Objective:To observe the efficacy of Qingre Lishi prescription in treating children with acute bacterial lower urinary tract infection of bladder damp-heat syndrome， and to explore its mechanism of action. Method:Eighty children with acute bacterial lower urinary tract infection of late bladder damp-heat syndrome who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine were divided into control group and observation group， 40 cases in each group. Patients in control group were given Bazhengsan for oral treatment on basis of basic treatment， while patients in observation group were given Qingre Lishi prescription for oral administration plus external washing treatment. After two weeks of treatment， the clinical and etiological effect， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome scores， antipyretic time and urinary negative time， adverse reactions， and urine pathogens （Escherichia coli， Enterococcus faecalis， Strange proteus， Klebsiella pneumoniae）， serum inflammatory factor indicators ［tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-8 （IL-8）， calcium lowering PCT， white blood cell count （WBC） and serum C-reactive protein （CRP）］， immune function indicators ［T cell subsets （CD3⁺， CD4⁺， CD8⁺） and complement （C3， C4）］ were comapred between two groups. Result:The clinical efficacy of observation group was 92.50% （37/40）， which was significantly higher than 65.00% （26/40） in control group （χ²=9.038， P<0.01）， the etiological efficacy of observation group was 87.50% （35/40）， which was significantly higher than 60.00% （24/40） in control group （χ²=7.813， P<0.01）. After treatment， the scores of TCM syndromes of the two groups were significantly reduced （P<0.05）. The scores of fever， frequent urination， urgent urination， painful urination， difficulty urinating and abdominal pain in two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment （P<0.05）， and the TCM syndrome scores in observation group were lower than those in control group （P<0.05）， the antipyretic time and urinary bacteria turning negative time of observation group were significantly lower than those in control group （P<0.05）， the Escherichia coli， Enterococcus faecalis， Proteus mirabilis， Klebsiella pneumoniae pathogenic bacteria detected in both groups were both significantly lower than those before treatment （P<0.05）. After treatment， the levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α， IL-6， IL-8， PCT， WBC and CRP in two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment （P<0.05）， the immune function of the two groups was significantly improved， and the levels of CD3⁺， CD4⁺， C3， and C4 in observation group were higher than those in control group（P<0.05）， and the CD8⁺ level was lower than that in control group （P<0.05）. The incidence of adverse reactions had no significant difference between two groups. Conclusion:Qingre Lishi prescription has good clinical effect in treating children with acute bacterial lower urinary tract infection with bladder damp-heat syndrome. It can improve TCM syndromes and clinical symptoms. Its mechanism is related to inhibiting pathogenic bacteria， reducing inflammation， and improving immune function， and it has good security.

Objective: On the basis of traditional experience identification,and appearance characteristics and intrinsic index components of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma pieces,a comprehensive evaluation was carried out to explore the method of grading Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma pieces and establish grading standards. Method: Based on the investigation of 44 batches of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma pieces,including their properties,glycyrrhizin content and ammonium glycyrrhizinate content,Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma pieces were classified according to the market grading to establish the grading standards. Result: Based on the above data,the Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma pieces were classified into four grades. First-class:average diameter>1.66 mm,average weight>0.54 g,glycyrrhizin content>1.10%,glycyrrhizic acid content>2.12%. Second-class:the average diameter is between 1.40-1.66 mm,the average weight is between 0.42-0.54 g,the content of glycyrrhizin is between 0.74%-1.10%,and the content of glycyrrhizic acid is between 1.95%-2.12%. Third-class:the average diameter is between 1.07-1.40 mm,the average weight is between 0.29-0.42 g,the content of glycyrrhizin is between 0.65%-0.74%,and the content of glycyrrhizic acid is between 1.88%-1.95%. Substandard:the average diameter<1.07 mm,average weight<0.29 g,content of glycyrrhizin<0.65%,content of glycyrrhizic acid<1.88%. Conclusion: This experiment combines the traditional experience and modern analysis method,in order to develop a scientific,reasonable and accurate classification method.

Objective:To analize the selection rules of acupoints treating diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D).Methods:To earch for the clinical research literatures on acupuncture treating IBS-D from the database of China National Knowledge Resource Database (CNKI), Chinese science and technology journal database (Chongqing VIP) and Chinese academic journal database (Wanfang Data) by December 31, 2019. The acupuncture prescriptions of IBS-D were selected and statistically analyzed, and a database was established. IBM SPSS 25.0 and clintine 12.0 were used to cluster and correlate the acupuncture point prescriptions.Results:A total of 190 literatures and 215 acupuncture prescriptions were included, including 75 acupoints, among which the most commonly used acupoints were Tianshu, Zusanli, Shangjuxu, Taichong, Guanyuan, Zhongwan, Sanyinjiao, Dachangshu, Shenque, Pishu. The most frequently used Meridian is Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming, St; The acupoints are mainly located in the lower limbs and the abdomen and Thorax; the most commonly used specific acupointis He-sea point; Zusanli and Tianshu both play an important role in treating IBS-D. Conclusion:Treating IBS-D with acupuncture and moxibustion follow the principles of choosing acupoints mainly according to Meridians, while selecting the acupoints with syndrome differentiation as the assistance, and also use the specific acupoints.to treat IBS-D.

Objective:To explore the correlation between the characters and chemical constituents of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma through the analysis of characters and main chemical constituents of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,and establish the grade evaluation criteria of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, so as to provide reference for the quality evaluation and quality control of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Method:Correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were carried out for appearance and intrinsic indexes of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Result:Class Ⅰ of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma:the diameter of big end was more than 1.60 cm,middle circumference was more than 3.76 cm,inner core chromaticity b^* was more than13.88,outer skin chromaticity a^* was more than 37.61,glycyrrhizin content was more than 1.13%,with no worm,rot and impurity. Class Ⅱ of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma:the diameter of big end was 1.39-1.60 cm,the middle circumference was 3.09-3.76 cm,the inner core chromaticity b^* was 10.22-13.88,the skin chromaticity a^* was 35.57-37.61,glycyrrhizin content was 0.69%-1.13%,with no worm,rot and impurity. Class Ⅲ of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma:the diameter of the big end was 1.08-1.39 cm,the middle circumference was 2.41-3.09 cm,the inner core chromaticity b^* was 5.16-10.22,the skin chromaticity a^* was 29.19-35.57,glycyrrhizin content was 0.55%-0.69%,with no worm and rot. Substandard Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma:the diameter of the big end was lower than 1.08 cm,the central circumference was lower than 2.41 cm,the inner core color b^* was lower than 5.16,the outer skin color a^* was lower than 29.19, and glycyrrhizin content was lower than 0.55%. Conclusion:The grade evaluation standards established in this paper include appearance and intrinsic indexes, with scientific,comprehensive and practical characteristics. It can be used for the grade evaluation of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma medicinal materials.

Objective:Through the analysis of the characteristics and main chemical components of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,the correlation between the characteristics and components of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma was explored,and a new evaluation standard of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma grade was established to provide a more comprehensive and scientific basis for the quality evaluation of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma. Method:The appearance characteristics of 48 batches of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma samples were quantitatively measured. The contents of 9 kinds of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma were determined. The results of correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to classify ginseng medicinal materials according to the analysis results,and the grade evaluation criteria were constructed. Result:First-class ginseng medicinal materials:diameter of main root>1.72 cm,length of reed head>2.61 cm,weight of single branch>14.15 g,content of ginsenoside Rb₁>0.612 1%,content of ginsenoside Re>0.385 8%,content of ginsenoside Rg₁>0.320 8%,no scar,impurities,moth,mildew. Second-class ginseng medicinal materials:the diameter of main root is 1.55-1.72 cm,the length of reed head is 1.74-2.61 cm,the weight of single branch is 10.24-14.15 g,the content of ginsenoside Rb₁ is 0.496 8%-0.612 1%,the content of ginsenoside Re is 0.323 3%-0.385 8%,the content of ginsenoside Rg₁ is 0.263 6%-0.320 8%,and there are no scars,impurities,worms and mildew. Third-class ginseng medicinal materials:main root diameter 1.29-1.55 cm,reed head length 1.34-1.74 cm,single branch weight 6.90-10.24 g,ginsenoside Rb₁ content 0.389 5%-0.496 8%,ginsenoside Re content 0.235 2%-0.323 3%,ginsenoside Rg₁ content 0.217 1%-0.263 6%,no impurities,worms,mildew. Fourth-class ginseng medicinal materials:diameter of main root<1.29 cm,length of reed head<1.34 cm,weight of single branch<6.90 g,content of ginsenoside Rb₁<0.389 5%,the content of ginsenoside Re<0.235 2%,content of ginsenoside Rg₁<0.217 1%,without impurities,worms and mildew. Conclusion:The appearance indexes of ginseng medicinal materials were divided according to the standards of taproot diameter,reed head length and single ginseng weight,and the content of ginsenoside Rg₁,Re,Rb₁ was used as the internal quality evaluation index. Ginseng commercial specifications were divided into four grades,which integrated the appearance and internal indicators,and had more scientific and comprehensive characteristics,which could be used as the basis for the classification of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma medicinal materials.

Objective To analyze the clinical characters in old patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods The clinical data of 426 patients undergoing CABG from January 2000 to April 2009 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. One hundred eighteen patients were 70-82 years old (older group), 308 patients were 24-69 years old (younger group). The perioperative risk factors, surgical complication and outcomes between the two groups were compared.Results The older group had higher incidences of post-operative complications than younger group.Pre-operative risk factors included the female, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, peripheral vessel disease, New york heart association(NYHA) class Ⅳ, unstable angina requiring intravenous nitrates until arrival in the anaesthetic room, left ventricular ejection fraction ＜30%. The older group showed higher incidences of postoperative severe complication, operative mortality, and more grafts and longer time in intensive care unit (ICU), and had lower incidents of valve disease and less use of left internal mammary artery [16 patients (13. 6%) vs. 152 patients (49.4%), all P＜0. 05].Conclusions The many CABG risk factors in China are different from those in the western countries.Although the higher incidents of postoperative severe complication and higher operative mortality are found in the older patients, the recovery period after operation isn't obviously prolonged. The operative outcomes are satisfactory.

Objective To explore the expressions and correlation of RWD containing sumoylation enhancer (RSUME),small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO-1),hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)in gliomas of different pathologic grade.Methods We investigated the expression levels of RSUME mRNA,HIF-1α mRNA and VEGF mRNA with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),and investigated the immunohistochemical staining to determine the expressions of SUMO-1,HIF-1α and VEGF in 63 cases of human gliomas of different pathologic grade and 9 cases of normal brain tissues.We studied its correlation with the pathologic grade and the relationship between the expression of RSUME promoter sumoylation and HIF-1α/VEGF pathway in gliomas.Results There were significant differences (P <0.01)in the expressions of RSUME mRNA,HIF-1αmRNA and VEGF mRNA in glioma tissues.With the increasing degree of pathologic grade in tumor specimens,the expression levels of RSUME mRNA,HIF-1α mRNA and VEGF mRNA increased markedly (P <0.01 ).There was a positive correlation of the expression levels of RSUME mRNA with HIF-1αmRNA and VEGF mRNA.There were significant differences (P <0.01 )in the expressions of SUMO-1,HIF-1αand VEGF in glioma tissues by immunohistochemical staining.With the ascending of pathologic grade of tumor specimens,the expression levels of SUMO-1,HIF-1α and VEGF increased markedly (P < 0.01 ).There was a positive correlation between the expression level of SUMO-1 and HIF-1α(r =0.857,P <0.01).The Kaplan-Meier analysis and Log-rank test showed significant differences in progress free survival (PFS)between the RSUME high-expression and low-expression groups (χ2 =36.032,P <0.01).Conclusion RSUME may enhance HIF-1α/VEGF pathway through sumoylation in gliomas.It implicates that RSUME is related to angiogenesis in gliomas and can promote tumor invasion and progression,indicating that RSUME can be a novel target in gliomas treatment.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of CYP450 enzyme inhibition of berberine in pooled human liver microsomes by cocktail probe drugs.

METHODCocktail probe drugs method has been established, an LC-MS/MS analytical method has been established to determine the five probes of midazolam, phenacetin, dextromethorphan, tolbutamide, chlorzoxazone and the internal standard was benzhydramine to evaluate the effect of CYP450 activity following administration of berberine in pooled human liver microsomes.

RESULTCompared with control group, the pharmacokinetics of midazolam, phenacetin and tolbutamide were no significant differences, but the pharmacokinetics of chlorzoxazone was significantly decreased. There were no significant differences for the pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan when the concentration of berberine was 50 microg x L(-1). The pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan was significantly decreased when the concentration of berberine was exceed 200 microg x L(-1).

CONCLUSIONBerberine has no influence on the activities of CYP3A4, CYP1A2 and CYP2C19 below 2 000 microg x L(-1), but can inhibit the activity of CYP2E1 and CYP2D6 in concentration-dependent.

Berberine ; pharmacology ; Chlorzoxazone ; pharmacokinetics ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors ; Dextromethorphan ; pharmacokinetics ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Microsomes, Liver ; enzymology ; Midazolam ; pharmacokinetics ; Phenacetin ; pharmacokinetics ; Tolbutamide ; pharmacokinetics

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the first and second assay kits currently used in blood centers for screening HCV infected blood, and to provide basis for a better match of the two assay kits.

METHODSUsing the newly developed multi-recombinant-HCV-antigen supplementary assay kit, the authors evaluated concurrently the specificity and sensitivity of two domestic and one imported anti-HCV detection kits.

RESULTSDiscrepancy in specificity and sensitivity existed among the two domestic HCV kits, and overall quality was slightly below that of leading or main stream imported HCV kit.

CONCLUSIONThe newly developed multi-recombinant-HCV-antigen supplementary assay kit is useful in the evaluation of HCV antibody detection kit currently in use. It provides qualified assessing kit to capture antibodies against various HCV antigens. The present paper provided guidance for selecting a better match of the two screening kits and improved screening efficiency.

Blood Donors ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; immunology ; Hepatitis C Antibodies ; blood ; immunology ; Hepatitis C Antigens ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; standards ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of cluster acupuncture at scalp points in treating limb spasm after stroke on the basis of conventional exercise therapy. METHODS: A total of 72 patients with limb spasm after stroke were randomly divided into an observation group (36 cases, 5 cases dropped off) and a control group (36 cases, 6 cases dropped off). The control group was treated with exercise therapy. In the observation group, on the basis of the control group, penetrating technique of acupuncture was exerted at Qianding (GV 21) to Baihui (GV 20), Xinhui (GV 22) to Qianding (GV 21), etc. once a day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, the changes of the modified Ashworth scale (MAS), simplified Fugl-Meyer motor assessment (FMA), and modified Barthel index (MBI) scores of the two groups were compared. RESULTS: After treatment, the MAS scores of upper and lower limbs in the two groups were lower than before treatment (P<0.05), and those in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of FMA and BMI in the two groups were higher than before treatment (P<0.05), and the score of MBI in the observation group was higher than the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION On the basis of conventional exercise therapy, cluster acupuncture at scalp points can reduce the spasm, improve motor function and activities of daily living in patients with limb spasm after stroke.
Activities of Daily Living ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Exercise Therapy ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Scalp ; Spasm ; Stroke/therapy* ; Stroke Rehabilitation ; Treatment Outcome