Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; methods ; Humans ; Proteomics ; methods ; Urinalysis ; methods

Objective To compare the 96-week efficacy of de novo combination therapy with lamivudine ( LAM ) and adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) to that of optimization monotherapy for chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Methods A total of 155 CHB patients were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University during 2007 and 2009.All patients were randomly assigned to LAM monotherapy group ( n =53 ),ADV monotherapy group ( n =50 ) or LAM with ADV combination group ( n =52 ) according to randomized digital table.The liver and kidney functions,HBV serum markers,and HBV DNA loads were tested every 24 weeks.If patients in LAM or ADV group had poor response or virological breakthrough,they were given optimized therapy with ADV or LAM at week 24,48 or 72.One-way ANOVA (normal distribution and homoscedasticity ) and non-parametric test (non-normal distribution ) were performed to compare measurement data among groups.The impact factors of early virological response were analyzed by binary Logistic regression method.Results At week 24,the complete virological responses in LAM group,ADV group,and LAM + ADV group were 66.0％ ( 35/53 ),34.0％ ( 17/50 ) and 90.4％ ( 47/52 ),respectively (x2 =35.282,P ＜ 0.01 ) ; while,at week 96 the complete virological responses in three groups were96.2％ (51/53),86.0％ (43/50) and 100.0％ (52/52),respectively (x2 =19.115,P＞0.05).At week 96,the cumulative recover rates of ALT in LAM group,ADV group,and LAM + ADV group were 86.8％ (46/53),82.0％ (41/50)and 94.2％ (49/52),respectively (x2 =3.613,P ＞0.05);however,the ALT levels in three groups were statistically different (x2 =11.195,P ＜ 0.01 ).At week 96,the HBeAg seroconversion rates in LAM group,ADV group,and LAM + ADV group were 31.3％ ( 10/32),20.7％ ( 6/29 ) and 38.7％ ( 12/31 ),respectively (x2 =2.313,P ＞ 0.05 ).Early virological response was not found in I patient in LAM group and 19 patients in ADV group; virological breakthrough occurred in 11 patients in LAM group and 1 patient in ADV group.All patients in LAM + ADV group had early virological responses and had no virological breakthrough.Logistic regression showed that complete virological response at week 24 was correlated with the baseline HBeAg,the initial treatment and HBV DNA load.Layered evaluation showed that there were significant differences in early complete virological responses among three groups for patients with positive HBeAg,HBV DNA ＞ 6.28 × 106 copies/mL and ALT ≤5 ×ULN (x2 =7.726,10.921 and6.100,P＜0.05 or ＜0.01) ; for those with HBV DNA ＞6.28 × 106copies/mL,complete virological response was not observed in ADV group treated for 24 weeks.Conclusion LAM combined with ADV has stronger antiviral activity,lower resistance rate and can improve liver function and virological response,especially for the patients with HBeAg-positive,high HBV DNA loads and ALT ≤5 × ULN.

BACKGROUND: Ginsenoside Rb1 has been extensively used in the protection and treatment of heart, encephalon, lung, kidney and liver damage. However, its application in skin flap is rare.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of intraperitoneal injection of ginsenoside Rb1 on the survival of the dorsal random-pattern skin flap with large length-to-width ratio in rats.METHODS: Healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. A caudally based dorsal random pattern skin flap, 80 mmx20 mm (length: width = 4:1), was symmetrically made. Ginsenoside Rb1 (2 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into the experimental group rats, and the same volume of normal saline was injected into the control group. Malonyl dialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) level of the flaps were tested 1 day after operation; the amount of viable tissues of the flaps were examined by planimetry 10 days after operation. Specimens from the proximal, middle and distal flaps were harvested for HE staining to examine the microstructure.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At the first day after operation, NO level was higher in the experimental group than the control group (P< 0.01), while MDA level was lower than the control group (P< 0.01). At the 10th day after operation, the survival rate of the flap was significantly greater in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.001). Histological observation showed that compared with the control group, the edema and inflammatory cells infiltration were less, while the fiber hyperplasia and the microvascular growth were more obvious in the experimental group. Results show that intraperitoneal injection of ginsenoside Rb1 can enhance the blood supply of the flaps and improve the survival of the random-pattern skin flaps with large length-to-width ratio in rats. This may involve its effects of improving NO activity, decreasing lipid peroxidation, and promoting angiogenesis of skin flaps.

In the experiments we used T_6 medium prepared by ourselves and mixed with diferent concentrations of human serum albumin or mother's serum, from which we prepared follicular flushing medium, insemination medium and growth medium. Clomiphene citrate and HCG were used for inducing superovulation. The semen was obtained through masturbation and artificially capacitated. A mature ovum and 2-3 drops of capacitated semen were incubated together in insemination medium in the culture box containing 5% CO_2 in air atmosphere at 37℃. The ovum was aspirated and transferred into the growth medium and incubated for 16-17 hours. By this time the ovum was already fertilized with the appearance of 2 pronuclei. About 30 hrs, it normally developed into two-cell stage, 40-44 hrs, it cleavaged into 4-cell stage. After 72 hrs, the fertilized ovum grew into morula. Up to June, 1986 twentythree ova in vitro fertilized and cultured were transfered into 14 mothers, uteri at the four-cell stage. The details of fertilization and the early embryo development in vitro were described.

Objective To investigate ultrasonography imaging feature of intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL).Methods Analysing 34 cases of IVL retrospectively,which had been treated and diagnosed in the hospital from Jan,1998 to Dec,2003.Results Among 34 cases,2 cases were diagnosed as IVL,20 cases were diagnosed as uterine leiomyoma or uterine leiomyoma with degeneration and 12 cases as uterine leiomyoma with adenomyosis.Conclusions Knowledge shortage on the clinical feature of IVL causes the low rate of accurate diagnosis of IVL by ultrasonography imaging.

Huang Ti's "Nei Ching Su Wen" is the earliest classical work on medical science in ancient China. It summed up the results of observations made in long years through practice by the ancient Chinese labouring people, accumulating thereby lots of valuable knowledge and experience in different lines of medicine.Some two thousand years ago, Chinese medical scientists in the Chou and the Chin Dynasties already conceived the advanced idea of laying special emphasis on prophylactic measures, and began to adopt diet therapy as a means of medical treatment. Principles of preparing complete diet were worked out by them. And in this connection, it is mentioned in the book "Nei Ching Su Wen" that "five kinds of cereals are the means of subsistence, five kinds of cattle provide beneficial food in the form of meat, five kinds of vegetables can be used for food enrichment, and five kinds of fruits may serve as supplement." These principles point out the necessary sorts of food to constitute a complete diet and their respective positions in it. That is to say, cereals including beans and peas are the staple food and animal meat is of secondary importance, with vegetables to enrich and fruits to supplement the first two. A diet thus prepared will not only consist of all the nutritive elements needed by the human body but also represent an appropriate arrangement of the different kinds of nutrients. Such a diet is, no doubt, in accord with the dietetic theory of modern science.

By using the diagnosis related groups(DRGs) method, we analyze and compare the rationality and feasibility of outcomes and human resources distribution of clinical specialties and health care professionals.It may increase the hospital management levels and feasibility.The introduction of DRGs for the majority of hospital management may enhance the performance evaluation and human resource levels in the hospitals.

The method of preparation of a Milk Substitute, formula 5410, and its nutritive value on rats have been reported in previous communications. Further tests of its nutritive effect were made by feeding a group of 100 infants including 4 premature and 10 undernourished. Another group of 43 infants fed with human breast milk or cow's milk were observed during the same period as controls. Among the infants of the two groups there were 6 pairs of twins; one of each pair was fed with the Milk Substitute and the other with human or cow's milk. Great majority of the infants were cared by their own mothers whose cooperation had been secured, while the rest of the infants (10%) were kept in our nursery.The Milk Substitute feeding was started with infants between half and six months of age, with an average age of three months. Observations were continued until they all reached one year old. Fish liver oil and ascorbic acid were supplied to infants of both the experimental and the control groups. Vegetable soup and fruit juice were given to the infants before five months of age. Then various kinds of other foods, including rice porridge, wheat flour nudols, bread, crackers, mashed meat and vegetable and egg yolk were individually supplemented furnishing not more than 1/3 of the total caloric intake, (at the age of one year), as the family income permitted.The appetite of the experimental infants was normal. There was no digestive disturbances and abnormal frequency and appearance of the stool. The average daily caloric intake was similar to those recorded in the literature.The body weight and height of the babies in the experimental group fell well within the normal range. The average initial body weight and height of the infants in the experimental group were somewhat lower than those of the control; however, the height reached .that of the control at the age of 7 months, and the weight at about 11 months. The red blood cell counts and the hemoglobin value of the blood were normal.Values of blood alkaline phosphatase activity higher than 15 Bodansky units were shown in 20 babies of the experimental group (27%) and 8 babies of the control group (23%) at the beginning of the observation; only 4 babies in the experimental group were found abnormal high blood alkaline phosphatase value at the end. At the beginning, 3 cases of rickets and 3 cases of suspected rickets were indicated by the radiograph of the wrist bones of the babies in the experimental group, and only one suspected ricket in the control group were observed; and they all became normal at the end of the experiment. Besides, there were no other signs of any nutritional deficiency among all the infants.

Adult ; Electromyography ; Gasoline ; poisoning ; Humans ; Male ; Poisoning ; physiopathology ; psychology ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the preventive effect of spironolactone on hepatic fibrosis. Methods Ninety SD rats were randomly divided into three groups. Control group consisted of 8 rats that , fed by normal food, were injected with peanut oil subcutaneously. Model group consisted of 42 rats whose liver fibrosis was induced by compound factors. Spiro nolactone-prevention group consisted of 40 rats that were given 100 mg?kg -1 spironolactone per day, by the same methods of making models as those of the model group. At the end of weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8, 8 rats were randomly taken out of model group and spironol actone group and then were sacrificed. The expressions of TGF- ? 1 , PDGF- BB and ? -SMA in hepatic tissues were detected with immunohistochemical met hods. Results The expressions of TGF- ? 1 , PDGF-BB a nd ? -SMA in spironolactone group decreased greatly than those in model gro up ( P