Objective To investigate the treatment and prevention strategies of hematomas in operation area after anterior approach surgery for cervical spondylosis.Methods A retrospective review was conducted on 12 with hematoma compression in operation area out of 785 patients managed by anterior cervical surgery from January 2007 to July 2013,including 10 males and 2 females at age ranging from 40-71 years (mean 56.8 years).Surgery method was anterior cervical corpectomy and interbody fusion using titanium mesh cage plus plate and intraoperative blood loss was 300-1 200 ml.Primary clinical manifestations were neurological dysfunction in 5 patients,dyspnea in 6,and both neurological dysfunction and dyspnea in 1.There were 10 patients with the presence of symptoms at postoperative 0.5-22 hours,1 at postoperative 73 hours,and 1 at postoperative 74 hours.All the 12 patients underwent a second anterior cervical exploration.Results There were 5 patients with epidural hematoma,6 with subcutaneous hematoma,and 1 with both hematomas.After surgical interventions,the patients presented improvement in respiratory and neurological function,with inapparent respiratory abnormality and improved neurological function at discharge.One patient was died of cardiovascular-associated disease after being discharged from hospital.The left 11 patients were followed up for mean 19.8 months (range,6-43 months),with improved Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score at final follow-up.Conclusions Hematoma took place frequently in the early period,especially within 24 hours in operation area after anterior approach to cervical disorders and close attention should be paid to respiratory and limb sensation and motion functions.Early detection and early surgical interventions are the key countermeasures to avoiding the severe results.

ObjectiveTo establish separate and appraisal methods of murine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and optimize the suitable conditions inducting MSCs directional differentiating into adipocytes in vitro.MethodsThe differential adherence to plastic was employed to separate MSCs. CFU-f and successive CFU-f cultures were employed to characterize the potent of proliferation and self-renewal of MSCs. The different adipogenic medium was used as induction for the differentiation of MSCs into adipocytes. The differentiated cells were identified by oil red O immunohistochemistry stain.ResultsThe purified MSCs showed the morphology of fibroblasts. It was found that the number of CFU-f formation depended on the planted number of MSCs. It showed a good relationship. Small type colony of CFU-f had little potent to re-clone, but almost 90% big type colony of CFU-f had the potent to regenerate CFU-f. The MSCs could directionally differentiated into adipocytes induced by different adipogenic medium. But more than 96% MSCs differentiated into mature adipocytes when induced by combined with dexamethasone (DM), 1-methy-3-isobutylxanthine (IBMX), insulin (IS) and indomethacin (ID).ConclusionThe purified MSCs can be harvested by method of differential adherence to plastic, and these MSCs have the potent of proliferation and self-renewal. Moreover, more than 96% MSCs can differentiate into mature adipocytes when induced by combined with DM, IBMX, IS and ID.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of recombinant human adenovirus p53 (rAd-p53) combined with cisplatin on the expression of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells.

METHODSHuman lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were treated with rAd-p53 combined with cisplatin (combination group) or with cisplatin alone(cisplatin group). The expressions of the cell genes were compared between these two groups and the results were analyzed by SAM software.

RESULTA total of 43 differential genes were found, 15 of which were up-regulated and 28 were down-regulated.

CONCLUSIONFollowing introduction of rAd-p53, many genes regulating cell cycle, proliferation and apoptosis expresses up or down which significantly enhance chemosensitivity and killing efficiency of cisplatin on human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adenoviruses, Human ; genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cisplatin ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, p53 ; genetics ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Transfection

Humans ; Siblings ; Forensic Medicine ; Forensic Genetics

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and other lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma.

METHODSPeripheral blood samples were obtained from 64 patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma (case group) and analyzed by flow cytometry. The ratios of CD4+CD25+Treg T cells and other T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood were compared with those from 33 healthy controls (control group).

RESULTSThe percentages of CD3+ and CD3+CD4+ were (66.5±11.0)% and (37.7±10.6)% respectively in the peripheral blood of the case group, which were significantly lower than those [(72.0±6.0)% and (42.0±6.4)%] in the control group (t=-3.2,-2.4; P=0.020, 0.015, respectively). The ratio of CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells in case group (10.5±4.0)% was significantly higher than that [(8.4±3.5)%] in the control group (t=-2.2, P=0.013). CD4+/CD8+ value of case group (1.4±0.8) was significantly lower than that (1.8±0.7) in control group(t=-2.2, P=0.029). CD3+CD8+, CD8+CD28-, and CD8+CD28+ showed no significant differences (all P>0.05). Smoking, differentiation grade, and size of the tumor showed no association with the function damage of T lymphocyte subsets, while the carcino-embryonic antigen level did.

CONCLUSIONSIn patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma, Treg increases and CD4+/CD8+ decreases, suggesting remarkably suppressed immune functions. However, more research is warranted to validate the association of T cells subset dysfunction with smoking, differentiation grade, and size of tumor.

Adenocarcinoma ; immunology ; Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo explore the relation between p53 protein expression and chemosensitivity to cisplatin in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODSThe DerSimonian-Laird random effect model was used to analyze the data reported in relevant literature.

RESULTSSixteen trials involving 1070 patients were retrieved. The overall positivity rate of p53 was 50.4% and overall response rate to cisplatin was 38.7%. The test for heterogeneity showed that all eligible studies had heterogeneity (chi 2-/+47.57, P<0.0001). The combined odds ratio (OR) was 1.37, with 95% confidence interval of 0.84-2.24.

CONCLUSIONExpression of p53 protein in patients with NSCLC is not associated with the chemosensitivity to cisplatin.

Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cisplatin ; therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; biosynthesis

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of prolonged 85% oxygen exposure on lung vascular development and the expression of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) in the neonatal rat lungs.

METHODSNinety-six Sprague-Dawley rat pups were randomly exposed to air (control group) and 85% oxygen (experimental group) 6 hrs after birth. The rats were sacrificed 3, 7 and 14 days after exposure and their lungs were sampled. The lung sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological evaluation and analysis of vessel volume density. Expressions of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) in lung tissue were measured by immunohistochemistry. Expression of Ang-1 protein and mRNA was detected by Western Blot and Real time-PCR.

RESULTSAfter being exposed to 85% oxygen for 14 days, lung tissues had pathological changes as "new" bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The RAC on day 7 and day 14 in experimental group decreased significantly as compared with the control group [(10.55 ± 0.13) vs. (11.74 ± 0.19), (12.47 ± 0.05) vs. (15.03 ± 0.16), P < 0.05]. The X-ray showed that the diameter of lung vessel was much smaller and the vessels had less branches in experimental group compared with the control group on day 14. The vessel volume density on day 14 in experimental group decreased significantly as compared with the control group [(3.55 ± 0.09) vs. (6.03 ± 0.16), P < 0.05]. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting showed that the expressions of Ang-1 protein on day 7 and day 14 in the experimental group decreased significantly as compared with the control group [(4.27 ± 0.34) vs. (3.10 ± 0.29), P < 0.05, (5.65 ± 0.49) vs. (3.21 ± 0.28), P < 0.01], [(0.88 ± 0.31) vs. (0.41 ± 0.12), P < 0.05, (0.90 ± 0.29) vs. (0.21 ± 0.06), P < 0.01]. The expressions of Ang-1 mRNA on day 7 and day 14 in the experimental group also decreased significantly as compared with the control group [(0.85 ± 0.14) vs. (0.44 ± 0.21), P < 0.05, (0.87 ± 0.24) vs. (0.24 ± 0.05), P < 0.01].

CONCLUSIONSProlonged exposure of high concentration of oxygen may cause impairment of lung vascular development by inhibiting expression of Ang-1 in neonatal rats, which is likely to contribute to pathogenesis of BPD.

Angiopoietin-1 ; metabolism ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Hyperoxia ; Lung ; blood supply ; metabolism ; Pulmonary Artery ; growth & development ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the change of lymphocyte subsets before and after chemotherapy in colorectal carcinoma patients.

METHODSTwenty-one peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets from 62 colorectal carcinoma patients before and after FOLFOX4(including oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin) , FOLFRI(including irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin) , or XELOX(including oxaliplatin and capecitabine) regimen chemotherapy were examined by flow cytometry.The differences of these lymphocyte subsets were analyzed.

RESULTSAfter chemotherapy, the percentages of CD3(+), CD3(+)CD8(+), CD29(+), CD4(+)CD29(+), and CD4(+)CD25(+) cells in peripheral blood of colorectal carcinoma patients increased significantly, while the percentages of CD19(+) and human leukocyte antigen(locus) DR(HLA-DR) (+) cells decreased significantly(P<0.05) .The results of subgroup analysis showed that the patients' CD3(+)CD8(+) and CD4(+)CD25(+) cells increased significantly, CD19(+) and HLA-DR(+) cells decreased significantly after FOLFOX4 regimen chemotherapy(P<0.05) ;CD3(+)CD8(+) cells increased significantly and CD19(+) cells decreased significantly after XELOX regimen chemotherapy(P<0.05) ;while after FOLFRI regimen chemotherapy, there were no significant changes in all 21 lymphocyte subsets(P>0.05) . CD3(+), CD3(+)CD8(+), memory T lymphoctye(45RO(+)) , and CD4(+)CD45RO(+) cells increased significantly(P<0.05) in patients who received no more than 4 cycles of chemotherapy. However, in patients that received 5 to 8 cycles and more than 9 cycles chemotherapy, we only found significant decrease of HLADR(+) cells and significant increase of CD29(+) cells, respectively(P<0.05) .

CONCLUSIONSThe humoral immunity is attenuated after chemotherapy in colorectal carcinoma patients. FOLFOX4 may suppress the cellular immunity.Chemotherapy that is less than 4 cycles will strengthens the cellular immunity by modulating body immunity arrangement;however, along with the increase of chemotherapy cycles, the cellular immunity gradually declines in these patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD19 ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; administration & dosage ; Camptothecin ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Deoxycytidine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Humans ; Leucovorin ; administration & dosage ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organoplatinum Compounds ; administration & dosage

Exploring the transition from inter-ictal to ictal epileptiform discharges (IDs) and how GABA receptor-mediated action affects the onset of IDs will enrich our understanding of epileptogenesis and epilepsy treatment. We used Mg-free artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) to induce epileptiform discharges in juvenile mouse hippocampal slices and used a micro-electrode array to record the discharges. After the slices were exposed to Mg-free ACSF for 10 min-20 min, synchronous recurrent seizure-like events were recorded across the slices, and each event evolved from inter-ictal epileptiform discharges (IIDs) to pre-ictal epileptiform discharges (PIDs), and then to IDs. During the transition from IIDs to PIDs, the duration of discharges increased and the inter-discharge interval decreased. After adding 3 μmol/L of the GABA receptor agonist muscimol, PIDs and IDs disappeared, and IIDs remained. Further, the application of 10 μmol/L muscimol abolished all the epileptiform discharges. When the GABA receptor antagonist bicuculline was applied at 10 μmol/L, IIDs and PIDs disappeared, and IDs remained at decreased intervals. These results indicated that there are dynamic changes in the hippocampal network preceding the onset of IDs, and GABA receptor activity suppresses the transition from IIDs to IDs in juvenile mouse hippocampus.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Bicuculline ; pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epilepsy ; pathology ; GABA-A Receptor Agonists ; pharmacology ; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Magnesium ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Male ; Membrane Potentials ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Muscimol ; pharmacology ; Nerve Net ; drug effects ; Receptors, GABA-A ; metabolism

Background:: Antibiotics are frequently used to treat critically ill patients, and its use is often accompanied by intestinal dysbiosis that might further lead to bacterial translocation (BT). Nevertheless, studies on the relationship between antibiotic therapy and BT are rare. In the present study, we investigated the effect of broad-spectrum antibiotics on BT in an experimental rat model of burn or sepsis injury. Methods:: The septic rat model was simulated by a second insult with lipopolysaccharides after burn injury. Ninety-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, burn, and sepsis groups (n = 8 or 9, each group), and the latter two groups were then treated with imipenem or ceftriaxone for 3 or 9 days. The mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and blood were collected at each time point under sterile conditions for quantitative bacterial culture and strain identification. The differences between the groups were compared by Fisher exact test or Mann-Whitney U test. Results:: Only minimal Escherichia coli translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes was observed in the normal control group, in which the BT rate was 12.5%. Burn injury did not affect the BT rate (Burn group vs. Control group, 12.5% vs. 12.5%, P = 1.000), whereas the BT rate showed an increased trend after the second insult with lipopolysaccharide (Sepsis group vs. Control group, 44.4% vs. 12.5%, P = 0.294), and many strains of Enterobacteria spp. were detected in distant organs (liver, lung, and blood) [Sepsis group vs. Control group, 0 (0,3) vs. 0 (0,0), U = 20, P = 0.045]. After the antibiotic treatment, BT to the distant organs was increased in burned rats [Burn IT3 group vs. Burn group, 0 (0,2) vs. 0 (0,0); Burn IT9 group vs. Burn group, 0 (0,1) vs. 0 (0,0); Burn CT9 group vs. Burn group, 0 (0,2) vs. 0 (0,0); all U = 20 and P = 0.076] but decreased in septic rats [Sepsis CT3 group vs. Sepsis group, 0 (0,0) vs. 0 (0,3), U = 20, P = 0.045]. The total amount of translocated bacteria, regardless of which antibiotic was used, was increased in burned rats [Burn IT9 group vs. Burn group, 2.389 (0,2.845) vs. 0 (0,2.301) Log₁₀ colony-forming units (CFU)/g, U = 14, P = 0.034; Burn CT3 group vs. Burn group, 2.602 (0,3.633) vs. 0 (0,2.301) Log₁₀ CFU/g, U = 10.5, P = 0.009], but there was a slightly decreased trend in septic rats [Sepsis IT9 group vs. Sepsis group, 2.301 (2,3.146) vs. 0 (0,4.185) Log₁₀ CFU/g, U = 36, P = 0.721; Sepsis CT9 group vs. Sepsis group, 2 (0,3.279) vs. 0 (0,4.185) Log₁₀ CFU/g, U = 32.5, P = 0.760]. Remarkably, the quantity of Enterococci spp. dramatically increased after broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment in both the burned and septic groups [Burn IT3 group vs. Burn group, 1 (0,5.164) vs. 0 (0,0) Log₁₀ CFU/g, U = 16; Burn IT9 group vs. Burn group, 1 (0,2.845) vs. 0 (0,0) Log₁₀ CFU/g, U = 16; Burn CT3 group vs. Burn group, 2.602 (0,3.633) vs. 0 (0,0) Log₁₀ CFU/g, U = 8; Burn CT9 group vs. Burn group, 1 (0,4.326) vs. 0 (0,0) Log₁₀ CFU/g, U = 16; Sepsis IT3 group vs. Sepsis group, 2.477 (0,2.903) vs. 0 (0,0) Log₁₀ CFU/g, U = 4.5; Sepsis IT9 group vs. Sepsis group, 2 (0,3.146) vs. 0 (0,0) Log₁₀ CFU/g, U = 9; Sepsis CT3 group vs. Sepsis group, 1.151 (0,2.477) vs. 0 (0,0) Log₁₀ CFU/g, U = 18; Sepsis CT9 group vs. Sepsis group, 2 (0,3) vs. 0 (0,0) Log₁₀ CFU/g, U = 13.5; all P < 0.05]. Conclusions: Broad-spectrum antibiotics promote BT in burned rats but prevent BT in septic rats, especially preventing BT to distant organs, such as the liver and lung. Moreover, Enterococci spp. with high drug resistance and high pathogenicity translocated most after antibiotic treatment.