Objective To observe whether recombinant human erythropoietin (rhu- EPO) could cross blood- brain barrier (BBB) of premature infants. Methods Thirty - six premature infants, with gestational age 28 - 35 weeks, birth weight0.05).Conclusion Rhu- EPO can cross the BBB of premature infants.

CDFI was performed in 20 patients with acute upper ureteral obstruction secondary to ureteral stone. Intrarenal flow of unilateral obstructed kidneys and contralateral nonobstructed kidneys was observed. Resistive index (RI) of intrarenal arteries was measured. The results showed that RI of intrarenal arteries in unilateral obstruted kidneys was elevated during acute upper ureteral obstruction with renal colic. The RI in contralateral nonobstructed kidneys did not change. Statistically significant differences were noticed in the groups of normal versus obstructed kidneys (P

Adolescent ; Calculi ; Humans ; Male ; Nose Diseases ; Turbinates

Objective To evaluate the effect of N- acetylcysteine(NAC) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - sensitized neonatal rats with hypoxic- ischemic brain damage(HIBD) and possible mechanism except the antioxidant. Methods With the total number of 98 Wistar pups at postnatal day 8 of either sex was used in this study. There were 86 pups which were divided into three groups to evaluate the brain injury:vehicle group ( n = 29) ,low dose (25 mg/kg) ( n = 31 ) and high dose NAC (200 mg/kg) ( n - 26) treatment group. The pups were injected with LPS(0.1 mg/kg)intraperitoneally 3 days before hypoxic- ischemic(HI) insult. Multiple dose of NAC (25 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg) or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally before and after HI. Brain injury was evaluated 7 days after HI. For the Caspase - 3 activity and immunoblotting analysis, the samples were collected at 24 h after HI treated either with vehicle or high dose NAC ( n = 6 per group). Results The brain injury volume was significantly reduced by high dose NAC (200 mg/kg) treatment compared with that of vehicle (77% reduction, P ＜ 0.001 ). The tissue loss was reduced 67 % ( P ＜ 0.001 ) in high dose NAC treated group compared with that of vehicle. However,there was no significant reduction of brain injury in the low dose NAC treatment group compared with vehicle group. Caspase - 3 like activity measurement showed that the activity decreased 53 % after high dose NAC treatment ( P ＜ 0. 001 ) compared with that of vehicle treatment. The immunoblots showed that the active form of Caspase - 3, 17 kDa band, was abolished by the high dose NAC treatment. Conclusions NAC treatment attenuate LPS - sensitized neonatal HI brain injury is dose dependent. The neuroprotective effect involves Caspase - 3 inhibition.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the neuroprotective effect and possible mechanisms of edaravone (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one) in neonatal Harlequin (Hq) mutant mice brain after hypoxia-ischemia brain injury(HIBD) insult.MethodsThe nine-day-old male Hq mutant mouse pups were assigned randomly either edaravone (n=16) and vehicle (n=17) treatment group. The Hq mice were subjected to left common carotid artery occlusion combined with inhalation 100 mL/L oxygen for 45 minutes. The mice were injected intraperitoneally either with edaravone (10 mg/kg) or equivalent volume of saline immediately after artery occlusion and after hypoxia. Nitrotyrosine and lipid peroxidation formation were evaluated at 3 h and 24 h after hypoxia-ischemia(HI) by using immunohistochemistry staining. Nitrotyrosine formation and caspases activation were evaluated either by immunoblotting or fluorogenic activity measurement at 24 h after HI. Brain injury was evaluated at 72 h by neuropathological score and calculating the infarct volume.ResultsBrain injury encompassed cortex, hippocampus, striatum and thalamus. Edaravone treatment reduced brain injury significantly in all the brain regions. The total infarct volume was reduced 52.8% in edaravone treatment group compared with vehicle group (P<0.001). The edaravone treatment reduced nitrotyrosine formation as well as lipid peroxidation formation significantly, but without obviously effect on caspases activation.ConclusionEdaravone affords neuroprotection after neonatal HI insult, which correlated with the reduction of free radical formation.

This article introduces the reforming contents of the analytical chemistry experiments according to the characteristic of speciality of pharmacy,traditional chinese pharmacology and clinical pharmacy and the questions existing in analytical chemistry experiments.And the reformetion is mainly from experiment teaching contents,teaching methods and means,experiment teaching material,experiment test and teachers troops.

The objective of this study was to elucidate the association of various risk factors with dengue cases reported in Lundu district, Sarawak, by analyzing the interaction between environmental, entomological, socio-demographic factors. Besides conventional entomological, serological and house surveys, this study also used GIS technology to generate geographic and environmental data on Aedes albopictus and dengue transmission. Seven villages were chosen based on the high number of dengue cases reported. A total of 551 households were surveyed. An overall description of the socio-demographic background and basic facilities was presented together with entomological and geographical profiles. For serological and ovitrap studies, systematic random sampling was used. Serological tests indicated that 23.7% of the 215 samples had a history of dengue, either recent or previous infections. Two samples (0.9%) were confirmed by IgM ELISA and 49 samples (22.8%) had IgG responses. A total of 32,838 Aedes albopictus eggs were collected in 56 days of trapping. Cluster sampling was also done to determine whether any of the risk factors (entomological or geographical) were influenced by geographical location. These clusters were defined as border villages with East Kalimantan and roadside villages along Lundu/Biawas trunk road. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 10.01. Descriptive analysis using frequency, means, and median were used. To determine the association between variables and dengue cases reported, and to describe the differences between the two clusters of villages, two-sample t-test, and Pearson's Chi-Square were used. Accurate maps were produced with overlay and density function, which facilitates the map visualization and report generating phases. This study also highlights the use of differential Global Positioning System in mapping sites of 1m accuracy. Analysis of the data revealed there are significant differences in clusters of villages attributable to container density, house density, distance of the house from the main road, and number of Ae. albopictus eggs from ovitraps set indoor, outdoor and in dumping sites (Person's Chi-Square = 6.111, df = 1, p < 0.01). Further analysis using t-test showed that house density, container density, indoor mosquitoes egg count, outdoor mosquitoes egg count, and dumping sites mosquitoes egg count were higher at the roadside villages compared to border villages. A number of potential risk factors including those generated from GIS were investigated. None of the factors investigated in this study were associated with the dengue cases reported.
Dengue ; seconds ; physical density ; Risk Factors ; Analysis of substances

Objective To know the relationship between air quality and meteorological conditions in Sanming City,Fujian, China.Methods Based on the fixed point monitoring data of everyday air quality from Sanming Environmental Monitoring Center and the corresponding upper air synoptic chart from 2002 to 2006,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics,the variation tendency of the ambient air quality and their relations with the meteorological conditions were analyzed by using Excel 2003 software.Results The air pollution in Sanming was serious,the PM10 was concluded as the predominant pollutant.The concentration of SO_2,NO_2 and PM10,which affected the air quality of Sanming,was higher during October—April,and it was lower during May—September.The concentration of the pollutants was higher in the urban areas eompared with the suburbs. Conclusion The air quality in Sanming is related to the variation of the synoptic system.The air quality under the warm shear line system is best and under low system is next-best;the air quality under the warm sector convergence system is worst and under continent high system is next-worst;the low-level wind direction has some effect on the variation of the air quality,the air quality in easterly wind is better than that in westerly wind.

Objective To evaluate the neuroprotective effect and possible mechanisms of edaravone(3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one) in neonatal Harlequin(Hq) mutant mice brain after hypoxia-ischemia brain injury(HIBD) insult.Methods The nine-day-old male Hq mutant mouse pups were assigned randomly either edaravone(n=16) and vehicle(n=17) treatment group.The Hq mice were subjected to left common carotid artery occlusion combined with inhalation 100 mL/L oxygen for 45 minutes.The mice were injected intraperitoneally either with edaravone(10 mg/kg) or equivalent volume of saline immediately after artery occlusion and after hypoxia.Nitrotyrosine and lipid peroxidation formation were evaluated at 3 h and 24 h after hypoxia-ischemia(HI) by using immunohistochemistry staining.Nitrotyrosine formation and caspases activation were evaluated either by immunoblotting or fluorogenic activity measurement at 24 h after HI.Brain injury was evaluated at 72 h by neuropathological score and calculating the infarct volume.Results Brain injury encompassed cortex,hippocampus,striatum and thalamus.Edaravone treatment reduced brain injury significantly in all the brain regions.The total infarct volume was reduced 52.8% in edaravone treatment group compared with vehicle group(P

Objective To evaluate the neuroprotective effect and safety of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE)treated with recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO).Methods Fifty-three neonates with HIE were randomly divided into rhEPO treated group(n=29) with the dosage of 300 U/(kg?time),three times a week for 2 weeks and control group(n=24)without rhEPO.All supportive measures were same between 2 groups.Neurological scoring was evaluated at d3,d5 and d7 Neonatal behavioral neurological assessment(NBNA) was evaluated at d7,d14 and d28.The neurodevelopment quote was evaluated at age of 3 and 6 months.Blood pressure,liver and renal function,blood electrolytes and blood hemoglobin,platelet and reticular red blood cell count were monitored before and after treatment in all infants.Results The neurological scoring between two groups had no difference at d3.The significant difference was found at d7(P0.05).Conclusions Teraphy with rhEPO on neonatal HIE infants can promote neurological recovery,and there is no serious side effect with rhEPO treatment.