Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; complications ; prevention & control ; surgery ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; complications ; prevention & control ; surgery ; Humans

Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hemophilia A ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Rituximab

Objective To analyze the risk factors of failure of internal fixation of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures treated with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) in elderly patients,and to provide reference for clinical treatment.Methods Collected the clinical data of 251 aged and unstable femoral intertrochanteric fracture patients who have recieved PFNA treatment from January 2012 to December 2016.Preoperative clinical general data and intraoperative clinical factors were used as analysis variable to analyze the high risk factors and risk factors of internal fixation failure in PFNA treatment by χ2 test ,Wilcoxon rank sum test and Logistic regression.Results Through the analysis of 78 aged patients with internal fixation failure after PFNA treatment,the χ2 test and Wilcoxon rank sum test showed that,type of fractures,osteoporosis Singh index grade, tip-apex distance,application of hormone,basic diseases were risk factors for internal fixation failure after PFNA treatment (P<0.05).Among thses factors,type of fractures,osteoporosis Singh index grade, tip-apex distance were independent high risk factors for internal fixation failure after PFNA treatment(P<0.05).Conclusion Severe type of fractures (type Ⅲ and Ⅳ),osteoporosis of grade 4 to 6,and tip-apex distance greater than 25 mm are high risk factors of failure of internal fixation of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures treated with PFNA,and it is better to give more attention and effective intervention or other treatment.

Objective To systematically assess the diagnostic performance of CTA for lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) using a Meta analysis method. Methods Studies were located through electronic searching of the PubMed, EBSCO, Springer, Ovid, CNKI, Cochrane library (from the date of establishment of the databases to October 2009 ). Bibliographies of the retrieved articles were also checked. All the studies concerning the diagnosis of PAD using CTA had been searched and reviewed, and the studies with the DSA as the gold standard were adopted as eligible. Subsequently, the characteristics of the included articles were appraised and extracted. Data on accuracy of included studies were extracted for further heterogeneity exploring, statistical pooling and SROC ( summary receiver operating characteristics)analyzing using the Meta Disc 1.4 software. Results Totally 24 studies met the inclusion criteria with a total of 1096 patients. The heterogeneity was found in these studies. The pooled accuracy indicators like sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were 0.95 ( 95% CI:0.94-0.95 ), 0.96 ( 95% CI:0.95-0.96), and 471.13 (95% CI:242. 92-913.71 ), respectively. The area under of SROC curve was 0.9888 and the Q index was 0.9555. Subgroup analysis demonstrated significant difference on diagnostic performance for various CT slices (P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion CTA can be regarded as an effective and feasible method for PAD diagnosis and screening, based on the results of this systematic review. However,more rigorous evaluations of CTA in patients with critical limb ischemia are needed.

Background and purpose: Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) is a kind of protein kinases regulating the cell cycle progression, which has been reported to be overexpressed in endometrial carcinoma tissues. But the role of CDK4 in endometrial carcinogenesis and relative mechanisms has not been identiifed yet. In this study, we used a small interfering RNA targeting CDK4, and explored the effects of CDK4 on endometrial cancer cells HEC-1B biological function and relative mechanisms.Methods:The chemically synthesized small interfering RNA targeting CDK4 (si-CDK4) was transiently transfected into HEC-1B cells;the quantitative real time-PCR assays and Western blot assays were performed to explore the mRNA and protein expression levels of CDK4 and its downstream genes, Rb and p-Rb, in HEC-1B cells upon transfection;Moreover, the CCK-8, lfow cytometry (FCM) and invasion assays were performed to indentify the effects of si-CDK4 on the proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and invasion abilities of HEC-1B cells, respectively. Results:The results showed that the mRNA and protein expressions of CDK4 were suppressed in HEC-1B cells upon transfection with si-CDK4 (P<0.01);Suppression of CDK4 inhibited cell proliferation and invasion of HEC-1B cells;the number of cells migrating through the transwell membrane in si-CDK4 group was 117±21, which was much fewer than the cells in si-control (269±39) and untreated groups (262±35) (P<0.01);the early apoptosis rate of cells treated with si-CDK4 [(21.7±3.5)%] was much higher than the untreated [(12.4±2.1)%] and si-control groups [(11.8±1.9)%] (P<0.01);moreover, suppression of CDK4 increased cells in G1 phase (P<0.01) and correspondingly decreased cells in S phase (P<0.01);further Western blot results showed that suppression of CDK4 down-regulated the expression of p-Rb in cells, but did not inlfuence the expression of total Rb. Conclusion:CDK4-siRNA speciifcally and efifciently blocks the constitutively activated CDK4 in human endometrial cancer cells HEC-1B, resulting in tumor suppression.

Objective To investigate the effects of ketamine on the expression of NMDA receptor-1(NRⅠ)in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia and the possible mechanism of the neuroprotection.Methods Forty healthy male SD rats weighing 250-290g were randomly divided into 2 group(n=20 each):groupⅠketamine and groupⅡpentobarbital.The aminals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal ketamine 60 mg?kg~(-1) in groupⅠor pentobarbital 40 mg?kg~(-1) in groupⅡ.Focal cerebral ischemia was produced by permanent middle cerebral artery occludion(MCAO).The animals were killed at 24 h and 72 h of MCAO and their brains removed for determination of infarct size,the number of living neurons in the penumbra and the expression of NRⅠprotein(immuno- histochemistry).Results The infarct size was significantly smaller;the number of living neurons in penumbra significantly larger and NRⅠexpression significantly down-regulated in ketamine group than in pentobarbital group.Conclusion Ketamine can protect the brain against ischemia through downregulation of NMDA receptor-1.

Objective To discuss teaching methods of TCM lectures for students of Western medicine in colleges and universities.Methods Totally 36 studens majoring in Western medicine from Capital Medical University were involved in the study. The first questionnaire survey showed the interest of those students. According to the students' response, the topics for the lectures were determined. The purpose for the second questionnaire was to investigate the teaching outcomes. Results The recovery rate for the first questionnaire was 100%, and the effective rate was also 100%. Students showed interest in the course of Introduction of TCM Health Maintenance, with few different ideas. The recovery rate for the second questionnaire was 88.89%, and the effective rate was also 88.89%. Students were relatively satisfied with lecture teaching, with few different ideas.Conclusion Lecture teaching can promote students' interest and teaching quality.

BACKGROUND:Cholesterol is closely linked to the occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis. Current approaches to study celular cholesterol dynamics have their own limitations.
OBJECTIVE: To measure the cholesterol efflux rate of RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages by BODIPY-Cholesterol labeling and to explore the effects of extracelular cholesterol and lipopolysaccharide on the cholesterol efflux rate.
METHODS:RAW 264.7 cels were cultured in vitro with DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum, and labeled with BODIPY-Cholesterol for 1, 2, 4, 8 hours. Then, the cels were rinsed with serum-free DMEM and inoculated for 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 hours to optimize the labeling time and incubation time. We measured and compared the cholesterol efflux rates after cultured cels were treated with cholesterol, lipopolysaccharide, human sera with high cholesterol or human sera with normal cholesterol.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The best labeling time for BODIPY-Cholesterol was 2-8 hours. Cholesterol efflux rates were gradualy decreased after the cels that were labeled for 2 hours were incubated with increasing concentrations of cholesterol (0.1, 0.5, 2.5 mmol/L,P< 0.01). Treating cels with lipopolysaccharide also decreased the cholesterol efflux rate (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the cholesterol efflux rate was decreased after cels were treated with human sera with high cholesterol (P< 0.05). These findings indicate that BODIPY-Cholesterol can be used to measure celular cholesterol efflux rate and to study the effects of extracelular cholesterol and lipopolysaccharide on the cholesterol efflux rate.

Objective To explore a better method to diagnose the brachial plexus injury as pre-or post-ganglionic,which is quick,simple,quantitative,cheap and accurate.Methods Forty-five SD rats were divided randomly ino pre-or post-ganglionic brachial plexus injury models group,and the choline acetyl- transferase(CHAT)activity was detected by using the radioisotope after different days.Results The ChAT activity of two groups both fall day by day:in the pre-agnglionic group,it falls quickly,and reach 1/10 of nor- mal(675?258)cpm;in the post-ganglionic group,it falls slowly,and reach 1/2 of normal even after 90 days (4906?1119)cpm.Conclusion Intra-operative measure of ChAT can be used to differentiate pre-or post- ganglionic brachial plexus injury.

AIM: To evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of thickness profile measurement of intra-retinal layers determined by an automated algorithm applied to OCT images from Cirrus optical coherence tomography (OCT) instrument.METHODS: In this prospective cross-sectional study,retinal thickness images at 6mm×6mm around fovea were obtained from 86 eyes of 43 normal subjects with Cirrus HD-OCT instrument.The retinal images from patients were analysis by Cirrus automated algorithm GCA software,including ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer(GCIPL).During this study,operator A would make 2 times measurements to all patients,after that operator B would make another 2 times measurements by Repeat scan model.All the data,including GCL average thickness,min thickness,12 clock average thickness,2 clock average thickness,4 clock average thickness,6 clock average thickness,8 clock average thickness and 10 clock average thickness were measured by SPSS 15.0 software.Standard deviation (SD),coefficient of variation (CV) and interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated from the results of three-times tests by different examiner to evaluate the repeatability and from the results of two different examiners to assess the reproducibility.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to any medical procedure.RESULTS: The average GCIPL thickness of OD was 85.12±3.95μm;the minimum average GCIPL thickness was 83.21±4.41μm;the standard deviation of OD in clock map was from 3.79μm to 4.84μm;CV(95%CI) was between 0.26 and 0.93;ICC was from 0.939 to 0.989.The average GCL+IPL thickness of OS was 84.65±8.73μm;the minimum average GCPL thickness was 81±13.08μm;the standard deviation of OS in clock map was from 8.24μm to 10.56μm;CV(95%CI) was between 0.92 and 4.94;ICC was from 0.264 to 0.968.CONCLUSION: Cirrus HD-OCT GCA software with automated algorithm can offer accurate and repeatable thickness profile of OCT retinal image.GCA is a useful and reliable approach to the measurement of intra-retinal layer thickness,which may improve the diagnosis and monitoring of retinal diseases.