang deficiency syndrome， and 31%（95% CI 0.25-0.39） for kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. ConclusionThe distribution of syndromes in POP patients is mainly kidney deficiency， accompanied by liver and spleen dysfunction. Liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome， spleen-kidney Yang deficiency syndrome and kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome are all the main syndromes of POP and osteoporotic fractures， and kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome is most closely related to the development of osteoporotic fractures. The reference standards for syndrome determination among the included studies are inconsistent， and in the future， it is necessary to focus on their determination standards to obtain consensus research results， at the same time， conduct large-scale syndrome research to obtain representative research results， providing a basis for clinical practice and research.

Objective To evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of Cinnamaldehyde in combination with Voriconazole (VRC) against clinically isolated Aspergillus fumigatus strains. Methods According to the Clinical and Laboratory Stan?dards Institute (CLSI) M38-A2 document,the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of Cinnamaldehyde and VRC alone or in combination against 42 clinical Aspergillus fumigatus isolates were determined by both microdillution method and check?board method respectively. The MIC50, MIC90, MICG and MICs distribution were compared between single drug and both in combination. The concentration-accumulative curve was drawn and fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) was cal?culated to evaluate the interaction between two test agents. Results The values of MIC50, MIC90 and MICG were significant?ly decreased (P<0.001) when combination of the two drugs than those of their single use, with their MIC distribution concen?tration-accumulative curves shifted to the left. The value of FICI of Cinnamaldehye-VRC combination ranged from 0.187 5 to 1.5. Sixteen strains (38.10%) of them showed the synergistic effect, 19 strains (45.23%) showed additive effect, and 7 strains (16.67%) showed an unrelated effect, and no antagonist effect on tested Aspergillus fumigatus strains in vitro. Conclu?sion Cinnamaldehye in combination with VRC mainly shows a combined synergic and additive inhibitory effect on Asper?gillus fumigatus isolates, and this combination appears to be more active against the test strains, which are less susceptible to voriconazole.

Objective To study the treatment effect of cinnamaldehyde on Aspergillus fumigatus biofilm(BF) in vitro .Meth‐ods The models of A .fumigatus BF were established in vitro ;the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) on A .fumigatus was measured .The crystal violet assay and scanning electron microscopy were employed to determined the treatment effect of A .fumiga‐tus biofilm under varying concentrations of cinnamaldehyde .Results BF models were established successfully in vitro .MIC value of A .fumigatus of cinnamaldehyde was 256 μg/mL ;The biofilm biomass in serially increasing concentrations of cinnamaldehyde(1 MIC ,1/2 MIC ,1/4 MIC)were 0 .81 ± 0 .11 ,1 .13 ± 0 .18 and 1 .59 ± 0 .11 respectively .Compared to untreated control group(2 .18 ± 0 .15) ,difference achieved statistical significance(P<0 .05) .SEM studies revealed the deformity of three‐dimensional structures of biofilms treated with sub‐MICs of cinnamaldehyde .Conclusion Cinnamaldehyde has significant antifungal activity against Aspergil‐lus fumigatus ,sub‐MICs could disrupt the mature biofilm in vitro .

Autoimmune liver disease is a group of liver diseases caused by the disorder of the autoimmune system, and some patients may have the symptoms of dry mouth and dry eyes. Patients with autoimmune liver disease and Sj gren’s syndrome are commonly seen in clinical practice. This article summarizes the research advances in the clinical manifestation, pathological features, key diagnosis/treatment points, and prognosis of autoimmune liver disease with Sj gren’s syndrome.

Diabetic kidney disease （DKD） is one of the most common microvascular complications in patients with diabetes. DKD is also the main cause of end-stage renal failure， with very complex pathogenesis. A large number of experiments have confirmed that epigenetic mechanisms， including histone chemical modifications and lipid metabolites 12/15-lipoxygenase （12/15-LO）， are involved in regulating the characteristic pathophysiological process of DKD， based on which， this review further explores the pathogenesis of DKD and provides the new research direction for DKD treatment.

The study is aimed to explore the effect of different temperature on the content of baicalin and gene expression in the growth of Scutellaria baicalensis. Four culture temperatures were used to establish the callus culture of S. baicalensis under dark conditions for 40 days and once every 5 days. The growth and baicalin contents were determined. 18S RNA was used as a reference gene to analyze the five key factors in baicalin biosynthesis pathway (PAL), cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H), chalcone synthase (CHS), β-glucuronidase (GUS), baicalein-7--glucuronosyltransferase (UBGAT) gene expression levels. The results showed that biomass, baicalin content and accumulation increased with the increase of temperature. 25 °C and 30 °C were more suitable for the growth of S. baicalensis. The content and accumulation of baicalin at 25 °C reached the highest level at 30 days, reaching 2.75% and 12.44 mg, respectively. The relative expression levels of C4H, CHS, GUS and UGBAT genes at 15 °C were higher than those at other treatments. The correlation between the relative expression levels of each key enzyme and the content of baicalin was negatively correlated with the increase of incubation temperature. The relative expression levels of PAL, C4H and CHS genes at 25 °C and 30 °C were significantly correlated with the contents of baicalin and reached a highly significant or significant level. Relative low temperature conditions were not conducive to the growth of S. baicalensis and the accumulation of baicalin. The accumulation of baicalin by PAL and C4H in the upstream of the synthetic pathway was significant.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of the first episode of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PDAP) in patients receiving long-term peritoneal dialysis. METHODS: The clinical data of patients with the first episode of PDAP in 4 general hospitals in Jilin Province from 2013 to 2019 were collected retrospectively. According to the duration of dialysis, the patients were divided into long-term (≥36 months) and short-term (< 36 months) dialysis groups for comparison of the clinical data, treatment outcomes and long-term prognostic events. RESULTS: A total of 625 patients with PDAP were enrolled, including 93 on long-term and 532 on short-term dialysis. Compared with those on short-term dialysis, the patients on long-term dialysis had significantly higher hemoglobin levels and lower glomerular filtration rates when the first episode of PDAP occurred ( CONCLUSIONS Compared with those on short-term dialysis, patients on long-term dialysis are prone to gram-negative bacterial infection when the first episode of PDAP occurs with worse treatment outcomes but similar long-term outcomes. Long-term dialysis is an independent risk factor of extubation and treatment failure for the first episode of PDAP, and fungal and mixed bacterial infections are independent risk factors for treatment failure of the first PDAP in patients with long-term dialysis.
Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy* ; Peritoneal Dialysis/adverse effects* ; Peritonitis/etiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

The genus Rhodococcus is of considerable interest in recent years, stemming from their diverse applications in biodegradation, bioremediation, biotransformation and biosurfactant. Using Nocardia/Rhodococcus-Escherichia coli shuttle plasmid pNV18.1 as the backbone vector, we tested the driven efficiency of promoters Ptac and PlacZ of E. coli and Pami-1/Pami-2 of R. ruber in host R. rhodochrous ATCC 33278 by overexpression of nitrile hydratase. Results showed that the specific activity of nitrile hydratase per dry cell weight in engineered Rhodococcus strains driven by Ptac, Pami-1, Pami-2 and PlacZ was 7.5, 6.3, 5.3 and 1.8 times of that in the wild, respectively. It indicated that these promoters could be well recognized by RNA polymerase of Rhodococcus. We further expressed the beta-galactosidase reporter gene (lacZ) in R. ruber driven by promoter PlacZ. Results indicated that lacZ was an appropriate reporter gene for genetic or metabolic engineering research of Rhodococcus.
Escherichia coli ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Genes, Reporter ; genetics ; Lac Operon ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Rhodococcus ; enzymology ; genetics ; beta-Galactosidase ; genetics

Heat shock protein 90 is a new target of antitumor drug, the inhibitor of Hsp90 fight against tumor by destroy and degrade the structure of protein. In recent years, looking for Hsp90 inhibitor is not only via structure modifying of natural products, but also via high throughput screening and computer aided drug design to find and synthesize new kinds of Hsp90 inhibitor. Anyway, Hsp90 inhibitor has considered as an important biology target and to pay more and more attention. This review describes recent developments of small molecule Hsp90 inhibitors.
Adenine ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Anisoles ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Benzoquinones ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Catechin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Crystallization ; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; chemistry ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lactams, Macrocyclic ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Macrolides ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Molecular Structure ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Pyrazoles ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship