Objective:To study the anti-tumor effects by vaccination of mice with murine melanoma B16 cells expressing calreticulin (CRT) and Human papillomavirus 16 E2 fusion protein.Methods:Mice were inoculated with B16 cells expressing CRT,E2,or CRT-E2 by intraperitoneal injection. The inoculation was repeated after one week. The activity of CTLs and NK cells,the proliferation of T cells and the amount of IFN-? secreted by spleen lymphocytes were analysed.Results:The activity of CTLs and NK cells,and the amount of IFN-? secreted by spleen lmyphocytes from mice vaccinated with CRT-E2 fusion protein were significantly higher than those of the other groups(P

BACKGROUND: Bracket dropping is often seen in clinic. Can these shed brackets be used again; what should be done to treat these brackets; is the bond strength of these recycled brackets different from those new ones, these questions are often concerned by orthodontists in their clinic and are the purpose of our study as well.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the shear bond strength and compare two base-cure methods of recycled brackets. DESIGN: Grouping control study. SITTING: Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University; Department of Materials, Dental School, Beijing University. MATERIALS: The teeth were collected from Oral Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University. The age was from 11 to 19 years. The gender was half male and half female. Intact enamel of the crown was required, but decayed, fracture, tetracycline pigmentation teeth or fluorosis teeth were excluded. Patients provided the confirmed consent for this experiment.METHODS: The experiment was carried out in Stomatology College of Peaking University in December 2005. Thirty ex vivo teeth were selected randomly from those prepared enamel surfaces, used as sample for rebounding. The edgewise brackets of swallow-tailed brackets were bonded on each tooth and rebonded after 24 hours. The teeth were cleaned and divided randomly into 3 groups. There were 10 teeth in each group. Group 1 was bonded with new brackets; group 2 with recycled brackets whose adhesive remnant were burned and got rid of; group 3 with recycled brackets whose adhesive remnant in the groove of the base were stored. Bracket was provided by Standard edgewise, Orsu Company, Hangzhou, China. After 24 hours, the shear bond strength was tested with material testing machine (Autogragh, Shimadzu, Japan). Adhesive remnant index (ARI) was added up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Shear strength of old metal bracket after rebonding and adhesive remnant.RESULTS: ① Shear bond strength: The shear bond strengths were (10.094±3.158 9) in group 1, (10.266±2.406 0) in group 2 and (8.898±1.365 9) in group 3. There were no statistically significant differences among the three groups (P > 0.05). ② ARI scores: ARI scores were 51.7%, 58.3% and 35.0% in the three groups, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between group 2 and 3. CONCLUSION: In vitro study indicates that the recycled metal brackets can reach good bond strength and that maybe there is chemical bond between new and old adhesive.

Objective To investigate the effect of orthodontic tooth extraction and non-extraction on dental arch width and esthetical smile. Methods 100 patients treated without extraction and 100 patients treated by 4 first-premolars extraction were selected. The study models of the patients were measured before and after the treatment and compared statistically. Measurements were made in the maxillary and mandibular canine regions from the most labial aspect of the buccal axial surfaces of the canine roots. Results Before treatment, maxillary and mandibular arch widths were the same between both groups (P＞0.05). In non-extraction group, mandibular arch width of posttreatment was 0.88 mm larger than that of pretreatment (P＜0.001), and maxillary arch width of posttreatment was 0.84 mm large (P＜0.001). In extraction group, mandibular arch width of posttreatment was 1.64 mm larger than that of pretreatment (P＜0.001), and maxillary arch width of posttreatment was 1.50 mm large (P＜0.001). After treatment, the width of mandibular arch in the extraction group was 0.59 mm larger than that in the non-extraction group (P>0.05), while the width of maxillary arch in the extraction group was 0.10 mm less (P>0.05).Conclusion Both extraction treatment and non-extraction treatment do not result in narrower dental arch, but wider. The view that orthodontic extraction results in narrower arch widths and unaesthetic smiling is untenable.

AIM: To detect the expression of the Calreticulin and HPV E2 Fusion Protein in B16, and study the effects on proliferation and apoptosis of B16 cell lines in vivo. METHODS: To construct eukaryotic fluoresce expression vector pEGFP-CRT-E2, pEGFP-CRT and pEGFP-E2. Then the recombinant plasmids were transfected into B16 cells by Lipofectamine 2000. The expression of proteins was detected by Western blot. The location of different GFP fusion proteins in B16 was tested by inverted fluoresce microscope. Flow cytometry was applied to detect the effects of fusion proteins on the growing of B16 and then the apoptosis effects of B16 induced by different proteins were observed. RESULTS: The correctly constructed recombinant plasmid pEGFP-CRT-E2 and the expression of CRT-E2 gene could be detected in B16 cells. Apoptosis of B16 cells could be detected after the transient transfection. Meanwhile, the apoptosis rate of B16 cells transfected by pEGFP-CRT-E2 was much higher than that of control cells. And cell cycle G1/G0 arrest was also found (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The eukaryotic expression plasmid pEGFP-CRT-E2 is successfully constructed and it could correctly express the fusion protein in B16 cells. And the B16 cells transfected by plasmid pEGFP-CRT-E2 could induce apoptosis.

Objective: To investigate the localization of HBXIP protein over-expression in gastric adenocarcinoma, and its prognostic significance. Methods: HBXIP localization was detected by immunofluorescence in AGS gastric cancer cell line, and by immunohistochemical staining in 97 gastric adenocarcinomas, 41 adjacent non-tumor tissues and 13 gastric adenoma tissues. Correlation between HBXIP expression and clinicopathological features of gastric cancer patients was evaluated by Chi-square and Fisher′s exact tests. Overall survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method. Results: HBXIP was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of gastric cancer. The positive and strongly positive expression rates of HBXIP protein in gastric cancers were 68.0% (66/97) and 49.5% (48/97) respectively, and were significantly higher than those in adjacent non-tumor tissues(48.8%, 20/41; 36.6%, 15/41) or gastric adenomas(2/13, 1/13; all P<0.05). HBXIP expression correlated significantly with tumor differentiation and lymph node status (P=0.007; 0.041). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the overall survival rate was significantly lower in gastric cancer patients with high HBXIP expression (P=0.015). Conclusions HBXIP expression in gastric cancer is mainly expressed in cytoplasmic, and the expression level is closely related to the prognosis. HBXIP expression status may potentially be used as an important prognostic indicator for gastric cancer.

Objective To investigate the cell membrane-penetrating capacity of human cell-penetrating peptide hPP10 carrying human antioxidant protein Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase(Cu,Zn-SOD)and assess the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of these fusion proteins.Methods The fusion protein hPP10-Cu,Zn-SOD was obtained by genetic engineering and identified by Western blotting.The membrane-penetrating ability of the fusion protein was evaluated by immunofluorescence assay,fluorescence colocalization assay and Western blotting,its SOD enzyme activity was detected using a commercial kit,and its effect on cell viability was assessed with MTT assay.In a HEK293 cell model of H2O2-induced oxidative stress,the effect of hPP10-Cu,Zn-SOD on cell apoptosis was analyzed with flow cytometry and RT-qPCR,and its antioxidant effect was assessed using reactive oxygen species(ROS)assay;its anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated in mouse model of TPA-induced ear inflammation by detecting expression of the inflammatory factors using RT-qPCR,Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.Results The fusion protein hPP10-Cu,Zn-SOD was successfully obtained.Immunofluorescence assay confirmed obvious membrane penetration of this fusion protein in HEK293 cells,localized both in the cell membrane and the cell nuclei after cell entry.hPP10-Cu,Zn-SOD at the concentration of 5 μmol/L exhibited strong antioxidant activity with minimal impact on cell viability at the concentration up to 10 μmol/L.The fusion protein obviously inhibited apoptosis and decreased intracellular ROS level in the oxidative stress cell model and significantly reduced mRNA and protein expression of the inflammatory factors in the mouse model of ear inflammation.Conclusion The fusion protein hPP10-Cu,Zn-SOD capable of penetrating the cell membrane possesses strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities with only minimal cytotoxicity,demonstrating the value of hPP10 as an efficient drug delivery vector and the potential of hPP10-Cu,Zn-SOD in the development of skincare products

Objective To investigate the cell membrane-penetrating capacity of human cell-penetrating peptide hPP10 carrying human antioxidant protein Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase(Cu,Zn-SOD)and assess the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of these fusion proteins.Methods The fusion protein hPP10-Cu,Zn-SOD was obtained by genetic engineering and identified by Western blotting.The membrane-penetrating ability of the fusion protein was evaluated by immunofluorescence assay,fluorescence colocalization assay and Western blotting,its SOD enzyme activity was detected using a commercial kit,and its effect on cell viability was assessed with MTT assay.In a HEK293 cell model of H2O2-induced oxidative stress,the effect of hPP10-Cu,Zn-SOD on cell apoptosis was analyzed with flow cytometry and RT-qPCR,and its antioxidant effect was assessed using reactive oxygen species(ROS)assay;its anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated in mouse model of TPA-induced ear inflammation by detecting expression of the inflammatory factors using RT-qPCR,Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.Results The fusion protein hPP10-Cu,Zn-SOD was successfully obtained.Immunofluorescence assay confirmed obvious membrane penetration of this fusion protein in HEK293 cells,localized both in the cell membrane and the cell nuclei after cell entry.hPP10-Cu,Zn-SOD at the concentration of 5 μmol/L exhibited strong antioxidant activity with minimal impact on cell viability at the concentration up to 10 μmol/L.The fusion protein obviously inhibited apoptosis and decreased intracellular ROS level in the oxidative stress cell model and significantly reduced mRNA and protein expression of the inflammatory factors in the mouse model of ear inflammation.Conclusion The fusion protein hPP10-Cu,Zn-SOD capable of penetrating the cell membrane possesses strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities with only minimal cytotoxicity,demonstrating the value of hPP10 as an efficient drug delivery vector and the potential of hPP10-Cu,Zn-SOD in the development of skincare products

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome(RCVS)is a clinical condition characterized by reversible segmental and multifocal vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries,making early diagnosis challenging.This paper presents two case reports of RCVS triggered by different causes and explores the clinical manifestations and imaging changes of the syndrome,aiming to assist clinicians in the early identification and management of RCVS.

As a large category of natural products widely present in traditional Chinese medicine, iridoid glycosides have multiple pharmacological activities. Recent researches suggest that iridoid glycosides mainly exist in the forms of original form, aglycone and a series of their Ⅰ and Ⅱ metabolites under the biotransformation effect, and their metabolites have been proved to have multiple pharmacological activities. The research progress on metabolism and metabolite activities of several iridoid glycosides would be reviewed in this article, to provide a theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of iridoid compounds and their metabolites.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Iridoid Glycosides ; metabolism ; pharmacology