1.Seeing Is Believing: Illuminating the Source of In Vivo Interleukin-7.
Grace Yoonhee KIM ; Changwan HONG ; Jung Hyun PARK
Immune Network 2011;11(1):1-10
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is an essential cytokine for T cells. However, IL-7 is not produced by T cells themselves such that T cells are dependent on extrinsic IL-7. In fact, in the absence of IL-7, T cell development in the thymus as well as survival of naive T cells in the periphery is severely impaired. Furthermore, modulating IL-7 availability in vivo either by genetic means or other experimental approaches determines the size, composition and function of the T cell pool. Consequently, understanding IL-7 expression is critical for understanding T cell immunity. Until most recently, however, the spatiotemporal expression of in vivo IL-7 has remained obscured. Shortage of such information was partly due to scarce expression of IL-7 itself but mainly due to the lack of adequate reagents to monitor IL-7 expression in vivo. This situation dramatically changed with a recent rush of four independent studies that describe the generation and characterization of IL-7 reporter mice, all utilizing bacterial artificial chromosome transgene technology. The emerging consensus of these studies confirmed thymic stromal cells as the major producers of IL-7 but also identified IL-7 reporter activities in various peripheral tissues including skin, intestine and lymph nodes. Strikingly, developmental and environmental cues actively modulated IL-7 reporter activities in vivo suggesting that IL-7 regulation might be a new mechanism of shaping T cell development and homeostasis. Collectively, the availability of these new tools opens up new venues to assess unanswered questions in IL-7 biology in T cells and beyond.
Animals
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Biology
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Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial
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Consensus
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Cues
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Homeostasis
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Indicators and Reagents
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Interleukin-7
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Intestines
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Lymph Nodes
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Mice
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Organothiophosphorus Compounds
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Skin
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Stromal Cells
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T-Lymphocytes
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Thymus Gland
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Transgenes
2.Aquatic Exercise at Thermoneutral Water Temperature Enhances Antitumor Immune Responses
Boae LEE ; Geona KIM ; Yuna JO ; Byunghyuk LEE ; Yong Il SHIN ; Changwan HONG
Immune Network 2019;19(2):e10-
Despite the broad rehabilitative potential of aquatic exercises, the relationship between aquatic exercise and the immune system has not been fully elucidated to date. In particular, there are few specific and delicate immunological approaches to the effect of water temperature on immunity. Thus, we examined the effect of water temperature on immunity during aquatic exercise. The animal tumor model was adopted to examine the impact of aquatic exercise at thermoneutral temperature (TT; 29°C) on immunity compared with aquatic exercise at body temperature (BT; 36°C). Tumor-bearing mice were made to swim in TT water or in BT water for 3 wk and immune cells and their functional activity were analyzed using FACS. Tumor growth was significantly suppressed in mice that exercised in TT than in BT water. The tumor control correlated with the increased number of NK (2-fold), γδT cells (2.5-fold), NKT (2.5-fold), and cytotoxic CD8⁺ T cells (1.6-fold), which play a critical role in anti-tumor immune responses. Furthermore, the functional activity was dramatically improved in the TT group, showing enhanced production of IFNγ in CD8⁺ T cells compared with the BT group. This study demonstrates that aquatic exercise in TT water may improve protective immune responses more effectively than in BT water. Although the effects of water temperature on immune function need further verification in humans, this study suggests that water temperature in human hydrotherapy may be important for improving immune function.
Animals
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Body Temperature
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Exercise
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Humans
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Hydrotherapy
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Immune System
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Interferons
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Mice
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T-Lymphocytes
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Water
3.Anti-tumor immunostimulatory effect of heat-killed tumor cells.
Taek Joon YOON ; Ji Yeon KIM ; Hyojeong KIM ; Changwan HONG ; Hyunji LEE ; Chang Kwon LEE ; Kwang Ho LEE ; Seokmann HONG ; Se Ho PARK
Experimental & Molecular Medicine 2008;40(1):130-144
As a part of our ongoing search for a safe and efficient anti-tumor vaccine, we attempted to determine whether the molecular nature of certain tumor antigens would influence immune responses against tumor cells. As compared with freeze-thawed or formaldehyde-fixed tumor antigens, heat-denatured tumor antigens elicited profound anti-tumor immune responses and greatly inhibited the growth of live tumor cells. The heat-denatured tumor antigens induced a substantial increase in the anti-tumor CTL response in the absence of any adjuvant material. This response appears to be initiated by strong activation of the antigen-presenting cells, which may recognize heat-denatured protein antigens. Upon recognition of the heat-denatured tumor antigens, macrophages and dendritic cells were found to acutely upregulate the expression of co-stimulatory molecules such as B7.2, as well as the secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12 and TNF-alpha. The results of this study indicate that heat-denatured tumor extracts might elicit protective anti-tumor adaptive immune responses and also raise the possibility that a safe and efficient adjuvant-free tumor vaccine might be developed in conjunction with a dendritic cell-based tumor vaccine.
Adjuvants, Immunologic
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Animals
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Antibodies, Neoplasm/immunology
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Antibody Specificity/immunology
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Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
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Cancer Vaccines/*immunology
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Cell Line, Tumor
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Cell Proliferation
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Cytokines/biosynthesis
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Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
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Dendritic Cells/immunology
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*Hot Temperature
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Immunity, Cellular/immunology
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Immunization
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Immunologic Memory/immunology
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Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
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Mice
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Mice, Inbred BALB C
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Mice, Inbred C57BL
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Neoplasms/*immunology/*pathology
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Survival Analysis
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T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
4.Pneumomediastinum and Subcutaneous Emphysema after Dental Treatment.
Yong Hoon CHA ; Bum Joon KIM ; ChangWan KIM ; Kyoung Shik NARM ; Doo Yun LEE ; Seok Jin HAAM
The Korean Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2010;43(6):797-799
The pneumomediastinum after a dental treatment occurs rarely and shows almost good prognosis, however it is potentially life-threatening complication. Here we report a case of pneumomediastinum, occurred by air bubbles originated from dental high speed equipment, via head and neck fascial space with literatures review.
Dental High-Speed Equipment
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Head
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Mediastinal Diseases
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Mediastinal Emphysema
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Neck
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Prognosis
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Subcutaneous Emphysema
5.The Impact of Alternating Dissection in Conjunction with Reciprocal Peer Teaching on Practical Exam Scores in a Medical Anatomy Course.
Yun Hak KIM ; Changwan HONG ; Sae Ock OH ; Sik YOON ; Min Jeong KIM ; Sungil JU ; So Jung YUNE ; Sunyong BAEK
Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology 2018;31(3):83-89
The reformation of medical curriculum induced the reduction of anatomy course schedule especially in contact hours in anatomy laboratory. It has led to the use of more efficient teaching approaches in anatomy laboratory. The purpose of this work provide a detailed analysis of alternating dissections with reciprocal peer teaching in anatomy laboratory. Students were assigned alphabetically, in teams of eight or nine, to each dissecting table. The team was subdivided into two groups, A and B, each group dissected every other session. Students excused from dissection spent their time with team-based learning and self-directed learning. Dissected peer-teaching groups presented structures from the dissection to groups absent during dissection. Practical exam scores of the alternating dissection indicated no significant difference with those of classical dissection of previous year. Subgroup analysis of practical exam scores in alternating dissection was also no significant difference between group A and B. Assessment of question types showed that correction rates of questions in the dissected region was significantly higher on dissection group assignment. There were 9 questions (out of 86) in which there was a significant difference in correction rates between A and B groups. In conclusion, the laboratory paradigm of alternating dissection with reciprocal peer teaching demonstrated an effective method of learning gross anatomy laboratory for first year medical students.
Appointments and Schedules
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Curriculum
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Humans
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Learning
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Methods
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Students, Medical