Transcranial Doppler combined with flow imaging technique can conveniently,nonin- vasively and accurately detect the blood flow in large intracranial vessels.It has practical signifi- cance in the diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.This article reviews the appli- cation of transcranial color-coded sonography(TCCS)in cerebrovascular diseases.

Objective To explore the role of TLR2 and TLR4 in the pathogenesis of Henoch-Schonlein purpura ( HSP) by investigating their expression at mRNA and protein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs ) and their influences on Th 1/Th2 immune response in children with HSP . Methods 64 hospitalized children with HSP in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical Col -lege from October 2011 to November 2012 were enrolled in the study .They were further divided into non-He-noch-Schonlein purpura nephritis ( NHSPN ) group ( n =36 ) and Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) group (n=28).30 age-matched healthy children from Child Health Division of the same hospital were selected as controls .The expression of TLR2 and TLR4 at mRNA level in PBMCs were detected by re-al-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction .The expression of TLR2 and TLR4 at protein level and T cells subset were detected by flow cytometry .The levels of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-6 in plasma were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results (1)Compared with the control group , the expres-sion of TLR2 and TLR4 at mRNA and protein levels were remarkably increased in children with HSP , espe-cially in HSPN group.(2)Compared with the control group, the percentage of CD3+T cells and CD3+CD4+T cells were down-regulated in HSP group , but the percentage of CD 3+CD8+T cells and CD3+HLADR+T cells were up-regulated.(3)The level of IFN-γand the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 in plasma from children with HSP were significantly lower than those of the controls , while the level of IL-4 and IL-6 were remarkably higher than those of the controls .(4)The expression of TLR2 and TLR4 at protein level in PBMCs from chil-dren with HSP showed significant positive correlations with the expression of TLR 2 and TLR4 at mRNA level and plasma concentration of IL-4 and IL-6, but a negative correlation with the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4.Conclu-sions The aberrant activation of TLR 2 and TLR4 might be correlated with the immunological pathogenesis of HSP by enhancing Th2 immune response.The hyper-activation of TLR2 and TLR4 might result in renal injury in patients with HSP .

Objective To investigate the relation between coagulation disorders and sepsis severity of infected patients.Methods In this retrospective study,75 patients,51 males,24 femalse,with age(55.8± 18.1),were included from January 2010 to March 2011.They were clinically diagnozed as infection,and had Thromboelastography(TEG)and routine coagulation test within 24 hours after admission to emergency department.They were divided into 3 groups based on SIRS and SOFA score within 24 hours after admission:a)infection group,patients without SIRS; b)sepsis group,patients with SIRS and SOFA score less than 5; c)severe sepsis group,patients with SOFA score greater than or equal to 5.LSD was used to compare between two groups if one-way ANOVA of three groups comparasion showed significant differences.Results In comparasion to sepsis group(n =29)and infection group(n =27),D-dimer elevated significantly in severe sepsis group(n =19)(F =3.388,P =0.004),and platelet count decreased significantly(F =3.839,P =0.026),INR and KPTT showed an increase trend without significant difference (F =2.657,P =0.077 ; F =2.782,P =0.069); TEG showed MA obviously decreased(F =5.841,P =0.004),while there were nostatistically significant differences among other data.Conclusions The extent of coagulation disorders and sepsis severity of infected patients is closely correlated to each other.

Interferon-tau (IFN-tau) is a newly discovered IFN of type I. It was originally found for its role as a pregnancy recognition hormone in ruminant animals such as sheep and cows. Like the other type I IFNs, IFN-tau have the same biological activities including antiviral, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory effects. In order to clearly identify the function of IFN-tau, the coding sequence of IFN-tau was amplified by PCR from IFN-tau cDNA, this fragment digested by EcoR I and BamH I and was inserted into pBV220 to form the recombinant plasmid pBV220/IFN-tau which was then transformed into E.coli BL21. It was found that pBV220/IFN-tau was highly expressed as inclusion body in BL21. Next, the expressed protein was purified on S-100 High Resolution and the purified product was confirmed by amino acid sequence analysis. Moreover, the standard antiviral activity test indicated that the activity of IFN-tau was about 2.09?106IU/ml.

Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans

reliability, content validity, construct validity, and criterion - related validity of the CNS are entirely in accordance with the psychometric demands.

Objective To develop a child neglect scale with Chinese culture background to assess the status of the neglected children in China,and examine the reliability and validity of the child-neglect scale(CNS).Methods Considering the cultural background of China,an item pool was established by revising items in correlative literatures and scales.Then,the first draft of the CNS was improved by reserving the effective items well graded by professional experts.A total of 871 students from 2 junior high schools and a vocational and technical college were involved in the study.Those students were surveyed with Parental Rearing Patterns scale and child neglect scale.Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were applied to the development and evaluation of the structure of the scale.Results The findings were as follows:the general Cronbach′s Alpha reliability was 0.85,the split-half reliability was 0.81,the test-retest reliability was 0.90. The CNS was made of the 4 sub-scales which was safe neglect scale,physical neglect scale,communion neglect scale and affection neglect scale.the general Cronbach′s Alpha reliability of the child neglect scale was 0.79-0.85,the split-half reliability was 0.64-0.81,and the test-retest reliability was 0.82-0.90.The item loadings of the neglect scale were over 0.30.The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the ratio of Chi-square to degrees of freedom were 1.766,the goodness of fit index was 0.917,the Tucker-Lewis index was 0.916,and the root mean square error of approximation was 0.047.Criterion-related validity studies indicated that the scores of the CNS were significantly correlated with the rearing patterns as well(r=0.049,-0.465 P

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of the Huhang Burn Liniment in the treatment of Ⅱ degree burn wounds.Methods 400 cases of Ⅱ[degree burn patients admitted to the 4 research centers were divided into two groups(n=200).The treatment group was treated with external Huhang Burn Liniment and the control group was treated with topical silver sulfadiazine silver paste.The wound healing,safety and effect of treatment were compared between two groups.Results The wound healing time in treatment group was significantly better than that of control group (P＜0.05).Before treatment,there was no significant difference in bacterial infection rate and VAS score between two groups.After treatment,the bacterial infection rate and the degree of pain relief in the treatment group were significantly better than those in control group(P＜0.05).The cure rate and total effective rate in treatment group were 84.0 ％ and 97.5 ％ respectively,while the control group were 72 ％ and 87 ％,the difference were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion The Huhang Burn Liniment can effectively promote wound healing,inhibit the growth of bacteria,it's safe and reliable.

Objective To study the differential expressions of labour-associated genes,including interleukin-8 (IL-8),oxytocin receptor (OTR) and prostaglandin H synthase type-2 (PGHS-2)) between preterm labour and term labour myometrium and their clinical significance.Methods Seventeen cases of preterm labour (PTL) and 31 cases of preterm no labour (PTNL) of pregnant women were selected as study group,while 6 cases of term labour (TL) and 6 cases term no labour (TNL) of pregnant women were chosen as control.Lower myometrial tissue biopsies were collected to detect the expressions of IL-8,OTR and PGHS-2 by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) as well as Western blot analysis.The expression data were then statistically analyzed in combination with clinical data.Results In the lower myometrial tissues,the mRNA levels of IL-8 and PGHS-2 were significantly lower in PTL group than in TL samples (P0.05),but the PGHS-2 mRNA level was significantly higher in TL group than in TNL group (P0.05).Correlation analysis suggested that the mRNA level of IL-8 was significantly correlated with gestational age in PTNL group (r=0.294,P=0.042).Multiple linear regression analysis showed a mutual control effect of the expressions of IL-8,OTR and PGHS-2 in preterm but not in term labour group.Conclusion Our results show that there are significant differences of the expression of labour-associated genes in lower myometrum between preterm labour and term labour,which might becorrelated with the progression of preterm labour.