Objective To explore the clinical guiding value of spiral computed tomography(SCT)with three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction(3-DCT)in percutaneous kyphoplasty(PKP).Methods 24 patients prepared to be treated with PKP were examined under 3-DCT before the treatment.Results According to the contra-indications shown by 3-DCT,11 patients' operation were cancelled;the others were treated with PKP and got good outcomes due to the accurate data provided by 3-DCT.Conclusion SCT plays an important role in PKP.

Objective The paper analyzes the operating patterns of the outpatient process and identifies the links needing reengineering so as to provide scientific basis for the optimal allocation of outpatient resources and process reengineering and prove the rationality and feasibility of using the queuing theory. Methods Using the methods of the queuing theory, the service time and the patients' arrival time at such service links as registration, billing and accounting, internal medicine, and gynecology in the outpatient department of a certain hospital were measured and the operational indexes at various links such as service intensity, average queuing length, average queuing time, average stay, probability of the service desks being idle, and the probability of the patients having to wait were calculated so as to estimate the rational number of service desks and the optimal value of the sum of the cost of waiting and the cost of service. Results Registration, billing and accounting , service intensity in internal medicine, personnel allocation, and queuing time were basically rational in the outpatient department of the hospital surveyed. One more physician should be added to the gynecology department so as to improve efficiency and reduce patients' waiting time and queuing length. There was currently a shortage of medical staff in the hospital. The cost of hospital input was moderate while the cost of waiting was on the high side. Conclusion It is rational and feasible to evaluate the efficiency of the outpatient process with the methods of the queuing theory. The method deserves to be spread.

Objective:To observe the effects of auricular point sticking on pain and anxiety during the latent period of the first stage of labor in primiparas. Methods:Primiparas meeting eligibility criteria were recruited.The participants were randomized into an auricular point group,a placebo group,and a control group.The control group received daily care.The auricular point group received 120 min of auricular point sticking therapy.The placebo group received the same auricular plasters as the auricular point group but without pressing.Participants'pain,anxiety,and uterine contractions were measured at enrollment and 30,60,and 120 min of interventions. Results:Data from 78 participants were analyzed in this study.After uterine contraction was adjusted as a covariate,there was no significant difference among groups in the baseline anxiety,baseline pain,and anxiety at 30-min intervention(P>0.05),and no significant difference between the placebo group and the control group in each indicator at each time point(P>0.05).The anxiety scores of the auricular point group at 60 min and 120 min were lower than those of the placebo group and the control group(P<0.05).The pain in the auricular point group was less than that in the placebo group and the control group at 30,60,and 120 min of interventions(P<0.05). Conclusion:Auricular point sticking therapy can relieve anxiety and pain in women during the latent period of labor.Moreover,the effect is fast-acting.It can be used as a safe and effective complementary therapy.

The molecular descriptors of impurities with known structure in cefdinir were calculated, selected and associated with the chromatographic retention behavior to establish a model. This quantitative structure retention relationships (QSRR) model for the related substances of cefdinir was established under specific chromatographic condition and verified by other impurities. 12 molecular descriptors were used to establish the QSRR model, F_AFRBWF, Blbn_J, SsCH3, SssCH2, SsNH2, SssNH, SssS, SHdCH2, EEM_AFc, EEM_AFpl, EEM_XFpl and Pi_MaxQ. The relativity between true values and predictions in QSRR of cefdinir is R2 = 0.9836 (n = 18), ΔRRT is no more than 0.154, as 10.17% in RRT. The results indicate that the QSRR model for the related substances of cefdinir can be used to evaluate the analysis methods for related substances and predict the chromatographic behavior of new impurities, which will provide a new way for the evaluation of the effectiveness for drug quality control.
Cephalosporins ; chemistry ; standards ; Chromatography ; Models, Chemical ; Quality Control ; Structure-Activity Relationship

If the presence of residual solvents in pharmaceuticals exceeds tolerance limits as suggested by safety data, they may be harmful to the human body or the environment. It is because of this that the determination of residual solvents receives a great deal of attention. This paper reviews in detail the changes in the regulations on residual solvents in pharmaceuticals in leading pharmacopoeias, and the advances in the techniques involved, especially, the recent advances in the analytical techniques are summarized. At the end, the authors introduce the prospect of the expert system for determining residual solvents in pharmaceuticals based on the studies of their research group.
Capillary Electrochromatography ; Chromatography, Gas ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Drug and Narcotic Control ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Solvents ; analysis

Objective To analyze the occurrence features of the active surveillance of adverse events following immu?nization (AEFI) in Tianjin, and evaluate the sensitivity of passive surveillance systems over the same period. Methods The layered eight vaccination clinics of four counties were selected as active surveillance points. The data of active surveillance AEFI were collected through telephone investigation in 2011-2013. The data of passive surveillance was collected through the national AEFI information management system. The descriptive methodology and chi square test were used. Results A total of 235 cases were collected through active surveillance in 2011-2013. The AEFI incidence rate was 718.70 per 100 000 doses,no difference in the incidence between three years(χ2=5.07). A total of 4164 cases were collected through passive sur?veillance. The incidence rate was 34.09 per 100 000 doses,the incidence increased year by year(χ2=572.02,P<0.05). In ac?tive surveillance cases, 95.32%was the common vaccine reaction, 3.83%was the rare vaccine reaction, no serious vaccinereaction. In passive surveillance cases, the common vaccine reaction, the rare vaccine reaction were 85.09%and 13.32%. The serious vaccine reaction was found in 44 cases. Conclusion The more slightly common vaccine reaction can be found by active surveillance. The sensitivity of Tianjin passive surveillance system is increasing year by year, which can meet the requirements for job. The classification and diagnostic criteria of the serious vaccine reaction need to be established.

Quite recently,among new emerging contaminants,pharmaceutical and personal care products(PPCPs)and their active metabolites are an emerging environmental issue,due to their presence in the aquatic environment and potential for impacts on wildlife and humans.Carbamazepine is one of the most frequently and at the relatively high concentration levels detected pharmaceuticals in surface water and even in drinking water.Moreover,this drug has displayed high chronic ecotoxicity.A strain of carbamazepine-degrading bacterium was isolated from activated sludge treating pharmaceutical wastewater in Suzhou,China.It was identified as Acinetobacter sp.HY-7,based on biochemical test,16S rRNA and gyrB gene se-quence analysis.Strain HY-7 could grow in liquid mineral salt medium with carbamazepine as sole source of carbon,nitrogen and energy.HPLC analysis revealed the carbamazepine degradation percentage by HY-7 after 10 days was 48% at pH 6.0 and 25?C.Among carbamazepine and the similar structure compounds,in-dole,catechol,naphthalene,anthracene could also be utilized by strain HY-7 for growth,which exhibited a very broad substrate profile.

Objective To study the expression and clinical significance of?-catenin and c-myc in gastric adenocarcinoma and corresponding para cancer gastric mueosa.Methods Two hundreds and ninety seven samples were collected from 102 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma,including 102 cancerous tissues and 195 para-cancerous tissues.Each sample was made into 282,156 and 156 dots tissue microarrays.Expressions of?-catenin and c-myc proteins were detected by immunohistochemical stain- ing.Results The expressions of?-catenin and c-mye were increased gradually in the process of gastric carcinogenesis.The rates of?-catenin and c myc expression were higher in carcinoma than that in intesti- nal metaplasia( P＜0.05,P＜0.001).The aberrant expression of?-catenin was closely related to the depth of invasion(P＜0.05),and the expression of c-myc was related to histological grade( P＜0.05). The aberrant expression of?-catenin was significantly correlated with the expression of c-myc in gastric adenocarcinoma(P＜0.05).Conclusions The aberrant expression of?-catenin may activate the expres sion of target gene c-myc,which plays a pivotal role in the carcinogenesis and progression of gastric adenocarcinoma.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of axillary ultrasound (AUS)in the identification of axillary nodal metastasis (ALNM).Methods Two hundred and eighty-two consecutive patients with stage Tis-T2 breast cancer were prospectively enrolled between December 2013 and September 2015.All the patients underwent AUS performed by two specified senior ultrasound doctors.Sonographic features of their axillary lymph nodes (longitudinal and transverse diameters,cortical and hilar thickness,blood flow form)were collected.These patients were divided into metastatic, suspicious and non-metastatic groups based on the ultrasound features by ultrasound doctors.The diagnostic accuracy of AUS was compared with results of pathology.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between sonographic features and ALNM.The area under the ROC curve was used to assess the accuracy of the multivariate Logistic regression model.Results The sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive value and accuracy of AUS were respectively 85.6%,87.1%,86.4%,86.3%,and 86.3% in the metastatic and non-metastatic groups.The Kappa value was 0.727(P <0.001).The ALNM burden in the non-metastatic group was significantly lower than in the metastatic group (1.2 vs 6.9,P <0.001).The false-negative results were found only in 16 cases,fourteen of whom had only 1,and two had 2 and 3 ALNM,respectively.Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that maximum cortical thickness was the most significant predictive factor of ALNM(the area under the ROC curve was 0.872).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis suggested that cortical thickness and the ratio of hilar thickness to cortical thickness were predictive factors of ALNM(P <0.05).The area under the ROC curve of the multivariate Logistic regression model was 0.879 and its sensitivity and specificity were 77.0% and 85.1%,respectively.Conclusion AUS is a valuable tool for detecting ALNM.Patients with false-negative results of AUS have a lower axillary metastatic burden.Maximum cortical thickness is the most significant predictive factor of ALNM.AUS may be a potential alternative method for sentinel lymph node biopsy as axillary lymph node staging in early-stage breast cancer patients.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequently occurring cancers. Hepadnaviral DNA integrations are considered to be essential agents which can promote the process of the hepatocarcinogenesis. More and more researches were designed to find the relationship of the two. In this study, we investigated whether HBV DNA integration occurred at sites of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), one of the most detrimental DNA damage. An 18-bp I-SceI homing endonuclease recognition site was introduced into the DNA of HepG2 cell line by stable DNA transfection, then cells were incubated in patients' serum with high HBV DNA copies and at the same time, DSBs were induced by transient expression of I-SceI after transfection of an I-SceI expression vector. By using nest PCR, the viral DNA was detected at the sites of the break. It appeared that integration occurred between part of HBV x gene and the I-SceI induced breaks. The results suggested that DSBs, as the DNA damages, may serve as potential targets for hepadnaviral DNA insertion and the integrants would lead to widespread host genome changes necessarily. It provided a new site to investigate the integration.