Objective To investigate on the students' network usage,addiction and influencing factors at a certain university and analyze its correlation with impulsive choice.Methods Multi-class sampling method was applied.1 777 students were selected from the School of Clinical Medicine,School of Nursing,School of Public Health,School of Mental Health,School of Medical Laboratory Science,Department of Stomatology,School of Pharmacy,School of Management and Department of Biology,including 1 534 medical majors,accounting for 86.3％ and 243 non-medical majors,accounting for 13.7％.Results 121 students were addicted to the internet,accounting for 6.8％ of the selected students,while 1 656 students were free from the internet addiction,accounting for 93.2％ of the selected students.Among all the addicts,96 were from medical majors,accounting for 79.3％ and 25 were from non-medical majors,accounting for 20.7％.As for the online activities,boys loved computer games while girls preferred to watch movies,listen to music and shop.At the same time,most of the junior students and non-medical majors played games online.As for the length of time,students spending 5 and more hours everyday on the internet accounted for 3.4％.As for the sites,medical majors usually used their cell-phones while non-medical majors mostly got on line at their dorms.Probably due to the boys' preference for computer games,a larger proportion of boys getting on line at school dorms and internet bars off the campus.Most of the girls chose to use their cell-phones.More junior students surferred the internet at dorms while more senior students used their cell-phones.As for the function of the medical knowledge on the prevention and treatment of internet addiction,9.8％ of the students held that medical knowledge had a great effect on the prevention and treatment of internet addiction,61.5％ believed in a general effect,while 28.6％ of the students thought it useless.The multi-factor analysis showed that grade,home address and the communication with parents all attribute to internet addiction.Internet addiction was significantly associated with impulsiveness,and 3 dimensionality of impulsive choice (P＜ 0.01).Conclusion There is higher incidence of internet addiction among the junior students,students from the urban areas and those who lack communication with parents.Grade,home address and situation of communicating with parents are the important factors for internet addiction.Internet addiction is close association with impulsive choice.

Objective To explore the relationship between osteoporosis knowledge and activities and fear of falling of elderly in the community.Method 420 elders in community were investigated with osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool (OKAT) and the modified survey of activities and fear of falling in the elderly (MSAFFE).Result The overall average score of MSAFFE was (25.36±4.58),and exercise capacity dimension scored higher (13.89±2.41).The overall average score of OKAT was (9.11±3.81).The correlation coefficient of MSAFFE and OKAT was-0.11～ 0.58(P＜0.05).The level of knowledge osteoporosis could explain 24％,18％,16％ variation of activities and fear of falling in each dimension.Conclusion The level of knowledge osteoporosis in the elderly is closely related to activity and fear of falling.Health education should be strengthened to improve the life quality of older people.

AIM:To investigate regulatory roles of Apelin in adventitial remodeling and fibrosis in rats with transverse aortic constriction ( TAC) .METHODS:The male Sprague-Dawley rats with TAC were randomized to daily deliver either pyroglutamyl Apelin-13 ( 50μg/kg) or saline for 4 weeks.RESULTS:Histomorphometric analysis by HE and Masson Trichrome staining revealed increased medi -al and adventitial thicknesses , especially in the adventitia , in ascending aortas in rats with TAC when compared with the sham-operated rats.Downregulation of APJ receptor and elevations in phosphorylated mTOR and ERK 1/2 levels were observed in rats with TAC . There are marked increases in heart weight ( HW) , HW/body weight ratio , and aortic fibrosis in rats with TAC .The pressure over-load-mediated pathological adventitial remodeling was strikingly rescued by Apelin-13, associated with attenuation of aortic fibrosis and reduced mRNA expression of TGF-β1, fibronectin and collagen I .CONCLUSION:Our results demonstrate the importance of Apelin-13 in amelioration of aortic adventitial remodeling and fibrosis in rats with TAC via modulation of the mTOR /ERK signaling , thus indi-cating potential therapeutic strategies by enhancing Apelin /APJ action for preventing pressure overload-and fibrosis-associated cardio-vascular disorders .

Objective The study aims to analyze the changes in gray matter among Bipolar Disorder (BD) with suicidal ideation, those without suicidal ideation and health control (HC) and to explore the altered brain imaging changes of BD patients with suicidal ideation. Method The study recruited 28 BD with suicidal ideation, 40 BD without suicidal ideation and 46 HCs who undergone the high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging. Thus, the data of all participants were analyzed by voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Results Significantly decreased gray matter volume was detected in the right superior temporal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, left caudate nucleus, left lenticular putamen, left middle occipital gyrus and left occipital gyrus in patients with BD compared to HCs. However, there was no significant difference in gray matter volume between BD with suicidal ideation and those without suicidal ideation. There were significant differences in gray matter volume in the right postcentral, the right superior parietal gyrus and the right precuneus among BD with and without suicidal ideation and HCs. The gray matter volumes of BD with suicidal ideation were significantly lower than that of the other two groups. Conclusion Gray matter volume abnormalities in parietal lobe play an important role in the brain structural alternation of BD with suicidal ideation.

Objective To observe the influence of coal burning fluorosis on learning and memory ability in rats and reveal its possible mechanisms. Methods Healthy 48 SD rats were divided into control, low-fluoride and high-fluoride group. All rats in fluoride exposed groups were fed with the eom polluted by drying processes with burning coal containing high level of fluoride obtained from the endemic fluorosis area to produce the animal model of fluorosis. The experiment period were 3,6 mouths, respectively. The ability of leaning and memory was measured by Morris test and cholinesterase activity detected by photometric method at 3 or 6 month after experiment, respectively. Results Fluoride contents signifieantlly influenced the escape latency, the numbers of crossing the platforms and the time of staying the platforms(the value of F was 29.29,6.47,6.50, respectively, P<0.01).In addition, the numbers of crossing the platforms and the time of staying the platforms were influenced by the exposed time(the value of F was 16.11,45.59, P<0.01). Furthermore, the fluoride contents and the exposed time had an interaction between the numbers of crossing the platforms and the time of staying the platforms (the value of F was 4.67,5.68, P<0.05 or<0.01). Three months after the experiment, the mean values of escape latency [(14.71± 4.85)s] of rats in highly fluoride exposed group were significantly prolonged as compared with controls [(9.28±4.22)s]; 6 month after the experiment, the mean values of escape latency[(12.42±8.03)s, (17.48± 8.05)s] of rats in both groups exposed to fluoride were significantly prolonged as compared to controls [(7.04± 3.29)s, P<0.05]. The decreased numbers of crossing the platforms[(1.62±0.87)number] and the declined time of staying the platforms[(16.70±5.02)s] were found in the rats exposed to high fluoride as compared to controls [(3.53±1.67 )number, (23.33±5.35)s, P<0.05]. The fluoride contents obviously influenced the activities of acetylcholinesterase and butylcolinesterase (the value of F was 12.83,13.27, P<0.01). On the other hand, the times of breeding also influnced the activities of butylcolinesterase (the value of F was 16.26, P<0.01). In 3 months of the experiment, the activities of butylcolinesterase [(0.55±0.12)kU/g] in low fluoride exposed group were significantly decreased in comparison with controls[(0.73±0.10)kU/g, P<0.05]. The activities of acetylcholinesterase[(0.62±0.42)kU/g] and butylcolioesterase[(0.58±0.10)kU/g] in high fluoride group were significantly decreased as compared to eontrois[(1.41±0.52), (0.73±0.10)kU/g, P<0.05]. The correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between the cholinesterase and the escape latency(r=-0.68, P< 0.01), and a positive correlation between the cholinesterase and the time of staying the platforms(r=0.57, P< 0.01). Conclusions The ability of learning and memory in rats with coal buring fluorosis was decreased, which might be connected to the decreased activity of cholinesterase in a dose-effect correlation.

Objective To invistigate the prevalence of chronic diseases, the conditions and patterns of multimorbidity in elderly people of China. Methods A total of 11 698 samples aged over 60 years were selected from 2015 data of china health and retirement longitudinal study(CHARLS) for descriptive statistics analysis of chronic disease and multimorbidity status. Results The prevalence of chronic diseases was 69.13%. Top three diseases of prevalence were arthritis or rheumatism (38.50%), hypertension (26.42%), stomach or Gastrointestinal system diseases (24.53%). The prevalence of multimorbidity was 43.65%, and top three diseases of multimorbidity were arthritis or rheumatism (28.78%), hypertension (21.29%), stomach or digestive system disease (20.01% ); Common dual disease combinations were gastric or digestive tract disease+arthritis or rheumatism, hypertension + arthritis or rheumatism, chronic lung disease + arthritis or rheumatism; common three disease combinations were hypertension+stomach or digestive tract disease + arthritis or rheumatism, stomach or digestive system disease + chronic lung disease + arthritis or rheumatism, hypertension+heart disease+joints inflammation or rheumatism. Conclusions The prevalence of chronic diseases and multimorbidity among elderly people are high in China and conditions of chronic diseases and multimorbidity are not optimistic. The health administrative department should raise awareness of management in chronic diseases and multimorbidity, and take actions to improve the health status of the elderly.

OBJECTIVEThe Ministry of Public Health released the National Surveillance project on Shigellosis in August, 2005. This study was to reveal the antimicrobial resistance status of Shigella isolates through the National Shigellosis Surveillance System in 2005 in China, so as to provide evidence for the development of surveillance, prevention and cure of Shigellosis.

METHODSAll the lab assistants received training from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The project prescribed the uniform experimentation, quality control method, reagent, etc. Disc diffusion test(K-B) was carried out, following the CLSI methods. Data were analyzed by WHONET 5.4 software.

RESULTS(1) 3 serotypes were identified and S. flexneri was common that accounted for 75.5% of all Shigella isolates followed by 24.4% of S. sonnei, but only 1 strain of S. dysenteriae was separated. (2) The resistant rates to tetracycline and ampicillin in Shigella spp were quite high, as over 90.0%. However, the resistant rate to Cefotaxime was the lowest, only 6.1%. The resistant rates were different between serotypes with the resistant rates of S. flexneri to ampicillin, ampicillin/clavulanate and ciprofloxacin were higher than those of S. sonnei (P < 0.001). (3) The multiple-antibiotic-resistance status in Shigella spp was quite serious and the resistant rate to five and more antimicrobials was 54.9%. The most common resistant patterns were seen on ampicillin, nalidixin, tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole. (4) There were some differences in subtypes and antimicrobial resistance among different provinces.

CONCLUSIONCefotaxime seemed the best in curing Shigellosis at the clinic level. Programs regarding monitoring subtypes and antimicrobial resistance of Shigella should be in a continuous manner so as to understand the pathogens timely and to control the disease pertinently.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; China ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Dysentery, Bacillary ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Population Surveillance ; Serotyping ; Shigella ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo explore the correlation of histologically proven prostatitis with the level of prostate specific antigen (PSA), prostate volume, PSA density (PSAD), international prostate symptom score (IPSS), maximum flow rate (Qmax) and post-void residual volume (PVR) in men with symptoms of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).

METHODSTotally 673 patients surgically treated for BPH were divided into Groups A and B in accordance with histological findings, the former including those with histological prostatitis, and the latter without it. Comparisons were made between the two groups in the PSA level, prostate volume, PSAD, IPSS, Qmax and PVR.

RESULTSThe PSA level, prostate volume, IPSS and PVR were significantly higher in Group A ([5.64 +/- 2.48] microg/L, [43.66 +/- 13.11] ml, 24.72 +/- 5.39 and [124.90 +/- 49.80] ml) than in B ([4.97 +/- 1.99] microg/L, [40.41 +/- 11.44] ml, 23.40 +/- 6.21 and [112.73 +/- 50.03] ml) (P<0.05), while Qmax markedly lower in the former ([6.94 +/- 3.23] ml/s) than in the latter ([7.75 +/- 3.52] ml/s) (P<0.05), but PSAD showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (0.129 +/- 0.048 vs 0.123 +/- 0.034, P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONHistological prostatitis can significantly increase the PSA level, prostate volume, IPSS and PVR, and reduce the Qmax of the patient, but is not correlated with PSAD. It is an important factor influencing the clinical progression of BPH.

Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Organ Size ; Prostate ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; metabolism ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; metabolism ; pathology ; urine ; Prostatitis ; metabolism ; pathology ; urine

OBJECTIVETo detect the expression of TRAIL receptors in fibroblasts of hypertrophic scar in the proliferative stage and explore its significance.

METHODS30 samples of hypertrophic scar were taken from 30 burn cases in the proliferative stage. 30 samples of normal skin were taken as the control. The expressions of TRAIL receptors in the fibroblasts of hypertrophic burn scar and the normal skin were assayed by semiquantitative RT-PCR and flowcytometry.

RESULTSThe expression level of DR5 in the fibroblasts of hypertrophic burn scar is much lower than the control (P < 0.05); the expression level of DcR1 in the fibroblasts of hypertrophic burn scar is much higher than the control (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe down-regulated DR5 expression and elevated DcR1 expressions in the fibroblasts of hypertrophic burn scar may attribute to the apoptosis change induced by TRAIL and explain the apoptosis differences between the fibroblasts of hypertrophic scar and normal skin to a certain extent.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Apoptosis ; Burns ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo understand the pollution rates of vibrio cholera (V. cholera) in different seafood, aquatic products and their circulatory processes, so as to help making measures for cholera control and prevention.

METHODSDifferent seafood, aquatic products and breed water specimen collected from 12 provinces of China were tested from July to September in 2005.

RESULTA total of 12 104 samples of seafood and aquatic products were tested and the average pollution rate of vibrio cholera was 0.52%. The positive isolate rate of turtle sample (1.72%) was the highest among all samples. The second higher isolated rate was 1.14% in water specimen of turtle breed pool. The positive rate of bullfrog was 0.50%. The percentage of toxin strains was 47.54% and 79.31% of them were isolated from turtle and water samples of turtle breed pool. The important sector of the pollution of vibrio cholera was in turtle breed pool (2.38%).

CONCLUSIONThe average pollution rate of vibrio cholera in seafood and aquatic products in 12 provinces of China was low. It should be very necessary to supervise the sanitation in turtle breed for controlling and preventing the vibrio cholera.

Animals ; China ; Female ; Fishes ; microbiology ; Food Contamination ; analysis ; prevention & control ; statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Seafood ; microbiology ; Seawater ; analysis ; Turtles ; microbiology ; Vibrio cholerae ; isolation & purification