1. Analysis of pathogenic spectrum and clinical characteristics of viral diarrhea in children
Hong-bo JIANG ; Ting-yu MENG ; Cheng-xun WANG
Chinese Journal of Practical Pediatrics 2019;34(07):583-586
OBJECTIVE: To study the pathogenic spectrum and the clinical characteristics of viral diarrhea in children.METHODS: The study was conducted in 400 children with viral diarrhea hospitalized in Children's Hospital from January to December in 2016. The stool specimens(about 5 mL)were collected for detection from the children on the day of hospitalization. The ELISA method and PCR method were used to detect the genotypes of HUCV,HADV,HAsta V and HRV in stool specimens,and the clinical data of children were collected at the same time. RESULTS: In 2016,the total positive rate of HRV,HUCV,EAd V and HAst V in the stool specimens of children with viral diarrhea was 59%(236 cases). The positive detection rates of the four viruses were 178 cases(75.42%),68 cases(28.81%),12 cases(5.08%)and 5 cases(2.12%)respectively,of which 11.42% were double mixed infection and 41% were of unknown pathogens. The HRVG6(93.63%,147 cases)and P3(91.08%)as well as G6[P3](90.45%)combination were the popular superior type in 2016,and about 11.79%couldn't be typed. Norovirus accounted for 92.65% of the calicivirus viruses,and GⅡ accounted for 98.41%. About 81.79%of the children(193 cases)hospitalized for viral diarrhea were less than 24 months old. Pathogens were different at different peak age. The peak season of onset was fromJanuary to March and December. The main clinical manifestations were diarrhea,vomiting and fever. CONCLUSION: It is essential to determine the unknown pathogens and improve the pathogenic spectrum in children with viral diarrhea. Viral diarrhea is often accompanied by extraintestinal clinical manifestations.
2.Efficacy and Mechanism of Qingre Lishi Prescription in Treating Children with Acute Bacterial Lower Urinary Tract Infection of Bladder Damp-heat Syndrome
Xin-yao ZHANG ; Jian LIU ; Ning JI ; Jin-hua FENG ; Wan-qi WANG ; Kai JIANG
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2021;27(10):51-57
Objective:To observe the efficacy of Qingre Lishi prescription in treating children with acute bacterial lower urinary tract infection of bladder damp-heat syndrome, and to explore its mechanism of action. Method:Eighty children with acute bacterial lower urinary tract infection of late bladder damp-heat syndrome who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine were divided into control group and observation group, 40 cases in each group. Patients in control group were given Bazhengsan for oral treatment on basis of basic treatment, while patients in observation group were given Qingre Lishi prescription for oral administration plus external washing treatment. After two weeks of treatment, the clinical and etiological effect, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores, antipyretic time and urinary negative time, adverse reactions, and urine pathogens (
3.Optimization of Integrated Processing Technology for “Precise Decoction Pieces ”of Helianthus annuus by Grey Correlation Analysis
Jishuang LIU ; Lianzheng DUAN ; Wenhui XU ; Lijing CHANG ; Rouqi JIANG ; Xiyan GONG ; Xin CHEN ; Zhidong QIU
China Pharmacy 2019;30(24):3413-3418
OBJECTIVE: To optimize the integrated processing technology for “precise decoction pieces” of Helianthus annuus. METHODS: The contents of total flavonoids and total protein in H. annuus were determined by UV spectrophotometry with rutin and bovine serum albumin as control. Refering to Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the contents of water soluble extract, dilute ethanol extracts and ethyl acetate extract were determined. Based on the different needs such as maintaining quality consistency with the original medicinal materials, preference for anti-gout treatment, preference for liver calming and pain relief, using the contents of total flavonoids, total protein and 3 kinds of polar extract as indexes, gray correlation method was used to optimize the integrated processing technology of 3 kinds of “precise decoction pieces” of H. annuus. RESULTS: Gray correlation analysis showed that the ideal sample sequence of decoction pieces in massive shape dried at 60 ℃ with the original medicinal materials and decoction pieces with preference use of liver calming and pain relief was the most relevant; the ideal sample sequence of ideal sample sequence of decoction pieces in massive shape dried in the shade with decoction pieces with clinical application preference of anti-gout therapy was the most relevant. CONCLUSIONS: Different integrated processing technology for “precise decoction pieces” of H. annuus can be adopted for different needs. If it is necessary to keep the quality consistent with the original medicinal materials or to prepare H. annuus decoction pieces for liver calming and pain relieving, medicinal material can be cut into massive shape and dried at 60 ℃; if it is necessary to prepare H. annuus decoction pieces for anti-gout treatment, cutting into massive shape and drying in the shade can be adopted.
4.Correlation Study of the Contents of Gentiopicrin and Loganic Acid with Appearance Traits of Gentiana scabra and Its Quality Gradation Criterion
Zhan LIU ; Xiaolin HOU ; Ying SU ; Xiaoyan WU ; Jin SUN ; Yuxin JIANG ; Lili WENG
China Pharmacy 2019;30(16):2237-2242
OBJECTIVE: To establish the method for the content determination of gentiopicrin and loganic acid in Gentiana scabra, and to investigate the correlation of their contents with appearance traits and quality gradation criterion. METHODS: HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Ascentis Express C18 column with mobile phase consisted of 0.1% phosphoric acid-acetonitrile (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃, and detection wavelength was set at 240 nm. The sample size was 1 μL. Taking the length, number and diameter of fibrous roots as indexes, the appearance and morphological characteristics of G. scabra were studied. The relationship of gentiopicrin and loganic acid content with the appearance property of medicinal material was analyzed by SPSS 21.0 software. k-mean clustering analysis was carried out by using SPSS 21.0 software, and gradation standard for G. scabra was established preliminarily. RESULTS: The linear range of gentiopicrin and loganic acid were 0.5-3.0 μg/mL (r=0.999 9) and 0.05-0.50 μg/mL (r=0.999 9). The limit of quantification of gentiopicrin and loganic acid were 0.295, 0.289 μg/mL; the detection limit were 0.082, 0.081 μg/mL; RSDs of precision, stability, repeatability tests were all lower than 2%; the recovery rates were 97.56%- 102.23% (RSD=1.56%, n=6) and 97.58%-102.67% (RSD=1.86%, n=6). Correlation results showed that there was a significant positive correlation of the length of G. scabra, the number of roots, root diameter, with the contents of gentiopicrin and loganic acid. The order of affecting content was the number of roots >length >root diameter. k-means clustering analysis showed that 54 batches of G. scabra was divided into two categories; S4-S6,S13,S17-S23,S25,S28,S31-S34 were clustered into a category; S1-S3, S7-S12, S14-S16, S24, S26,S27,S29, S30,S35-S54 were clustered into the other category. The results of gradation showed that 54 batches of G. scabra could be divided into two grades, and the results were consistent with the cluster analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Established method is simple and stable, and can be used for simultaneous determination of gentiopicrin and loganic acid in G. scabra. The more fibrous roots, the longer the length, the thicker the root, the higher the content of gentiopicroside and loganic acid, the better the quality of G. scabra.
5.Effect of Different Compatibility Ratio of Gardenia jasminoides to Fermented Soybean on the Content of Flavo- noids in Zhizichi Decoction
Hanyang LI ; Zhidong QIU ; Wenlong SU ; Wenzheng CAO ; Xintong LI ; Changpeng JIANG ; Hongmei GAO
China Pharmacy 2020;31(9):1103-1107
OBJECTIVE:To investigate t he effects of different compatibility ratio of Gardenia jasminoides to fermented soybean on the content of genistein and total flavonoids ,and to investigate the compatibility regularity of Zhizichi decoction. METHODS:The decoction method was used to prepare the mixed decoction with different compatibility ratio of G. jasminoides to fermented soybean (2∶1,1∶1,1∶2,1∶4,m/m,the same hereinafter ). UPLC-MS/MS method was used to determine the content of genistein in Zhizichi decoction with different compatibility ratio and corresponding fermented soybean single decoction. UV method was used to determine the content of total flavonoids in Zhizichi decoction with different compatibility ratio and corresponding gardenia single decoction and fermented soybean single decoction. RESULTS :The established method had good linearity , precision,repeatability,stability and accuracy. Compared with single decoction ,the content of genistein in the mixed decoction with different compatibility ratio of G. jasminoides to fermented soybean (2∶1,1∶1,1∶2,1∶4)was decreased to different extents , while the content of total flavonoids was increased to different extents. With the increase of fermented soybean ,the content of genistein in the decoction increased at first and then decreased. When the compatibility ratios of G. jasminoides to fermented soybean were 1 ∶ 1 and 1 ∶ 2,the content of genistein in the decoction was the highest (all 0.071 μg/mL). With the increase of fermented soybean ,the content of total flavonoids in the decoction did not change regularly ;when the ratio of G. jasminoides to fermented soybean was 1 ∶ 1,the content of total flavonoids in the decoction was the highest (1.861 μg/mL). CONCLUSIONS : When the compatibility ratio of G. jasminoides to fermented soybean was 1 ∶ 1,the content of flavonoids in the decoction is the highest.
6.Optimization of processing technology of Portulaca oleracea charcoal and its improvement effect on the symptom of hemorrhoid model rats
Bingran WANG ; Jing CHEN ; Xintong LI ; Changpeng JIANG ; Miao ZHANG ; Qifeng MA ; Hongmei GAO
China Pharmacy 2022;33(5):592-596
OBJECTIVE To optimize th e p rocessing technology of Portulaca oleracea charcoal,and to investigate its improvement effect on the symptom of hemorrhoid model rats. METHODS The effects of roasting temperature ,dosage and roasting time on the processing technology of P. oleracea charcoal were investigated with Box-Behnken response surface methodology using comprehensive score of tannin content ,water-soluble extract content and appearance properties as the index. The optimal process parameters are selected and verified. The hemorrhoid model rats were treated with P. oleracea charcoal(0.8 g/mL)prepared by the optimal processing technology ,once a day ,for 11 days. After last medication ,the perianal pathological score of hemorrhoid model rats were performed ;serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),interleukin 6(IL-6)and IL- 1β were detected. RESULTS The optimal processing technology of P. oleracea charcoal included roasting temperature of 200 ℃, dosage of 150 g and roasting time of 14 min. Results of validation test showed that the comprehensive score of P. oleracea charcoal was 92.57,and relative error of it with predicted value (96.59)was -4.13%. External use of P. oleracea charcoal 0.8 g/mL prepared by the optimal processing technology could significantly promote the wound healing of hemorrhoid model rats ,reduced the amount of exudate ,and decreased the levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-β in serum. CONCLUSIONS The optimized processing technology of P. oleracea charcoal is feasible. P. oleracea charcoal prepared by the optimized processing technology has good curative effect on the symptom of hemorrhoid model rats.
7.Quality Analysis of Atractylodes chinensis with Different Growth Years by HPLC-QAMS Combined with Color Difference Principle
Jin SUN ; Lili WENG ; Chunping XIAO ; Yuxin JIANG ; Ying SU ; Zhan LIU ; Xiaoyan WU
China Pharmacy 2020;31(11):1314-1319
OBJECTIVE:To simultaneo usly determine the contents of atractylenolide Ⅱ ,β-eudesmol,atractyloxin and atractylone in Atractylodes chinensis ,and to evaluate the quality of A. chinensis with different growth years combined with color difference principle. METHODS :HPLC method was adopted. The determination performed on Agilent Eclipse XDB-C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.2% phosphoric acid (gradient elution )at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min;the detection wavelengths were set as 208 nm(atractylenolide Ⅱ,β-eudesmol),340 nm(atractyloxin)and 220 nm(atractylone);the sample size was 15 μ L. Using atractyloxin as reference,QAMS was adopted to establish relative correction factors (RCFs) of atractylenolideⅡ,β-eudesmol and atractylone ;the content of each component in A. chinensis with different growth years were calculated. The contents of above 4 components were determined by external standard method and then compared with the results of QAMS. The color difference values of A. chinensis powder were measured based on color difference principle. The correlation analysis of above 4 components content with color was carried out by Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS :The separation degree of atractylenolide Ⅱ,β-eudesmol,atractyloxin and atractylone in A. chinensis was higher than 1.5. The linear range were 1.01-10.10,3.30-33.00,4.40-44.00,5.34-53.40 μg/mL,respectively. RSDs of precision ,reproducibility and stability tests were all lower than 2%,while the average recovery rates were 101.34%-104.67%(RSD<1.5%,n=6). Using atractyloxin as reference , RCFs of atractylenolide Ⅱ,β-eudesmol and atractylone were 3.896 7,5.928 2,9.727 9,with RSD of 0.35%,2.89%,0.36% (n=6),respectively. Relative deviation of 3 components (except for atractyloxin ) in 24 batches of A. chinensis ranged 0.03%-1.45% between QAMS and external standard method ,which indicated that the results of two methods were consistent ,and the content of each component increased with the increase of growth years. Atractylenolide Ⅱ,β-eudesmol,atractyloxin and atractylone in A. chinensis had significant negative correlation with its color shade (L*),total color difference (E*ab)(P<0.01), and significant positive correlation with color red-green direction (a*), color yellow-blue direction (b*)(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:The established HPLC-QAMS method can be used for the determination of atractylenolide Ⅱ,β-eudesmol, atractyloxin and atractylone in A. chinensis . The longer the growth period is ,the higher each component content is. The color of A. chinensis is closely related to the content of each component ,and the content of effective components is higher in A. chinensis with dark yellowish brown color.
8.On origin of Oviductus Ranae in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2010;35(21):2931-2933
OBJECTIVETo discuss the problem about the origin of Oviduetus Ranae in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia according to historical documents, the researches reported recently and the author research.
METHODThrough comprehensive analysis of the documents and materials reported, the original animal sources of Oviduetus Ranae was discussed in terms of historical records, morphology, karyotype, Ag-Belt and isoenzyme electrophoresis, gene levels and so on.
RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe original animal sources of Oviduetus Ranae is Rana dybowskii,its order element is an effective species in China. In order to avoid the problem of species confusion about the origin of Oviduetus Ranae, author suggests that R. dybowskii should be the original animal of Oviduetus Ranae.
Animals ; China ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Ranidae ; classification ; genetics
9.Effect of Buyang Huanwutang on Skeletal Muscle Injuries in Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Yang WANG ; Lijuan JIANG ; Wei CUI ; Wenfeng ZHANG ; Yan WEI
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2024;30(14):10-16
ObjectiveTo study the effects of Buyang Huanwutang on the skeletal muscle injuries in type 2 diabetes mellitus from mitochondrial transport, glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation. MethodA total of 60 SPF-grade male C57BL/6J mice were selected in this study. The mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus was established with a high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The mice were assigned by the random number table method into blank control, model, high-, medium-, and low-dose (86.5, 43.2, 21.6 g·kg-1, respectively) Buyang Huanwutang, and metformin (150 mg·kg-1) groups, 10 mice in each group. During the experiment period, blood glucose and other indicators of mice were measured regularly. At the end of the experiment, skeletal muscle samples were collected and frozen in 4% paraformaldehyde and -80 ℃, respectively. Blood samples were sent for examination. The skeletal muscle was stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The levels of inflammation indicators and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of mitochondrial proteins was determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. ResultCompared with the blank control group, the model group showcased increased fasting blood glucose, water intake, and food intake (P<0.01) and decreased body weight (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, metformin and Buyang Huanwutang reduced the fasting blood glucose, water intake, and food intake (P<0.05, P<0.01) and increased the body weight (P<0.01). Compared with the blank control group, the model group showed rising levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and ROS (P<0.01), which were decreased by metformin and Buyang Huanwutang (P<0.05, P<0.01). The skeletal muscle fibers in the model group were generally atrophic and thin, which suggested atrophy and morphological changes of the skeletal muscle, while metformin and Buyang Huanwutang alleviated the pathological changes of the skeletal muscle and restored the morphology of fiber bundles. Compared with the blank control group, the modeling down-regulated the expression of the mitofusin2 (Mfn2) (P<0.01), which was up-regulated by metformin and Buyang Huanwutang (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the blank control group, the modeling up-regulated the expression of the dynamin-related protein (Drp1) (P<0.01), which were down-regulated by metformin and Buyang Huanwutang (P<0.01). ConclusionBuyang Huanwutang can improve the body weight and attenuate the pathological changes of the skeletal muscle, reduce fasting blood glucose, food intake, and water intake, lower the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and ROS, down-regulate the expression of Drp1, and up-regulate the expression of Mfn2 in the mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
10.Effect of Modified Shenhong Tongluo Prescription on Cell Apoptosis in Rats with Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury by Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase-3 Signaling Pathway
Yingrong LAI ; Qianlin ZHAO ; Lihong JIANG
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2024;30(11):104-110
ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of modified Shenhong Tongluo prescription on cell apoptosis in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). MethodSixty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, low-, medium-, and high-dose groups of modified Shenhong Tongluo prescription, and a simvastatin group. Except for the blank group, a rat model of MIRI was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Starting from the first day after successful modeling, the blank group (1.0 mL·kg-1 physiological saline), model group (1.0 mL·kg-1 physiological saline), low-, medium-, and high-dose groups of modified Shenhong Tongluo prescription (1.031, 2.063, and 4.126 g·kg-1 Shenhong Tongluo prescriptiona standard concentrate), and simvastatin group (0.71 mg·kg-1 simvastatin) were orally administered once daily for 2 weeks. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of cardiomyocytes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of serum creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL) staining was used to detect the apoptosis rate of rat cardiomyocytes. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and caspase-3. ResultCompared with the blank group, in the model group, HE staining showed disturbed arrangement of cardiomyocytes, incomplete fibers, focal necrosis of cardiomyocytes, and inflammatory cell infiltration; serum CK-MB, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were significantly increased (P<0.05); apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes was significantly increased (P<0.01), with significantly increased expression levels of Bax and Caspase-3 proteins, and significantly decreased Bcl-2 expression (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the low-, medium-, and high-dose groups of modified Shenhong Tongluo prescription significantly reduced CK-MB, IL-6, and TNF-α levels (P<0.05), significantly downregulated cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate (P<0.05), significantly decreased Bax and Caspase-3 proteins, and significantly increased Bcl-2 expression levels (P<0.01). In the modified Shenhong Tongluo prescription groups, the expression levels of Bax and Caspase-3 proteins significantly decreased with increasing dosage, while the expression level of Bcl-2 significantly increased with increasing dosage of modified Shenhong Tongluo prescription (P<0.05). ConclusionShenhong Tongluo prescription can alleviate myocardial tissue pathological damage and reduce myocardial cell apoptosis, possibly by inhibiting Caspase-3 and Bax expression and promoting Bcl-2 expression.