Recently,a large family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) has been identified as mas-related genes (Mrgs),Which are specific expressed in small diameter sensory neurons in the trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia,suggesting a role in pain transmission.Mrgs receptors have been shown to modulate some physiological and pathological activities,such as pain and immunity.It is important to discover ligands of Mrgs for understanding and elucidating their potential physiological and pathophysiological roles.The studies on pharmacological spectrum of NPS make it an interesting target for pharmaceutical development.

To master the performances of the cardiac defibrillator-monitor and enhance its reliability and effi-ciency through quality control. ESA612 electrical safety analyzer and Phase3 defibrillator analyzer were used to test the performances of 56 cardiac defibrillator-monitors, involving in basic items detection, electrical safety detection and performance detection. The qualified items included charging times, internal discharge, ECG monitoring and etc, while the unqualified ones included appearance, electrical safety as well as delay time under synchronous mode. The quality control can improve the safety of the cardiac defibrillator-monitor.

Objective To identify the risk factors for the development of hypotension during craniotomy in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods One hundred and seventy-five patients,aged ≥ 18 yr,undergoing emergency craniotomy for TBI,were selected.According to the occurrence of intraoperative hypotension (systolic pressure ＜ 90 mm Hg or the decreased amplitude ＞ 30％ of the baseline),all the patients were divided into 2 groups:hypotension group and non-hypotension group.The data including gender,age,preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score,pupils,preoperative systolic pressure,application of mannitol,hyperventilation,methods for induction of anesthesia,and decrease in intracranial pressure were recorded.The risk factors of which P values were less than 0.05 would enter the multi-factor logistic regression analysis to stratify the independent risk factors for intraoperative hypotension.Results Fifty patients developed intraoperative hypotension,and the incidence was 28.57％.There was significant difference in preoperative systolic pressure,GCS score and changes in pupils between hypotension group and non-hypotension group (P ＜ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative systolic pressure was the independent risk factor for hypotension during craniotomy in patients with severe TBI (P ＜ 0.05),and OR value (95％ confidence interval) was 1.019 (1.005-1.033),and regression coefficient was 0.019.Conclusion Preoperative systolic pressure is the independent risk factor for hypotension during craniotomy in patients with severe TBI.

Objective To establish an evaluation system to assess the effect of personnel training program for health professionals in the hospital,in order to achieve the goal that improve the overall competitiveness of the hospital.Methods Comparing and analyzing the differences in research project,research achievements,personnel capacity building before and after implementation of the training program.Paired T-test was used to exam the differences.Results There are statistically significant differences for proposed analyses (p ≤ 0.05).Conclusions The outcome of this study indicates that the personnel training program is extremely important to further development of the hospital.

Objective To investigate the change in the proportion of NK or NKT cells in the peripheral blood of patients with HBV associated acute-on-chronic liver failure(HBV-ACLF) .Methods the frequency of NK or NKT cells in the blood of 25 healthy controls(HC) ,40 patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB) and 26 HBV-ACLF patients was detected by flow cytometry .The differ-ences in the proportion of NK and NKT cells among the three groups were analyzed by SPSS software and the correlation was ana-lyzed between the frequence of NK or NKT cells and HBV markers and the level of liver function .Results the proportion of NK cells in HC ,CHB ,or HBV-ACLF group was (15 .0 ± 6 .0)% ,(11 .4 ± 6 .8)% ,(8 .9 ± 6 .7)% respectively ,and the difference be-tween the HBV-ACLF group and HC or CHB group was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .And for the NKT cells ,its frequence in the HC ,CHB ,or HBV-ACLF group was (1 .9 ± 1 .3)% ,(4 .3 ± 3 .7)% ,(5 .4 ± 8 .6)% respectively ,and there was significant difference between the HBV-ACLF group and HC group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The proportion of NK cells in HBV-ACLF has a significant decline ,while NKT cells has a significant increases .it indicate that NK or NKT cells might be play a certain role in the HBV-ACLF development process .

Objective To investigate the pathological features,diagnosis and treatment of primary malignant melanoma in esophagus (PMME).Methods The clinical data of 3 patients with PMME who were admitted to the Beijing Friendship Hospital from January 2008 to June 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients received esophageal barium radiography,electronic fiberesophagoscopy,esophageal endoscopic ultrasonography,computed tomography,and underwent surgery.Adjuvant therapy and immunotherapy were applied postoperatively.Results The results of barium radiography showed irregular filling defect presentation in the distal esophagus.The results of endoscopy showed a purple black tumor with a length of 3-8 cm in the esophagus.The results of endoscopic ultrasonography showed that the tumor was derived from the mucosal layer with low echo density.The results of computed tomography showed thickness of the lower segment of the esophagus.All the 3 patients received left thoracic approach esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy.Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed malignant melanoma.The expressions of Mart-1,HMB-45 and S-100 antigen were positive.The survival time of 2 patients was longer than 3 years,and 1 patient died of metastasis 6 months after operation.Conclusions PMME is a kind of rare and malignant tumor with dismal prognosis.Surgical management is the first choice,adjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy are hopeful to increase the survival time of the patients.

Objective To analyze the ultrasonographic characteristics of breast cystic-solid lesions and to investigate the diagnostic value of BI-RADS breast imaging reporting and data system in this kind of disease Methods Imaging characteristics of 105 breast cystic-solid lesions of 93 patients were analyzed All the lesions were assessed by BI-RADS Histopathologic examination was used as the reference standard Results Among 105 lesions 57 54 3% were benign and 48 45 7% were malignant Differences in orientation shape margin calcification and vascularity were statistically significant between the benign and malignant lesions P < 0 05 whereas the echo pattern and the posterior acoustic feature did not show significant differences P >0 05).There were 5 1 predominantly solid mass,which appeared as solid mass with little dispersed or centralized cystic regions or solid mass with surrounding cystic regions,including 33 benign lesions and 1 8 malignant lesions.The area under the curves of ROC was 0.956 in this type.There were 25 lesions predominantly cystic,which had regular or irregular thick walls or septa,or had nodules protruding to the cystic component,including 1 1 benign lesions and 14 malignant lesions.The area under the curves of ROC was 0.753.There were 29 mixed solid-cystic mass,in which the solid component equaled to the cystic,including 13 benign lesions and 16 malignant lesions.The area under the curves of ROC was 0.887.The area under curves of ROC was 0.873 for the all breast cystic-solid lesions.The rates of malignant cystic-solid lesions in the three types had no significant difference(P >0.05).Conclusions Ultrasound is a useful tool for diagnosing breast cystic-solid lesions.The proportion of the cystic component is not helpful to differentiate malignancy from benignancy.

Objective To investigate the value of shear wave elastography (SWE)for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Methods A total of 1 56 patients referred for surgery of thyroid nodules underwent standard ultrasound as well as elastography.The following characteristics of all the nodules were assessed:location,size,shape,margin,echogenicity,calcification and blood flow.The SWE elasticity indices of maximum (Emax),mean (Emean),minimum (Emin),and standard deviation (Esd) were automatically calculated by the US system.Thresholds were calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC ) curve analysis.The diagnostic performance of conventional US and SWE were compared.Histopathologic examination was used as the reference standard.Results Among a total of 1 56 nodules,1 1 8 were malignant and 38 were benign.SWE elasticity indices were significantly higher in malignant than in benign nodules (P ≤0.001 ).Sensitivity and specificity for predicting malignancy were 83.9%,92.1 % respectively using Emean with a threshold of 32.1 kPa,the specificity was significantly higher than using conventional ultrasound (P <0.05 ).Area under the ROC curve (Az)of Emean was highest (0.880,95% CI:0.81 7,0.943),however the differences were not significant(P >0.05).Conclusions SWE provides higher specificity for predicting malignancy without losing sensitivity.

Objective To evaluate the ultrasonographic ( US ) findings of granulomatous lobular mastitis( GLM ) ,and to compare the diagnostic accuracy among US ,mammographic ,and magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) . Methods Imaging characteristics of 56 patients who were pathologically comfirmed as GLM were reviewed .All the lesions were assessed by BI‐RADS ( Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) . Results Fifty‐eight lesions were found in 56 patients . Thirty ( 51 .7% ) were irregular ,20 (34 .5% ) were lobular and 8(13 .8% ) were round or oval in shape . Forty two lesions (72 .4% ) were hypoechoic ,14 (24 .1% ) were mixed echoic textur ,including 6 lesions (10 .3% ) with tubular connections and 8 lesions ( 13 .8% ) with irregular markly hypoechoic internal echoes . Two ( 3% ) were isoechoic .No calcification were found . Color Doppler signals were detected in 33 cases(56 .9% ) ,and the resistance index ( RI) ranged from 0 .61 to 0 .79 . Forty patients underwent mammography ,there were no distinct lesions in 6 cases(15% ) ,suspicious calcification in two(5% ) , asymmetric density in twenty(50% ) ,and solitary masses in twelve(30% ) . MRI was performed in 36 patients ,and revealed no abnormality in two patients(5 .6% ) , twenty nine lesions ( 80 .6% ) showed hypointensity on T1‐weighted images and hyperimensity on T2‐weighted images ,five lesions ( 13 .9% ) showed isointensity on T1‐weighted images and hyperimensity on T2‐weighted images ,and all the lesions showed heterogeneous enhancement after contrast .The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography , mammography and MRl was 63 .8% , 45% and 61 .1% , respectively . Conclusions There were no specific imaging characteristics of GLM ,the combination of ultrasonography , mammography and MRI might benefit the diagnosis of GLM .

Objective To explore the relationship of delivery of parenteral fat emulsion and lipid peroxidation,and to observe the safety and effectiveness of parenteral nutrition(PN)in infants with very low birth weight(VLBWI).Methods Thirty infants with VLBWI were randomly divided into 3 groups:the preterm infants received pareneral nutrition containing amino acids and dextrose and soluvit,while intralipid provided separately,intralipid were light exposed(group A,n=10)or light protected(group B,n=10).In group C(n=10),soluvit and vitlipid were co-administered with intralipid and light protected.All the prematures received PN for 7 days and 10 cases of VLBWI not recei-ving PN were collected as control group.Anti-oxidation level,ascorbate,blood glucose,oxygen saturation,serum biochemistry index and body weight were determined before and after experiment.Results Seven days after PN,the MDA concentrations in the test groups all increased(⊿dA was the most,⊿dB was the next,⊿dC was the least).For superoxidedimutuse(SOD)reduction concentrations,⊿dA decreased sharply,then was ⊿dB,⊿dc decreased little,The blood Vit C increase in group B and C were more than group A.Significant changes of MDA,SOD and Vit C existed among the group B,C and A.In the 3 test groups,bilirubin,albumin,prealbumin concentrations were higher after the experiment,but there were no significant changes compared with control group.No significant changes in blood biochemistry,oxygen saturations were found before and after the observation in every group.Conclusions Multivitamin preparations protect fat emulsion against light-induced formation of lipid hydroperoxides,and administering multivitamins with fat emulsion via dark delivery tubing provide a practical way of preventing peroxidation of the lipid while limiting vitamin loss.Furthermore,it is relatively safe to apply fat emulsion intravenously with suitable dose and infusion rate for a few days to VLBWI from the second day of birth who require partial parenteral nutrition.