Objective To understand the sanitary quality of cosmetics in Wuhan. Methods The sanitary quality of cosmetics including hair care cosmetics, skin care cosmetics, beauty cosmetics, perfumes and cosmetics for special use sampled from 23 cosmetics manufactures and 15 large-scale whole-salers and retail traders in Wuhan were examined during 1996～2001. Results The annual qualified rates of cosmetics were 93.49%～98.69% in 1996～2000. It was 95.65% for hair care cosmetics, 92.41% for skin care cosmetics, 98.13% for beauty cosmetics, 100% for purfumes and 95.56% for special use cosmetics respectively. They also were 93.62%～98.69% for microbiological indexes and 99.17%～100% for chemical indexes respectively. The total count of bacteria of skin care cosmetics seriously exceeded the related sanitary standard. Conclusion The main problem of the sanitary quality of cosmetics was the microbiological pollution.

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male

Objective To investigate the effects of minimally invasive intracranial hematoma clearance on the perihematomal glutamate(Glu) level,permeability of blood-brain barrier(BBB) and brain edema.Methods Thirty rabbits with body weight of 2.80-3.40 kg were used to established the model of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) and randomly divided into the minimally invasive group(MI) and control group(MC) after the model was prepared successfully.The MI group underwent minimally invasive procedures for removing intracranial hematoma by stereotactic instrument within 6 h after establishing the ICH model.The brain tissue was extracted on postoperative 1,3,7 d,and the perihematomal brain tissues were taken to detect the Glu level,BBB permeability and water content of brain tissue,which were compared with those in the control group.Results The Glu level,BBB permeability and brain water content on 1,3,7 d in the MI group were lower than those in the MC group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The minimally invasive surgery for removing intracranial hematoma is helpful to reduce perihematoma Glu level,BBB permeability and brain water content.

To investigate the protective effect of retinoic acid (RA) on hyperoxic lung injury and the role of RA as a modulator on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), gastation 21 d Sprague-Dawley (SD) fetuses (term = 22 d) were delivered by hysterotomy. Within 12-24 h of birth, premature rat pups were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=12 each): air-exposed control group (group I); hyperoxia-exposed group (group II), air-exposed plus RA group (group III), hyperoxia-exposed plus RA group (group IV). Group I, III were kept in room air, and group II, IV were placed in 85 % oxygen. The pups in groups III and IV were intraperitoneally injected with RA (500 microg/kg every day). All lung tissues of premature rat pups were collected at the 4th day after birth. Terminal transferase d-UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used for the detection of cell apoptosis. The expression of PCNA was immunohistochemically detected. Western blot analysis was employed for the determination of phosphorylated and total nonphosphorylated ERKs, JNKs or p38. Our results showed that lungs from the pups exposed to hyperoxia for 4 d exhibited TUNEL-positive nuclei increased markedly throughout the parenchyma (P<0.01), and decreased significantly after RA treatment (P<0.01). The index of PCNA-positive cells was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and was significantly increased by RA treatment (P<0.01). The air-space size was significantly enlarged, secondary crests were markedly decreased in hyperoxia-exposed animals. RA treatment improved lung air spaces and secondary crests in air-exposed pups, but had no effect on hyperoxia-exposure pups. Western blotting showed that the amounts of JNK, p38 and ERK proteins in hyperoxia-exposure or RA-treated lung tissues were same as those in untreated lung tissues (P>0.05), whereas activation of these MAPKs was markedly altered by hyperoxia and RA. After hyperoxia exposure, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK1/2 and p-p38 were dramatically increased (P<0.01), whereas p-JNK1/2 and p-p38 were markedly declined and p-ERK1/2 was further elevated by RA treatment (P<0.01). It is concluded that RA could decrease cell apoptosis and stimulate cell proliferation under hyperoxic condition. The protection of RA on hyperoxia-induced lung injury was related to the regulation of MAP kinase activation.

Objective To investigate the role of signal transduction of toll-like receptors(TLRs)in immunological pathogenesis in children with acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP).Methods Thirty children with actue ITP and 30 age-matched healthy children were studied.Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to evaluate the levels of TLR 1-10 and signal transducing molecules,and cytokines associated with TLRs,such as IL-1?,granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF),macrophage colony-stimulating factor(M-CSF)and IFN-?/? mRNA.Expressions of co-stimulatory molecules such as CD40,CD80 and CD86 in mo-nocyte/macrophage(MC)was analyzed by flow cytometry.Results Compared with healthy control group,the mRNA levels of TLR3,7,8 and 9 in ITP group were significantly up-regulated(Pa0.05).Transcription le-vels of MyD88-dependent and-independent pathway molecules such as MD-2,MyD88,IRAK-4,TRAF6,TAK1,TRIF,TRAM,TBK-1 and IFN-? were significantly up-regulated in acute ITP(Pa0.05).Conclusion Aberrant activation of toll-like receptors signaling may be one of the initiating factors of immune dysfunction in children with acute ITP.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of macrophages as cell carriers to deliver floate modified oxygen loaded ultrasound contrast agent . Methods The phagocytic activity of macrophages was analyzed by ink phagocytose test , and the expression of folate recepters ( FRs ) on macrophages cell membrane surface was tested by immunofluofluorescence assay . Oxygen/paclitaxel loaded lipid microbubbles( OPLMB) and folate‐targeted OPLMB ( TOPLMB) were synthesized by mechanical shock method and incubated with macrophages in vitro . According to different treatment conditions ,the cells were divided into three groups:group A ( OPLMB) ,group B ( free folic acid + TOPLMB) and group C ( TOPLMB) , the fluorescence intensity of the cells were observed under fluorescence microscope ,and the phagocytic percentage and the phagocytic index of macrophages uptake OPLMB and TOPLMB were observed by bright field microscope . Results The phagocytic percentage of macrophages phagocytose ink was (99 .3 ± 1 .0)% ,FRs was highly expressed on macrophages cultured in vitro . After incubation for 30 minutes ,the fluorescence intensity of group C was significantly higher than those of A and B ,the phagocytic percentage in three groups were (19 .5 ± 0 .2)% ,(21 .0 ± 0 .2)% and (81 .2 ± 10 .0)% respetively . The phagocytic percentage of group C were significantly higher than those in group A and group B ( P <0 .05) . Conclusions Macrophages cultured in vitro possess highly phagocytic activity and these cells highly express FRs ,and can be used as cell carriers to deliver floate modified oxygen loaded multimodality ultrasound contrast agent .

Objective To evaluate the impact of three to four cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) on the survival of patients with N2-N3 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods The clinical data of 915 patients with T1-4N2-3M0 NPC from 2007 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.A total of 179 patients treated with 3-4 cycles of NACT (NACT≥3 group) were matched with 358 patients treated with 2 cycles of NACT (NACT=2 group) and 179 patients treated without NACT (NACT =0 group,concurrent chemoradiotherapy group) for age,N stage,pathological subtype,and NACT regimen.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate overall survival (OS),disease-free survival (DFS),recurrence-free survival (RFS),and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rates,the log-rank test was used for survival difference analysis and univariate prognostic analysis,and the Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis.Results For the NACT≥ 3,NACT =2,and NACT =0 groups,the 5-year OS rates were 89.4％,81.6％,and 73.7％,respectively (P=O.000),the 5-year DFS rates were 83.2％,69.8％,and 64.2％,respectively (P=O.000),the 5-year RFS rates were 86.0％,76.0％,and 69.3％,respectively (P=0.001),and the 5-year DMFS rates were 86.6％,76.0％,and 68.3％,respectively (P=0.000).Three to four cycles of NACT was an independent protective factor for OS,DFS,RFS,and DMFS in patients with N2-N3 NPC.Conclusion Three to four cycles of NACT can significantly improve the survival of patients with N2-N3 NPC.

The study aimed to establish a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PPK/PD) model of warfarin. PCR-RFLP technique was used to genotype the CYP2C9 and VKORC1 polymorphisms of 73 patients. RP-HPLC-UV method was used to determine the 190 plasma concentrations of warfarin. Application of NONMEM, the clinical information and 263 international normalized ratio (INR) monitoring data were used to investigate the effect of genetic, physiological, pathological factors, other medication on clearance and anticoagulant response. The final model of warfarin PPK/PD was described as follows: CL = θCL · (WT/60)θWT · θCYP · eηCL (if CYP2C9*1/*1, θCYP = 1; if *1/*3, θCYP = 0.708); EC50 = θEC50 · θVKOR · eηEC50 (if VKORC1- 1639AA, θVKOR = 1; if GA, θVKOR = 2.01; V = θV; K(E0) = θK(E0); Emax = θEmax; E0 = θE0 · eηE0. Among them, the body weight (WT), CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotype had conspicuous effect on warfarin PK/PD parameters. The goodness diagnosis, Bootstrap, NPDE verification showed that the final model was stable, effective and predictable. It may provide a reference for opitimizing the dose regimen of warfarin.
Anticoagulants ; pharmacology ; Body Weight ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; International Normalized Ratio ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases ; genetics ; Warfarin ; pharmacokinetics

Objective: To compare the efficacy difference between moxibustion at sensitized-acupoints and non-sensitized- acupoints using the same group of acupoints. Methods: A total of 139 patients with chronic superficial gastritis were divided into a sensitized acupoint group (102 cases) and a non-sensitized acupoint group (37 cases) based on whether acupoint sensitization occurred. The SPSS version 19.0 statistical software propensity score matching function was used to balance the baseline data between the groups. Finally, 29 pairs of matched patients were included, namely 29 cases in the sensitized acupoint group and 29 cases in the non-sensitized acupoint group. Both groups were treated with moxibustion therapy. The treatment lasted for 30 min per time, and was performed every other day for 8 weeks. Changes in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom score and the short-form 36-item health survey (SF-36) score in both groups were observed before and after treatment, as well as the clinical efficacy. Results: The covariates of age, course of disease, TCM symptom score and SF-36 score in the two groups were balanced after matching (all P>0.05). After treatment, the total effective rate was 100.0％ in the sensitized acupoint group and 79.3％ in the non-sensitized acupoint group. The difference in the total effective rate between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.01). After treatment and at the 4-week follow-up, the TCM symptom scores in the sensitized acupoint group were significantly lower than those in the non-sensitized acupoint group (all P<0.01); the SF-36 scores in the sensitized acupoint group were significantly higher than those in the non-sensitized acupoint group (all P<0.01). Conclusion: With the same group of acupoints, the sensitized acupoints have a better therapeutic effect and long-term efficacy than the non-sensitized acupoints in the treatment of chronic superficial gastritis.

Background Oxygen-induced retinal neovascularization is the main pathological basis for many retinal vascular diseases.Research showed that light exposure at night can suppress retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy(OIR),but there were few reports discussing its effect on ROP.Objective This study aimed to observe the effect of light exposure at night on retinal neovascularization in an OIR mouse model.Methods Sixty-four newborn C57 BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups,with 16 mice for each group.OIR models were established by rearing the newborn C57BL/6J mice with their mothers in a(75±2)％ oxygen environment from postnatal day 7(P7)to Pl2,and then transferred to room air.In the OIR model group,the environmental illumination level was the same as the normal control group,and the model mice were exposed to 100 lx light at night in the OIR+ light exposure group.In the simple light exposure group,normal mice were reared in room air and were exposed to light at night from P12 to P17.All the mice were sacrificed on P17,and retinal flat mounts were prepared to assess the oxygen-induced changes of retinal vessels using the adenosine diphosphatase(ADPase)histochemical technique.The amount of proliferative neovascularization was quantified by counting the number of endotheliocyte nuclei in new vessels extending from the retinal inner limiting membrane into the vitreous in ocular cross-sections.The expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)protein was detected by immunohistochemistry.Real-time PCR analysis was performed to examine the expression of VEGF mRNA.The rearing and usage of the animals complied with the Statement of ARVO.Results Less free-vascular areas and new blood vessels were seen in the OIR+light exposure group compared with the OIR model group.On day 17 of the mouse life,the number of the endotheliocyte nuclei in new vessels extending from retinal inner limiting membrane were 0.97±0.83,1.00±0.72,38.57±5.01 and 16.92±3.39 in the normal group,simple light exposure group,OIR model group and OIR+light exposure group,respectively,showing significant differences among them(F =78.767,P =0.000).The number of nuclei in the OIR+light exposure group were less than that of the OIR model group(t=20.446,P＜0.01).Immunochemistry showed that the expression of VEGF in retina was weaker in the OIR+light exposure group than the OIR model group.The relative expression values of VEGF mRNA were 1.00±0.00,0.94±0.07,2.08±0.50 and 1.43±0.21 in the normal group,simple light exposure group,OIR model group and OIR+light exposure group,respectively,showing a significant difference (F=11.268,P =0.003),where the VEGF mRNA level in the OIR+light exposure group was lower than that of the OIR model group(t =20.163,P＜0.05).Conclusions Light exposure at night can weaken retinal neovascularization in OIR mice