1.Effects of Jiaweisinisan on gastric mucosal ultrastructure and brain-gut axis in a rat model of chronic psychological stress.
Huichen XIE ; Fen LIU ; Qiang YANG ; Changchu XIONG
Journal of Southern Medical University 2013;33(1):103-107
OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Jiaweisinisan (JWSNS), a traditional Chinese herbal medicinal recipe, on gastric mucosal ultrastructure and brain-gut axis in rat models of chronic psychological stress and elucidate the mechanism of JWSNS for ameliorating stress-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction.
METHODSSixty rats were randomly assigned into normal control group, model group, 3 JWSNS groups (high, moderate, and small doses), and omeprazole group (n=10). Rat models of chronic psychological stress were established by random stressful stimulations, and following the corresponding interventions, plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol (CORT) levels were detected using radioimmunoassay, and the mRNA expressions of gastrin receptor in the gastric tissue (GASR) and vasoactive intestinal peptide II receptor (VIPR2) in the jejunal tissue were examined using RT-PCR. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to examine the ultrastructural changes in the gastric mucosa tissue cells of the glandular stomach area and alterations in the intercellular junctions.
RESULTSElectron microscopy revealed obvious damages in gastric mucosal epithelial cell organelles and nuclei in the model rats. These damages were ameliorated after treatments with JWSNS and omeprazole. Compared with the model group, the 3 JWSNS groups and omeprazole group all showed significantly lowered plasma ACTH and CORT levels, increased gastrin receptor mRNA expression and decreased jejunal VIPR2 mRNA expression (P<0.05 or 0.01).
CONCLUSIONJWSNS can obviously ameliorate the pathologies of the gastric mucosa cells, regulate the state of brain-gut axis, and modulate the gastric gastrin receptor and jejunal VIPR2 mRNA expressions in rats with chronic psychological stress.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; blood ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; blood ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Gastric Mucosa ; metabolism ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Hydrocortisone ; blood ; Jejunum ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Bombesin ; metabolism ; Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II ; metabolism ; Stress, Psychological ; pathology
2.A multicenter epidemiological study of acute bacterial meningitis in children.
Cai Yun WANG ; Hong Mei XU ; Jiao TIAN ; Si Qi HONG ; Gang LIU ; Si Xuan WANG ; Feng GAO ; Jing LIU ; Fu Rong LIU ; Hui YU ; Xia WU ; Bi Quan CHEN ; Fang Fang SHEN ; Guo ZHENG ; Jie YU ; Min SHU ; Lu LIU ; Li Jun DU ; Pei LI ; Zhi Wei XU ; Meng Quan ZHU ; Li Su HUANG ; He Yu HUANG ; Hai Bo LI ; Yuan Yuan HUANG ; Dong WANG ; Fang WU ; Song Ting BAI ; Jing Jing TANG ; Qing Wen SHAN ; Lian Cheng LAN ; Chun Hui ZHU ; Yan XIONG ; Jian Mei TIAN ; Jia Hui WU ; Jian Hua HAO ; Hui Ya ZHAO ; Ai Wei LIN ; Shuang Shuang SONG ; Dao Jiong LIN ; Qiong Hua ZHOU ; Yu Ping GUO ; Jin Zhun WU ; Xiao Qing YANG ; Xin Hua ZHANG ; Ying GUO ; Qing CAO ; Li Juan LUO ; Zhong Bin TAO ; Wen Kai YANG ; Yong Kang ZHOU ; Yuan CHEN ; Li Jie FENG ; Guo Long ZHU ; Yan Hong ZHANG ; Ping XUE ; Xiao Qin LI ; Zheng Zhen TANG ; De Hui ZHANG ; Xue Wen SU ; Zheng Hai QU ; Ying ZHANG ; Shi Yong ZHAO ; Zheng Hong QI ; Lin PANG ; Cai Ying WANG ; Hui Ling DENG ; Xing Lou LIU ; Ying Hu CHEN ; Sainan SHU
Chinese Journal of Pediatrics 2022;60(10):1045-1053
Objective: To analyze the clinical epidemiological characteristics including composition of pathogens , clinical characteristics, and disease prognosis acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) in Chinese children. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical and laboratory data of 1 610 children <15 years of age with ABM in 33 tertiary hospitals in China from January 2019 to December 2020. Patients were divided into different groups according to age,<28 days group, 28 days to <3 months group, 3 months to <1 year group, 1-<5 years of age group, 5-<15 years of age group; etiology confirmed group and clinically diagnosed group according to etiology diagnosis. Non-numeric variables were analyzed with the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, while non-normal distrituction numeric variables were compared with nonparametric test. Results: Among 1 610 children with ABM, 955 were male and 650 were female (5 cases were not provided with gender information), and the age of onset was 1.5 (0.5, 5.5) months. There were 588 cases age from <28 days, 462 cases age from 28 days to <3 months, 302 cases age from 3 months to <1 year of age group, 156 cases in the 1-<5 years of age and 101 cases in the 5-<15 years of age. The detection rates were 38.8% (95/245) and 31.5% (70/222) of Escherichia coli and 27.8% (68/245) and 35.1% (78/222) of Streptococcus agalactiae in infants younger than 28 days of age and 28 days to 3 months of age; the detection rates of Streptococcus pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus agalactiae were 34.3% (61/178), 14.0% (25/178) and 13.5% (24/178) in the 3 months of age to <1 year of age group; the dominant pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae and the detection rate were 67.9% (74/109) and 44.4% (16/36) in the 1-<5 years of age and 5-<15 years of age . There were 9.7% (19/195) strains of Escherichia coli producing ultra-broad-spectrum β-lactamases. The positive rates of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture and blood culture were 32.2% (515/1 598) and 25.0% (400/1 598), while 38.2% (126/330)and 25.3% (21/83) in CSF metagenomics next generation sequencing and Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen detection. There were 4.3% (32/790) cases of which CSF white blood cell counts were normal in etiology confirmed group. Among 1 610 children with ABM, main intracranial imaging complications were subdural effusion and (or) empyema in 349 cases (21.7%), hydrocephalus in 233 cases (14.5%), brain abscess in 178 cases (11.1%), and other cerebrovascular diseases, including encephalomalacia, cerebral infarction, and encephalatrophy, in 174 cases (10.8%). Among the 166 cases (10.3%) with unfavorable outcome, 32 cases (2.0%) died among whom 24 cases died before 1 year of age, and 37 cases (2.3%) had recurrence among whom 25 cases had recurrence within 3 weeks. The incidences of subdural effusion and (or) empyema, brain abscess and ependymitis in the etiology confirmed group were significantly higher than those in the clinically diagnosed group (26.2% (207/790) vs. 17.3% (142/820), 13.0% (103/790) vs. 9.1% (75/820), 4.6% (36/790) vs. 2.7% (22/820), χ2=18.71, 6.20, 4.07, all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the unfavorable outcomes, mortility, and recurrence between these 2 groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: The onset age of ABM in children is usually within 1 year of age, especially <3 months. The common pathogens in infants <3 months of age are Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae, and the dominant pathogen in infant ≥3 months is Streptococcus pneumoniae. Subdural effusion and (or) empyema and hydrocephalus are common complications. ABM should not be excluded even if CSF white blood cell counts is within normal range. Standardized bacteriological examination should be paid more attention to increase the pathogenic detection rate. Non-culture CSF detection methods may facilitate the pathogenic diagnosis.
Adolescent
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Brain Abscess
;
Child
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Child, Preschool
;
Escherichia coli
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Female
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Humans
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Hydrocephalus
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Infant
;
Infant, Newborn
;
Male
;
Meningitis, Bacterial/epidemiology*
;
Retrospective Studies
;
Streptococcus agalactiae
;
Streptococcus pneumoniae
;
Subdural Effusion
;
beta-Lactamases