Retinopathy of prematurity( ROP),a leading cause of childhood visual impairment,is a vascular proliferative retinopathy in premature infants. Although the hallmark of ROP is abnormal retinal vasculature, a growing body of research in animals and observations in patients support a critical role for the neural retina in the ROP disease process. ROP can affect the foundation of the retina and optical nerve during the development duration in childhood, presenting with abnormalities in electroretinogram and multifocal electroretinogram. In addition,it was found that ROP has different degrees of influence on the development of the dioptric system ,which will result in refractive error as the child progress to adulthood. The relationship of the electrophysiology features or refractive abnormality and ROP was summarized in this article.

Objective To detect the quantity of Th17 cells and expressions of related cytokines including interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-22, in peripheral blood and skin lesions of patients with psoriasis vulgaris, and to analyze their correlation with disease severity and clinical course. Methods Peripheral blood was obtained from 44 patients with progressive psoriasis vulgaris and 28 normal human controls. Three-color flow cytometry was carried out to detect the quantity of Th17 cells, and ELISA to examine the levels of serum IL-17 and -22.Skin samples were obtained from 20 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 8 normal human controls, and a quantum dot-based double labled immumofluorescence method was used to determine the quantity of Th17 cells.Results The percentage of peripheral blood Th17 cells was higher in patients with psoriasis vulgaris than in normal human controls (4.71% ± 2.55% vs. 0.55% ± 0.39%, P ＜ 0.01 ). Elevated expressions of IL-17 and IL-22 were noted in the patients compared with the normal human controls (24.02 ± 12.31 ng/L vs. 7.16 ±4.04 ng/L, P ＜ 0.05; 18.32 ± 8.14 ng/L vs. 6.52 ± 4.15 ng/L, P ＜ 0.01 ). The percentage of peripheral blood Th17 cells and serum levels of IL-17 and IL-22 were positively correlated with psoriasis area and severity index (r= 0.53, 0.47, 0.53, respectively, all P ＜ 0.01 ), but unrelated to the clinical course of psoriasis (r = 0.09,0.03, 0.19, respectively, all P ＞ 0.05). There was an infiltrate of Th17 cells in psoriatic lesions, which was mainly distributed around the blood vessels in superficial dermis, whereas there were only a small number of CD4+ T cells in the normal control skin with the absence of Th17 cells. Conclusions Th17 cells are involved in the development of psoriasis, and Th17 cell-secreted cytokines, such as IL-17 and IL-22, may serve as a new therapeutic target for psoriasis.

The progress of modality therapy has improved both survival rate and quality of life of retinoblastoma(RB) patients.However,some problems are still left and unsolved.Parts of the RB relapse after they are treated for the first time.Even more remarkable,the related individuals to the RB patients run a risk of RB.Gene diagnosis and treatment are emerging and appear to solve these problems.Some researches in developed countries and Hong Kong have successfully made progress in gene diagnosis of RB.However,the detection rate of Rb1 gene mutation is very low.Researches documented for many years that gene diagnosis for RB is extremely complex,so we should go further to achieve a goal of gene diagnosis.Gene diagnosis of RB is still an initiation in China.We should strengthen relevant study and spread this technique.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of anatomic M-mode echocardiography (AMM)for pristine diagnosis of myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary heart diseases (CAD).Methods 44 inner patients who were suspected as CAD were detected.Ordinary ultrasound was performed first.The ventricular segmental wall thickness and amplitude were measured by AMM.Then,we got the ventricular wall thickening fractions.All subjects should take the coronary angiography after the ultrasound examination in 1 -3 days.Patients with the vascular stenosis rate≥50% were defined as the CAD group,patients with the completely normal angiographic results were included in the normal control group according to the results of angiography.The parametric differences between the patients and the normal control subjects were compared.Results In the normal control subjects,the ventricular segmental wall amplitude >5mm accounted for 78.67%,the ventricular wall thickening fractions >30% accounted for 99.13%.But in CAD group,the ventricular segmental wall amplitude <4mm accounted for 61.14%,<5mm accounted for 93.47%,the abnormal ventricular wall thickening fractions <30% accounted for 88.43%.The sensitivity, specificity,accuracy of AMM were 77.47%,90.00%,77.39% respectively.Conclusion The ventricular wall thickening fractions of AMMhas quite significant correlation with morbid blood vessel in patients with CAD,they are effective reference indicators to evaluate the left ventricular wall motion quantitatively.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of oral cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) on lymphangiogenesis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

METHODSCAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs) were obtained from the tissues of patients with OSCC who did not receive radio-chemotherapy before operation. And the CAFs and NFs were isolated by method of tissue block and identified by immunohistochemical staining. The effects of CAFs (group A) and NFs (group B) to human lymphatic endothelial cells (HLEC) were detected by using a 24-multiwell transwell cell culture chamber. DMEM sugar medium was as blank control group. The number of proliferative, migratory, invasive and tubes of HLEC were counted under inverted phase contrast microscope.

RESULTSThe proliferative number of HLEC of group A for 96, 144, 196 h was significantly higher than that of group B and blank control group, group B higher than blank control group (P<0.01). The migratory and invasive number of HLEC of group A for 96 h was significantly higher than that of group B and blank control group, group B higher than blank control group (P<0.01). The number of tube formation of HLEC of group A for 24 h was significantly higher than that of group B and blank control group, group B higher than blank control group (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONCAFs promote HLEC's proliferation, migration, invasion, tube formation, and these effects are stronger than NFs.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Endothelial Cells ; Fibroblasts ; physiology ; Humans ; Mouth Neoplasms ; pathology

Objective To determine the normal range of minimal erythema dose (MED) of normal skin to ultraviolet A (UVA) and B (UVB). Methods The definition of MED is the dose of UVA required to induce a just perceptible erythema on an individual′s skin 24 hours after irradiation. One hundred and eighteen subjects including healthy volunteers and patients with noninflammatory skin disorders were enrolled and studied with SUV1000 type UV simulator in March 2002. Results The average MED value for UVA was 55 J/cm2 (range: 18 - 95 J/cm2) in the males, and 40 J/cm2 (range: 15 - 100 J/cm2) in the females. The average MED value for UVB was 31 mJ/cm2 (range: 12 - 95 mJ/cm2) in the males and 29 mJ/cm2 (range: 8 - 95 mJ/cm2) in the females. The MED value for UVA in the males was significantly higher than that in the females (P 0.05). The MED values for UVA as well as UVB in skin type Ⅲ were significantly lower than those in skin type Ⅳ (UVA-MED: P

Objective To investigate the effect of homeopathic reduction technique in treatment of irreducible variant femoral neck fractures.Methods A retrospective case control study was performed for 91 cases of irreducible variant femoral neck fractures surgically treated from January 2011 to January 2014.Forty-seven cases [31 males,16 females;23-61 years,mean 40.6 years] were assigned to homeopathic reduction treatment (study group) and 44 [30 males,14 females;28-63 years,mean 43.1 years] were assigned to closed reduction and open reduction (control group).All fractures were Garden type Ⅳ.All cases were stabilized with three cannulated screws (6.5 mm in diameter).Operation time,intraoperative blood loss,Garden index for reduction quality,bone healing,complications like femoral head necrosis and Harris hip score were evaluated.Results Operation time and blood loss in study group [(41.2 ± 7.5) min,(37.3 ± 9.5) ml] were significantly lower than those in control group [(105.0 ± 15.7) min,(269.6 ± 50.6) ml] (P ＜ 0.05).Garden index was Grade Ⅰ 44 cases and Grade Ⅱ three in study group compared to Grade Ⅰ 20 and Grade Ⅱ three in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Incidence of femoral head necrosis had no significant differences between study group (four cases) and control group (10 cases) (P ＞ 0.05).Nonunion was not observed in study group,while there were eight cases of nonunion in control group (P ＜ 0.05).According to the Harris score,the excellent rate in study group was 91％ (39 excellent,four good,four fair) versus 66％ (21 excellent,eight good,15 fair) in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared to closed reduction and open reduction,homeopathic reduction technique in treatment of femoral neck fractures is associated with shortened operation time,reduced blood loss,improved reduction quality and lowered incidence of necrosis and nonunion.

Objective To investigate the effect of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on endothelial function in diabetics with coronary heart disease. Methods A total of 73 consecutive diabetics with coronary heart disease who were not receiving statins were randomized to receive atorvastatin 20 mg/d or rosuvastatin 10 mg/d. The levels of lipids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP), monoxide nitrogen(NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothclium-dependent relaxing function(EDF) were assessed before and after 3 months of the treatment. Results The treatment with statins significantly improved endothelial function in diabetics with coronary heart disease. For both rosuvastatin group and atorvastatin group in pro-treatment versus post-treatment, EDF was higher[(5.2±2.4)% vs. (7.9±3.1)%, P=0.008; (5.0±2.8)% vs. (7.6±3.6)%, P=0.024, respectively], NO was also higher((46.6±14.5) μmmol/L vs. (73.3±18.5) μmmol/L; (51.7±14.0) μmmol/L vs. (79.8±16.0) μmmol/L,both P<0.001], ET-1 was lower[(108.2±29.6) pg/L vs. (77.5±26.4) pg/L, P =0.005;(117.1±34.5) pg/L vs. (80.7±28.2) pg/L, P= 0.003, respectively],and hs-CRP was lower[3.17(1.33～6.32) mg/Lvs. 1.39(0.81～2.58) mg/L, P=0.006; 3.43(1.51～7.02) mg/L vs. 1.63(0.69～3.11) mg/L, P = 0.001, respectively]. There were no differences in these between rosuvastatin group and atorvastatin group. Significant negative correlation existed between EDF and hs-CRP. Conclusions A 3 months treatment with either atorvastatin 20 mg/d or rosuvastatin 10 mg/d is effective in improving endothelial function in diabetics with coronary heart disease.

Objective To analyze and evaluate neoadjuvant chemotherapy's value and significance in combining with surgical treatment for limited small cell lung cancer(LD-SCLC).Methods A total of 94 LD-SCLC patients underwent complete resections combined with chemotherapy between January 2000 and January 2011 in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital.Among these cases,initial two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapies were performed for all pathologically confirmed patients (Group A),and initial operations followed by adjuvant chemotherapy were administered to patients without pathology (Group B).The survival rate was analyzed by log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier method.Multivariate analysis of the prognostic factors was performed using Cox's regression model.Results Group A included 43 cases and Group B included 51 cases.The mean age was (56.37 ± 10.18) years.According to the 6th edition of Tumor,Node,Metastasis(TNM) classification of lung cancer,54 cases were at stage Ⅰ or Ⅱ,40 cases were at stage Ⅲ.Overall 5-year survival(5-YS) was 27％.The 5-YS for patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ was notably better than that of stage Ⅲ (34％ vs 20％,P =0.033).For patients with stage Ⅲ,the 5-YS of Group A was significantly better than that of Group B(34％ vs 12％,P =0.020),besides median overall survival for Group A and Group B were 46 and 15 months(P =0.009).Furthermore,the results of multivariate analysis showed that neoadjuvant chemotherapy,surgery and histopathology of SCLC were independent factors that strongly affected survival and prognosis.Conclusion In combined surgical treatment for LD-SCLC,neoadjuvant chemotherapy obviously improved the prognosis of patients with stage Ⅲ.Therefore,it was very important and necessary that pre-surgical neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered to resectable stage Ⅲ LD-SCLC patients.

Objective To study the role of photoallergens and contact allergens in the pathogenesis of chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD).Methods Ba sed on the standard procedures of photopatch test recommended by the British Pho todermatology Group (BPG) and the routine procedures of patch test,photopatch a nd patch tests were performed on 56 patients with CAD,42 patients with polymorp hous light eruption (PLE) and 25 patients with chronic eczema on scalp and face by standard photopatch test series recommended by the International Contact Derm atitis Research Group (ICDRG) and home-made standard series of contact allerge ns.A set of ten Philips TL20W/09N tubes was used as the source of irradiation.Results In the 56 CAD patients,the positive rates were 46.43 %,57.14 % and 32.14% for photopatch test,patch test and both tests,respectively,which appea red to be significantly higher than those in the patients with PLE.Positive pa tch reactions were found in 65% of the patients with chronic eczema,which was s imilar to that of CAD.And the frequency of the positive allergens in chronic ec zema was the same as that in CAD,in which fragrance mixture (FM) ranked the fir st,followed by balsam of Peru (BOP),cobalt chloride,nickel sulphate.In CAD,FM and BOP were the most common allergens and photoallergens,which accounted fo r 44% and 32% of the positive reactions in patch tests,15.38% and 17.95% in pho topatch tests,respectively.Conclusions Both photoallergens and contact aller gens may play important roles in the pathogenesis of CAD.Allergens positive in patch tests and photopatch tests and related compounds which can cause cross-r eactivity with the above allergens should be avoided by the patients with CAD.