As an important factor ensuring the indoor thermal comfort,air relative humidity may influence the indoor air quality.Based on the impact of air humidity on acceptable indoor air quality percentage,this paper presented the impact of air humidity on chemical pollutants (formaldehyde and ozone) and biologic contaminations.The research results showed that appropriate increase of relative humidity can decrease ozone concentration in the room,contrarily,can increase formaldehyde concentration.Therefore,in the room temperature,regulating air relative humidity in an appropriate level can improve the indoor air quality and decrease the harm of pollutants to human health.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety in the treatment of acetabular fractures via anterior approaches,including ilioinguinal,stoppa,pararectus approach.Methods Systematic literature retrieval was carried out to obtain two-arm and one-arm researches on the treatment of acetabular fractures via any one of the three approaches before May 2017,from pubmed,embase,cochrane library Databases.Data extraction and quality evaluation of studies were performed by 3 investigators independently.A meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3 and Meta-Analyst beta 3.13.Results Totally 22 low to moderate quality studies,including 7 two-arm and 15 one-arm were included.There were 980 patients,including 581 in ilioinguinal approach group,264 in stoppa approach group and 135 in pararectus approach group.Meta-analysis showed the rate of anatomic reduction in stoppa approach was higher than that in ilioinguinal approach (OR=0.58,95％CI:0.36-0.94,P=0.03),which in pararectus approach was higher than that in ilioinguinal approach (0R=2.95,95％CI:1.22-7.10,P=0.02).Compared to the ilioinguinal approach,the operation time in the Stoppa approach was shorter (MD=48.01,95％CI:17.08-78.95,P=0.002),there was no statistically significant difference between pararectus approach and ilioinguinal approach.In addition,there were no statistically significant differences among three approaches in intra-operative blood loss,postoperative functional outcomes and complications.Conclusion The available limited evidence suggests that the rate of anatomical reduction in stoppa and pararectus approach may be higher than ilioinguinal approach.Compared to the ilioinguinal approach,the operation time in the stoppa approach may be shorter.In this field,further rigorous design,baseline parallel,direct comparison controlled studies on this topic are still needed.

Cathepsin B from Helicoverpa armigera (HCB) belongs to the group of cysteine proteinases. HCB is proved being involved in the degradation of yolk proteins during embryonic development,which is an acidic preferring enzyme and is resistant to SDS. The expression of the proenzyme may offer a model for investigating the activation of the enzyme. The HCB gene was constructed into pPIC9K and expressed in Pichia pastoris KM71 strain . After induction by methanol, HCB was expressed and secreted into the medium. The molecular weight of the recombinant procathepsin B was determined as about 38 kDa. The expressed product was confirmed to be HCB by immunoblotting assay using specific rabbit anti-HCB polyclonal antibody. The activity of the product was assayed by in situ hydrolysis (gelatin-SDS-PAGE). These results showed that HCB with proteolytic activity was expressed in P. pastoris KM71. This proenzyme can be used for further research on the activation of the proenzyme or industrial production.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate five serum tumor markers used alone or in combination for the diagnosis of lung cancer.

METHODSThe level of five serum tumor markers: NSE, pro-GRP, CYFRA21-1, p53 antibody and CEA was detected by ELISA in 50 healthy adults, 170 lung cancer patients and 60 patients with respiratory infection.

RESULTSThe level of the five serum tumor markers in lung cancer patients was significantly higher than that of healthy adults and patients with respiratory infection (P < 0.01). The level of NSE and pro-GRP in patients with small-cell lung cancer was significantly higher than those of the other subtypes of lung cancer (P < 0.01); The level of CYFRA21-1 in patients with squamous-cell carcinoma was significantly higher than that of other subtypes (P < 0.01). The specificity of p53 antibody was 100% in diagnosing lung cancer and the sensitivity of NSE, pro-GRP was much higher for small-cell lung cancer than for other subtypes (P < 0.01); The same was observed in CYFRA21-1 for the diagnosis of squamous-cell carcinoma (P < 0.01). The sensitivity of the tumor markers in diagnosing lung cancer was significantly enhanced if used in combination (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThese five tumor markers are valuable auxiliary parameters in diagnosing lung cancer. The combination of NSE and pro-GRP is more appropriate than other combinations in diagnosing small-cell lung cancer; the combination of CYFRA21-1, CEA and p53 antibody is the most valuable combination for diagnosing non-small-cell lung cancer. p53 antibody has the highest specificity for diagnosing lung cancer; CYFRA21-1 is the most valuable parameter for diagnosing squamous carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; Antibodies, Neoplasm ; blood ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; blood ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; blood ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; Female ; Gastrin-Releasing Peptide ; blood ; Humans ; Keratin-19 ; Keratins ; blood ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; blood ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; immunology

0.05)in the former part of the surgery that was before the beginning of the surgery via anterior route.But in group B,only propofol for sedation was used for the patients during the latter part of the surgery via the anterior route or while the nerve plexus was blocked; during this time in group A,the addition of fentanyl and vecuronium were still intermittently necessary to maintain the general anesthesia.The duration between the completion of surgery and the recovery of spontaneous breathing,times for initial conscious reaction such as opening the eyes following an order, extubation and from extubation to complete recovery were significantly shorter in group B than those in group A(all P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of sea cucumber cerebroside (SCC) on the lipid metabolism in rats with orotic acid-induced fatty liver.

METHODSThe non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model was established by adding orotic acid to the diets in rats. The rats were randomly assigned to four groups:control group, NAFLD group, NAFLD + low SCC group and NAFLD + high SCC group. After 10 days of feeding, the serum and hepatic lipid concentrations and the aminopherase activities were measured; the composition of hepatic fatty acids was also analyzed.

RESULTThe serum TC and TG levels reduced significantly in the NAFLD group as compared with the controls (P<0.05), while the sea cucumber cereborside feeding raised the serum lipid concentrations (P<0.05). The hepatic TC and TG levels dramatically increased in the NAFLD group in comparison with the controls (P<0.05, P<0.01), while the hepatic lipid accumulations decreased in both SCC groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). The ALT and AST activities in the NAFLD group increased markedly when compared with the controls (P<0.05, P <0.01), while the sea cucumber cerebroside feeding attenuated the hepatic injury levels (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity increased significantly in the NAFLD group (P<0.05), but decreased in SCC groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSea cucumber cerebroside can attenuate the rat fatty liver induced by orotic acid.

Animals ; Cerebrosides ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fatty Acids ; metabolism ; Fatty Liver ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; drug effects ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sea Cucumbers ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo explore the diagnosis and treatment of xanthogranulomatous prostatitis.

METHODSA 75-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of difficult urination and frequent micturition, which was exacerbated for 2 days. Digital rectal examination indicated an enlarged prostate size of II degrees with hard texture but no tenderness. Serum total PSA was 172.5 microg/L. TRUS revealed 200 ml of post-micturition residual urine, thickened bladder wall, prostate size of 4.3 cm x 3.8 cm x 5.0 cm and no isochrones. MRI showed an enlarged prostate gland, with marked enlargement of the central zones and low-signal intensity of the peripheral gland, part of the prostate gland protruding to the bladder with no clear dividing line. It was diagnosed as prostate cancer initially, and confirmed by needle biopsy.

RESULTSHistopathological examination revealed large numbers of "foamy macrophages" in the lesion, with a few multinucleated giant cells, leukocytes, mononuclear, plasmocytes and fibroplasia. Immunohistochemistry showed CD68 (+) and PSA (-). The patient was treated with oral Tamsulosin and glucocorticoid and by temporary catheterization, and followed up for 20 months. Urination symptoms began to alleviate and serum PSA to decrease at 4 months. The PSA level was 9.2 microg/L at 13 months and 3.6 microg/L at 17 months.

CONCLUSIONXanthogranulomatous prostatitis is a rare clinically, which can be confirmed by histopathological examination. It is treated mainly by supportive therapy and, for the cases with severe lower urinary tract obstruction, TURP can be employed. Follow-up must be performed by possible examination of PSA and necessary needle biopsy of the prostate.

Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatitis ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Xanthomatosis ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of capsaicin on nude mice xenografted with colorectal carcinoma cells, and to explore its mechanism of action.

METHODSA nude mouse model of colorectal cancer was established by subcutaneous inoculation of human colorectal carcinoma HT-29 cells. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nicked labeling assay (TUNEL) was undertaken to detect the cell proliferation and apoptosis in the xenograft tissue in nude mice. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and Western blot were used to detect the expression of HSP27, Cyt-C and active caspase-3.

RESULTSThe tumor growth of the groups C10 and C20 was significantly slower than that of the group NS. The integrated optical density (IOD) of both the group C5 (2532.14 ± 578.11) and group C10 (6364.03 ± 1137.98) was significantly higher than that of the group NS (760.12 ± 238.05), (P < 0.05). The integrated optical density (IOD) of the group C20 was (15743.96 ± 1855.95), significantly higher than that of the groups C10, C5 and NS (all were P < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed that the cytoplasmic expression of HSP27 was strongly positive in the group NS, and significantly reduced with the increasing dose of capsaicin in the treated groups. The expression of active caspase-3 and Cyt-C in the group NS was weakly positive, and was significantly increased with the increasing dose of capsaicin in the groups C5 and C10 (P < 0.05), and the expression of active caspase-3 and Cyt-C of the group C20 was significantly higher than that of the groups C5, C10 and NS (P < 0.01). Western blot analysis showed that both the expressions of HSP27 of the group C5 (0.73 ± 0.05) and the group C10 (0.41 ± 0.03) were significantly lower than that of the group NS (P < 0.05). The expression of HSP27 of the group C20 (0.22 ± 0.06) was significantly lower than that of the groups C5, C10 and NS (P < 0.01). The expressions of active-caspase-3 and Cyt-C in the group C5 were (2.57 ± 0.34) and (2.03 ± 0.38), significantly higher than those of the group NS (P < 0.05). The expressions of active-caspase-3 and Cyt-C in the group C10 were (4.23 ± 0.45) and (3.13 ± 0.44), also significantly higher than those of the group NS (P < 0.05). The expressions of active-caspase-3 and Cyt-C in the group C20 were (5.78 ± 0.48) and (4.92 ± 0.52), significantly higher than those of the group C5, C10 and NS (P < 0.01). TUNEL analysis showed that there was a significant difference of cell apoptosis in comparison of each two groups. The higher dose of capsaicin was used, the more apoptosis was observed.

CONCLUSIONSCapsaicin can significantly inhibit the tumor growth and induce cell apoptosis in the colorectal carcinoma xenograft in nude mice. Its mechanism of action is possibly related with the down-regulation of HSP27 expression and up-regulation of expression of active caspase-3 and Cyt-C in the colorectal carcinoma xenograft in nude mice.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Capsaicin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cytochrome c Group ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; HT29 Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Random Allocation ; Tumor Burden ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

OBJECTIVETo investigate the diagnostic and therapeutic effect of bronchofiberscopy in the management of severe thoracic trauma.

METHODSA retrospective study was conducted on 207 consecutive patients with severe thoracic trauma enrolled in our hospital between January 2008 and June 2012. During the period, 488 bronchofiberscopies and lavages were done. The bronchofiberscope was inserted through tracheal incision (282), nasal cavity (149) and oral cavity (57). Intensive SaO2 monitoring as well as blood gas analysis were performed pre-, intra- and postoperatively. Simultaneously oxygen therapy or ventilatory support was given. Sputum culture was done intraoperatively.

RESULTSDiagnosis in 207 cases was confirmed by bronchofiberscopy. The result of sputum culture was positive in 78 cases. Lavage was performed on 156 cases. SaO2 significantly increased after bronchofiberscopies as well as lavages and PaO2 obviously improved 2 h after surgery (both P less than 0.05). Heart rate and respiratory rate decreased. There was no bronchofiberscopy-related death.

CONCLUSIONBronchofiberscopy plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of severe thoracic trauma, which can not only timely diagnose bronchial injury and collect deep tracheal sputum for bacterial culture but also effectively remove foreign body, secretion, blood and sputum crust in the airway, manage obstructive atelectasis and pneumonia, and significantly improve respiratory function and treatment outcome.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Bronchoscopy ; Female ; Fiber Optic Technology ; Humans ; Injury Severity Score ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracic Injuries ; diagnosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDSMAD proteins have recently been identified as the first family of putative transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) signal transducers. This study was to investigate the effects of TGF-beta1 and signal protein Smad3 on rat cardiac hypertrophy.

METHODSThe incorporation of [(3)H]-leucine was measured to determine the hypertrophy of cardiomyocyte incubated with different doses of TGF-beta1 in cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. The model of rat cardiac hypertrophy was produced with constriction of the abdominal aorta. At different times after the operation, rats were killed, and their left ventricular mass index (LVMI) determined. The mRNA expression of TGF-beta1 and Smad3 of cultured cells and hypertrophic left ventricles were assessed by RT-PCR. The protein expression of Smad3 was assessed by Western blot.

RESULTSIn cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes, TGF-beta1 significantly promoted incorporation of [(3)H]-leucine. With the concentration of 3 pg/L, it increased the expression of Smad3 in mRNA and protein levels after 15 minutes, and continued for up to 8 hours of cultured cardiomyocytes. The LVMI and the expression of TGF-beta1 (mRNA) and Smad3 (mRNA and protein) of hypertrophic left ventricle were increased by day 3 after the operation and continued to the 4th week. The peak expression of these was in the second week after operation.

CONCLUSIONTGF-beta1 has positive effects on rat cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Signal protein Smad3 could be related to the pathologic progression of rat cardiac hypertrophy.

Animals ; Aortic Coarctation ; metabolism ; Cardiomegaly ; etiology ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; physiology ; Leucine ; metabolism ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Smad3 Protein ; Trans-Activators ; physiology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; genetics ; physiology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1